Model of Polysilicon Electro-thermal Micro Actuator and Research of Micro Scale Effect

A type of crank beam electro-thermal micro actuator was prescribed. Mechanical model of the actuator was established, and the static characteristic was analyzed.Comparing the theoretical analysis with experimental data, it is found that the thermodynamic character of material in micro actuator has a different variable regularity contrasted to that used in macro scale machines. It is the micro scale effect that results in the deviation between the simulating result and experimental results. The thermodynamic expression of polysilicon, which was fitted by means of the experimental data concerned, was used to modify the mechanical model. The modified model, in which the micro scale thermodynamic characteristic was considered, was more reasonable and could make the optimal design and control strategies analyzing the straight-line micro actuator more feasible.

ELECTRO-THERMAL EFFECTS AND DEFORMATION RESPONSE OF CARBON FIBER MAT CEMENT BEAMS

A carbon fiber mat is a sheet composed of intercrossing short carbon fibers,which has more stable and lower electrical resistivity compared with dispersed short carbon fiber mixed in cement.Thereby carbon fiber mat cement could exhibit obvious electro-thermal effect.When electrified,the temperature of composite structures made up of cement mortar and carbon fiber mat will rise rapidly.If the temperature field is not uniform,temperature difference will cause structures to deform,which can be used to adjust the deformation of structures.The temperature field and deformation response driven by the electro-thermal effects of a type of carbon fiber mat cement beams are studied.Firstly,the temperature and deformation responses are studied using theories of thermal conduction and elasticity.Secondly,experimental results are given to verify the theoretical solution.These two parts lay the foundation for temperature and deformation adjustment.

Microstructure and wear resistance of electro-thermal explosion sprayed stellite coating used for remanufacturing

Electro-thermal explosion directional spraying was used to prepare the stellite coating on substrate of the AISI 1045 steel. The morphologies of cross-section and worn scar, porosity, distribution of elements, micro- hardness and wear resistance of the coating were determined by means of SEM, EDAX, micro-hardness tester and sliding wear tester. Because of the compact construction, good bonding and high hardness, the coating is characterized by good wear resistance. The results show that the mainly failure mode of the stellite coating is micro- plowing.

STUDY ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT AND MECHANISMS OF ELECTRO-THERMAL NEEDLING FOR TREATMENT OF VULVAL LEUKOPLASIA

In the present paper,444 patients with vulvar leukoplasia were treated by selectingacupoints in the local area and along the meridian plus Qugu（CV 2）and Huiyin（CV 1）and usingelectro-thermal needling.The total effective rate was up to 100.0％and the cure rate 87.3％.Theelectro-thermal effect directly acted on the affected area but strengthened the immunologic function ofthe whole body and raised the content of serum copper.

High-temperature corrosion-resistance performance of electro-thermal explosion spraying coating

As a new spraying technology used in the remanufacturing engineering, electro-thermal explosion spraying holds a lot of advantages. Electro-thermal explosion spraying coating aliquation phenomena are reduced and non-crystal, micro-crystal and millimicron-crystal and other microstructure are formed. The corrosion-resistance ability of electro-thermal explosion spraying coating in high temperature environment was surveyed respectively. SEM equipped with EDS was employed to analyze the microstructure of spraying coating before and after corrosion. The corrosion-resistance mechanism of the spraying coating was discussed.

ELECTRO-THERMAL MOXIBUSTION ON ACUPOINTS FOR TREATMENT OF 98 CASES OF SCIATICA

98 patients with sciatica are treated.by stimubting acupoints using a self-made electro-thermal moxibustion instrument.Results show that 82 cases arecured,8 improved and 5 effective,with the total effective rate of 96.9％.The temperature relesed from this instrument is adjustable.The electro-thermal moxibustion therapy is short in treatment duration and rapid in taking effect.Ithas no needling-induced pain and no side-effects,and is accepted preferably by patients.

Microstructure and Deposition Mechanism of C/SiCN Composites Prepared by Rapid Electro-thermal Pyrolysis CVD

Carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbonitride ceramic matrix composites （C/SiCN） were prepared by rapid electro-thermal pyrolysis CVD using liquid polymer hexamethyldisilazane （HMDS, （CH3）3SiNHSi（CH3）3） as precursor. Microstructure morphology and production technique of C/SiCN composites were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were respectively employed to characterize microstructures of the as-received C/SiCN composites samples. The high temperature pyrolysis of HMDS results in destruction of molecular chain, fracture of bonds, as well as liquid-gas-solid conversion from polymer to ceramic. Microstructures observation indicates that there is a high degree of coalescence between SiCN matrix and C fiber. The deposition model of liquid precursor electro-thermal pyrolysis CVD is different from that of gas precursor isothermal chemical vapor infiltration. Rapid liquid flow and slow gas diffusion are key factors for the difference of two methods. Preparation of rapid electro-thermal pyrolysis CVD consists of four steps including liquid polymer infiltration, polymer pyrolysis, rapid deposition of pyrolyzed substances and rapid densification, respectively.

