Research on the Development of Fibroin and Nano-Fiber from Silk Cocoons for Regenerated Tissue Engineering Applications by Electro-Spinning

In this paper, the main goal is to prepare silk fibroin nano-fiber, which is used for regenerated tissue applications. Silk scaffold nano-fibers made by electro-spinning technology can be used in regenerated tissue applications. The purpose of the research is to prepare a silk-fibroin nano-fiber solution for potential applications in tissue engineering. Using a degumming process, pure silk fibroin protein is extracted from silk cocoons. The protein solution for fibroin is purified, and the protein content is determined. The precise chemical composition, exact temperature, time, voltage, distance, ratio, and humidity all have a huge impact on degumming, solubility, and electro-spinning nano-fibers. The SEM investigates the morphology of silk fibroin nano-fibres at different magnifications. It also reveals the surface condition, fiber orientation, and fiber thickness of the silk fibroin nano-fiber. The results show that regenerated silk fibroin and nano-fiber can be used in silk fibroin scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications.

Preparing 3D Perovskite Li_(0.33)La_(0.557)TiO_(3)Nanotubes Framework Via Facile Coaxial Electro-Spinning Towards Reinforced Solid Polymer Electrolyte

It is of significance to construct continuous multiphase percolation channels with fast lithium-ion pathway in hybrid solid electrolytes.3D ceramic nanostructure frameworks have attracted great attention in this field.Herein,the three-dimensional perovskite Li_(0.33)La_(0.557)TiO_(3)nanotubes framework(3D-LLTO-NT)is fabricated via a facile coaxial electro-spinning process followed by a calcination process at 800°C.The hybrid polymer electrolyte of 3DLLTO-NT framework and poly(ethylene carbonate)(3D-LLTO-NT@PEC)shows improved ionic conductivity of 1.73×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at ambient temperature,higher lithium-ion transference number(t_(Li)^(+))of 0.78 and electrochemical stability window up to 5.0 V vs Li/Li^(+).The all-solid-state cell of LiFePO_(4)/3D-LLTO-NT@PEC/Li delivers a high specific capacity of 140.2 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C at ambient temperature.This outstanding performance is attributed to the 3D ceramic nanotubes frameworks which provide fast lithium ion transfer pathway and stable interfaces.

Electro-spinning Antimicrobial N-halamine Modified Poly(vinyl alcohol)Nanofibers

Antimicrobial poly( vinyl alcohol)( PVA) nanofibrous composites were prepared by adding 3-( 2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione( N-halamine diol) to the PVA solution using electro-spinning technique upon curing and exposure to diluted sodium hypochlorite. Scanning electron microscopy( SEM) demonstrates that PVA nanofibers formed with diameters of( 255 ±94) nm. Cross-linked PVA nanofibers with N-halamine diol precursor and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic( BTCA) showed good water resistance. The chlorinated PVA nanofibrous mats completely inactivated Staphylococcus aureus( Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli O157: H7( Gram-negative) with 7 log reductions( the reduction of the bacterial concentration in logarithm) within 5min and 1 min of contact time,respectively.

Material properties and characterizations of cross-linked electro-spinning raspberry ketone incorporated polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin fibrous scaffolds

The properties of polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin (PVA/GE) nanofibers have been previously investigated as a function of the processing parameters such as the ra-tios of PVA and GE, electrical field and tip-to-collector distance during the electro-spinning process, in this study, the properties of the electro-spinning PVA/GE nanofibers were examined when different solution feed rates were used to create the fibrous scaffold. The optimal conditions for the PVA/GE fibrous scaf-fold were determined to be a PVA/GE blend ratio of 8/2, electrical field of 24 kV, tip-to-collector distance of 10 cm and speed rate of 1 ml.h-1. Using these con-ditions, Raspberry ketone (RK) was incorporated into PVA/GE fibrous scaffolds and their microstruc-ture and material properties were characterized by SEM, DSC and XRD techniques. When the incorpo-rated RK and PVA/GE fibrous scaffolds were cross-linked, the tensile strength and water-resistant ability increased at increasing cross-linking time. However, in the in vitro analysis, a longer cross-linking time was shown to increase its cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic-ity of RKPVA/GE-8 fibrous scaffold was evaluated based on a cell proliferation study by culturing L-929 fibroblast cell on the fibrous scaffold for 1, 3 and 5 days. In these experiments, cell expansion was ob-served and the cells spread during the entire cell cul-ture time.