THE FUZZY NUMERICAL VALUE SIMULATION OF NANOMETER ELECTRO-THERMAL IN HOT-WORKING

The fuzzy numerical value analysis method is adopted for the first time, which solves the problem of nanometer electro-thermal in filming process, The key technique is embodied by controlling the time distribution, temperature and press in the filming process. The concrete technique of filming is showed by establishing the fuzzy mumbership function of above three indexes, which improves the precision of the materials of nanometer electro-thermal in hot-working. At the same time, the principles of the fuzzy relationship mapping inversion （FRMI） is put forward, Therefore, the standardization and continuity can be met.

Design and Fabrication of 2-DOF Micromirror Array Based on Electro-Thermal Actuators

With surface- and bulk-micromachining, an 8 × 8 mirrors array is designed, fabricated and tested, which is based on electro-thermal actuators and can be addressed individually. The micromirror is square shaped, 4-corner-actuated. Its dimension is 200 μm × 200 μm. The substrate below it is caved away to ensure a tilt at an angle as large as possible. To protect the etch-sensitive features on the front side of the wafer undamaged during wet deep silicon etch on the backside, the wax protective coating process is used. Mirror actuated by powering an alternative pair of heaters will tilt in 2-DOF. If its 4 cantilevers/heaters are powered synchronously, it will move in a piston mode. The effective arrays are more than 80% out of the three finished wafers. When the ramp voltage frequency applied to a pair of neighboring cantilevers is 5 Hz at 10 V, the average tilting angle can be ± 8°.

Fast Calculation Method of Energy Flow for Combined Electro-Thermal System and Its Application

In recent years, Combined electro-thermal system has developed rapidly. In order to provide the initial data for the analysis of the combined electro-thermal system, a practical energy flow calculation method for the combined electro-thermal system is proposed in this paper. Based on the detailed analysis of the topology structure of the heating network and its hydraulic and thermodynamic model, the forward-backward sweep method for the heat flow of the heating network is established, which is more suitable for the actual radial heating network. The electric and thermal coupling model for heating source, such as thermoelectric unit and electric boiler is established, and the heat flow of heating network and the power flow of power grid are calculated orderly, thus a fast calculation method for the combined electro-thermal system is formed. What’s more, a combined electro-thermal system with two-stage peak-shaving electric boiler is used as the example system. This paper validates the effectiveness and rapidity of this method through the example system, and analyzes the influence for the energy flow of combined electro-thermal system caused by the operating parameters such as the installation location of electric boiler, the outlet water temperature of heat source and the outlet flow rate, etc.

Study on Approach of Static Security Assessment Accounting for Electro-thermal Coupling

A static security assessment approach considering electro-thermal coupling of transmission lines is proposed in this paper. Combined with the dynamic thermal rating technology and energy forecasting, the approach can track both the electrical variables and transmission lines’ temperature varying trajectory under anticipated contingencies. Accordingly, it identifies the serious contingencies by transmission lines’ temperature violation rather than its power flow, in this case the time margin of temperature rising under each serious contingency can be provided to operators as warning information and some unnecessary security control can also be avoided. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to testify the validity of the proposed approach.

Synthesis of Ti₃SiC₂-Bicarbide Based Ceramic by Electro-Thermal Explosion

A polycrystalline dense Ti3SiC2 based ceramic material has been produced by several techniques. The effect of addition of TiC and SiC is also studied. The Ti3SiC2 material shows extraordinary electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. Furthermore, it shows a damage tolerance capability and oxidation resistance. In this work, we have synthesized Ti3SiC2 by electro-thermal explosion chemical reaction (ETE) with high current density (900 Amperes/a.u) followed by uniaxial pressure. The structural properties of the as-prepared materials are studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. The chemical cartography, imaging and electronic properties are investigated using Ultra-STEM and electron high energy loss resolution spectroscopy (EELS) techniques, respectively. The surface of Ti3SiC2 is characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). High resolution C 1s, Si 2p, Ti 2p, Ti 3s core level spectra are explained in terms of crystallographic and electronic structure. Valence band spectrum is performed to confirm the validity of the theoretical calculations.

Spark plasma sintering ofα/β-SiAlON ceramic end mill rods:Electro-thermal simulation,microstructure,mechanical properties,and machining performance

Spark plasma sintering(SPS)is a highly efficient method for the preparation ofα/β-SiAlON ceramics.However,the rapid preparation of large-scaleα/β-SiAlON ceramic components with reliable mechanical properties is difficult via SPS due to their near-insulating properties.In this study,high-performanceα/β-SiAlON ceramic end mill rods with large aspect ratios were successfully prepared via SPS.Two different types of sintering processes(namely vertical-round-rod(VRR)and horizontal-square-rod(HSR)processes)were developed,and their effects on the phase composition,microstructure,mechanical properties,and machining performance of theα/β-SiAlON ceramic end mill rods were studied.The electric and temperature field distributions during sintering were studied through an electro–thermal simulation.The simulated and experimental temperature distributions are in good agreement.In contrast to VRR samples,HSR samples with a small axial size show a uniform temperature distribution and satisfactory microstructures within a certain range of dimensions as well as the expected phase composition;furthermore,elongatedβ-SiAlON grains are preferentially oriented in the direction perpendicular to the sintering pressure direction.As a result,the HSR samples exhibit better mechanical properties and machining performance than the VRR samples.

Space Charge Characteristics of Oil-paper Insulation in the Electro-thermal Aging Process

High electric field and temperatures can result in electrical property degradation of oil-paper insulation and accelerate its aging process.This paper describes the regulation of space charge in the process of electro-thermal aging.Electric field distortion and differences in characteristic parameters during electro-thermal aging are analyzed,along with the effects of electro-thermal aging on space charge from the perspective of trap energy.High temperature and an electric field are used to accelerate the aging of oil-paper,and space charge characteristics are measured using the pulsed electro-acoustic(PEA)method throughout the electro-thermal aging.Based on results obtained,it can be concluded that homo-charge injection occurs at the anode and the type of the charge injection at the cathode varies throughout the electro-thermal aging;the decrease of permittivity during aging allows for space charge injection to take place;growth of trap depth makes the space charge accumulate in the middle of the sample;and space charge accumulation after electro-thermal aging results in inner electric field distortion,which leads to large current and decreased breakdown in voltages.

Assembly of carbon nanodots in graphene-based composite for flexible electro-thermal heater with ultrahigh efficiency

A high-efficiency electro-thermal heater requires simultaneously high electrical and thermal conductivities to generate and dissipate Joule heat efficiently.A low in put voltage is essential to en sure the heaters safe applications.However,the low voltage gen erally leads to low saturated temperature and heati ng rate and hence a low thermal efficie ncy.How to reduce the in put voltage while maintai ning a high electro-thermal efficiency is still a challenge.Herein,a highly electrical and thermal conductive film was 8nstructed using a graphene-based composite which has an internal three-dimensional(3D)conductive network.In the 3D framework,cellulose nanocrystalline(CNC)phase with chiral liquid crystal manner presents in the form of alig ned helix betwee n the graphe ne oxide(GO)layers.Carbon nano dots(CDs)are assembled泊side the composite as con ductive nano fillers.Subseque nt an neali ng and compressi on results in the formati on of the assembled GO-CNC-CDs film.The carb on ized CNC nano rods(CNR)with the helical alignment act as irrplane and through-pla ne conn ecti ons of n eighbori ng reduced GO(rGO)nano sheets,forming a con ductive network in the composite film.The CDs with ultrafast electr ons tran sfer rates provide additi onal electro ns and phonons tran sport paths for the composite.As a result,the obtai ned graphe ne?based composite film(rGO-CNR-CDs)exhibited a high thermal conductivity of 1,978.6 W m^-1·K^-1 and electrical conductivity of 2,053.4 S·cm^-1,respectively.The composite film showed an outstanding electro-thermal heating efficiency with the saturated temperature of 315℃and maximum heating rate of 44.9℃·s^-1 at a very low in put voltage of 10 V.The freestandi ng graphe ne composite film with the delicate nano structure desig n has a great pote ntial to be integrated into electro-thermal devices.