Electro-spraying/spinning: A novel battery manufacturing technology

Lithium-ion battery(LIB) industry seems to have met its bottle neck in cutting down producing costs even though much efforts have been put into building a complete industrial chain. Actually, manufacturing methods can greatly affect the cost of battery production. Up to now, lithium ion battery producers still adopt manufacturing methods with cumbersome sub-components preparing processes and costly assembling procedures, which will undoubtedly elevate the producing cost. Herein, we propose a novel approach to directly assemble battery components(cathode, anode and separator) in an integrated way using electro-spraying and electro-spinning technologies. More importantly, this novel battery manufacturing method can produce LIBs in large scale, and the products show excellent mechanical strength, flexibility, thermal stability and electrolyte wettability. Additionally, the performance of the as-prepaed Li Fe PO_(4)||graphite full cell produced by this new method is comparable or even better than that produced by conventional manufacturing approach. In brief, this work provides a new promising technology to prepare LIBs with low cost and better performance.

Processing and Mechanical Characterization of Electro-spun Polycaprolactone Membrane Coated Hernia Mesh

Composite hernia meshes designed in this paper consist of polypropylene( PP) knitted meshes and polycaprolactone( PCL)nanofiber membranes,which are produced by electro-spinning the solution composed of PCL as a solute and the mixture of dimethylformamide( DMF) and dichloromethane( DCM) as a solvent. The morphology and diameter of nanofibers in the membrane are well performed when the 15% PCL solution is electrospun under the condition of 18 k V,15 cm,0. 7 m L/h. The poresize of the membranes is less than 10 μm, where such kinds of arrangement are extremely compact to prevent the cells from growing in. The mechanical properties of the membrane with better arrangement state can reach 68. 8 c N/mm^2. The cytotoxicity test of the composite mesh demonstrates the nontoxicity of the materials.However,the bonding fastness between the membrane and the PP mesh is extremely unsubstantial. The better ways to bond PP mesh with PCL membranes should be discussed in the future.

Characteristic Assessment of Stabilized Polyacrylonitrile Nanowebs for the Production of Activated Carbon Nano-Sorbents

Polyacrylonitrile （PAN） nanofibers with average diameter of 300 nm were produced by electro-spinning. The nanofibers were stabilized at different temperatures in the range of 180-270 ℃in several duration times and heating rates. Fourier transforms infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） analyzing techniques were employed to measure the extent of stabilization reaction. By all procedures, the ranges of temperature and duration time recommended were about 250-270 ℃ and 1-2 h, respectively. Increasing the activation temperature from 800 ℃ to 1200 ℃ caused porosity and pore volume development up to 60% and 0.532 cm3/g, respectively. Pore width of all samples was calculated to be about 0.7 nm confirming micro-pore structure of the produced PAN based activated carbon nanofibers. Comparing dye adsorption for different adsorbents including chitin and granular activated carbon （GAC） showed the highest efficiency for the produced activated carbon nanofibers （ACNFs）.

Design of nanofibre interlayer supported forward osmosis composite membranes and its evaluation in fouling study with cleaning

Nanofibre-supported forward osmosis(FO)membranes have gained popularity owing to their low structural parameters and high water flux.However,the nanofibrous membranes are less stable in long-term use,and their fouling behaviours with foulants in both feed solution(FS)and draw solution(DS)is less studied.This study developed a nanofibrous thin-film composite(TFC)FO membrane by designing a tiered dual-layer nanofibrous substrate to enhance membrane stability during long-term usage and cleaning.Various characterisation methods were used to study the effect of the electrospun nanofibre interlayer and drying time,which is the interval after removing the M-phenylenediamine(MPD)solution and before reacting with trimesoyl chloride(TMC)solution,on the intrinsic separation FO performance.The separation performance of the dual-layer nanofibrous FO membranes was examined using model foulants(sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin)in both the FS and DS.The dual-layer nanofibrous substrate was superior to the single-layer nanofibrous substrate and showed a flux of 30.2 L/m^(2)/h(LMH)when using 1.5 mol/L NaCl against deionised(DI)water in the active layer facing draw solution(AL-DS)mode.In the fouling test,the water flux was effectively improved without sacrificing the water/solute selectivity under the condition that foulants existed in both the FS and DS.In addition,the dual-layer nanofibrous TFC FO membrane was more robust during the fouling test and cleaning.