电缆终端应力锥错位缺陷对界面温度及应力分布的影响

电缆终端内部缺陷会造成终端内部电场分布不均、局部温度升高与应力分布变化,可能引发局部放电造成绝缘击穿。为研究终端应力锥错位缺陷对电缆界面温度及应力分布的影响,分别建立了电缆终端安装不足与安装过盈情况下的电缆终端错位缺陷模型,并进行电-热-力多物理场耦合仿真分析。结果表明:电缆终端绝缘屏蔽层截断处是电缆终端的薄弱部位,终端界面温度和界面压力都会在绝缘屏蔽层截断处发生突变。当电缆终端存在安装不足缺陷时,终端屏蔽层截断处与应力锥根部之间会出现电场升高区域,在安装位置为-7.5 mm时界面温度最高,绝缘界面压力值升高,且安装位置为-2.5mm时绝缘承受的压力值最大;当电缆终端存在安装过盈缺陷时,绝缘屏蔽层截断处会发生电场畸变,电场突变量随着偏移量的增加而增大,在安装位置为+5.0mm时绝缘界面压力值最大,且界面压力突变量增加发生畸变。因此,在电缆终端实际设计安装与运行维护中,额外注意应力锥错位缺陷对终端内部应力分布的影响十分必要。

电渗热固结处理顶管废弃泥浆的减量化研究

针对顶管废弃泥浆渗透性差、含水率高、承载力低等特点,采用电渗热固结法对其进行减量化研究,并探究不同温度条件下电渗热固结的处理效果。选取EKG电极板作为电极,分析在40℃、60℃、80℃等不同加热温度下,泥浆固化过程中的排水量、排水速率、温度、电流等参数的变化趋势,对比电渗热固结前后泥浆的物理力学特性变化。结果表明:电渗热固结能够有效促进泥浆的排水,提高固结效率,降低含水率,增强固化泥浆的承载力和抗剪强度;在其加热到一定程度时,裂缝进展过快,泥浆导电性减弱,加热效率降低,且加热的温度越高,加热效率越低;电渗热固结对顶管废弃泥浆减量化应用具有一定的有效性与可行性。本文的研究成果可为其实际工程应用提供借鉴与参考。

A study on temperature monitoring method for inverter IGBT based on memory recurrent neural network

The power module of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor(IGBT)is the core component of the traction transmission system of high-speed trains.The module's junction temperature is a critical factor in determining device reliability.Existing temperature monitoring methods based on the electro-thermal coupling model have limitations,such as ignoring device interactions and high computational complexity.To address these issues,an analysis of the parameters influencing IGBT failure is conducted,and a temperature monitoring method based on the Macro-Micro Attention Long Short-Term Memory(MMALSTM)recursive neural network is proposed,which takes the forward voltage drop and collector current as features.Compared with the traditional electricalthermal coupling model method,it requires fewer monitoring parameters and eliminates the complex loss calculation and equivalent thermal resistance network establishment process.The simulation model of a highspeed train traction system has been established to explore the accuracy and efficiency of MMALSTM-based prediction methods for IGBT power module junction temperature.The simulation outcomes,which deviate only 3.2% from the theoretical calculation results of the electric-thermal coupling model,confirm the reliability of this approach for predicting the temperature of IGBT power modules.

硅基三维异构集成射频微系统的多物理场耦合仿真与设计

利用硅基三维异构集成工艺设计一款射频微系统,以满足设备对射频模组高性能、小型化的需求。为了在设计初期充分评估该微系统的潜在可靠性风险,根据工艺特征以及产品在多物理场中的耦合现象,建立一种面向硅基三维异构集成工艺射频微系统的多物理场一体化仿真流程,逐一分析所涉及的电-热耦合和热-力耦合过程,预判产品在工作条件下的热学和力学特性,为设计环节提供针对性的指导,预先规避可靠性风险,从而有效提高一次性设计成功率。

基于去离子水冷却±800 kV换流变压器阀侧套管的冷却效果和参数的影响

随着我国±800 kV大容量特高压直流输电的快速发展,环氧树脂套管的过热问题备受关注。基于去离子水冷却,该文将环氧树脂套管的水道结构由多管道式改进为一体化结构。采用三维电-热-流场耦合分析方法,考虑热传导和热对流的影响,模拟了换流变压器阀侧套管的温度场分布。通过与温升实验数据对比,仿真结果与实验结果的误差在3.99%以内,验证了该套管模型设计的合理性。与去离子水冷却的多管道式套管相比,改进后的±800 kV去离子水冷却一体化套管的载流导体外表面的最高温度更低且环氧树脂内表面的温差更小,结果表明该套管的去离子水冷却效果极强。研究了水道尺寸、流量和入口水温对去离子水冷却一体化套管温度分布的影响,结果表明该套管的温度分布主要由入口水温和流量控制,将去离子水的流量设置为10 L/min时几乎可以带走套管产生的全部热量,且入口水温越低冷却效果越好。分析结果可用于去离子水冷却±800 kV环氧树脂套管的结构优化与设计。