Safety and feasibility of enhanced recovery after surgery-based management model for ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures

BACKGROUND There is still some room for optimizing ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures,and the preoperative and postoperative management quality for pediatric patients needs to be improved.AIM To discuss the safety and feasibility of the enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)-based management model for ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures.METHODS We selected 320 pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery from June 2023 to January 2024 at The First People’s Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture.Of these,220 received ERAS-based management(research group)and 100 received routine management(control group).General information,postoperative ambulation activities,surgical outcomes(operation time,postoperative gastro-intestinal ventilation time,and hospital stay),postoperative pain visual analogue scale,postoperative complications(incision infection,abdominal distension,fever,nausea,and vomiting),and family satisfaction were compared.RESULTS The general information of the research group(sex,age,disease type,single parent,family history,etc.)was comparable to that of the control group(P>0.05),but the rate of postoperative(2 h,4 h,and 6 h after surgery)ambulation activities was statistically higher(P<0.01),and operation time,postoperative gastrointestinal ventilation time,and hospital stay were markedly shorter(P<0.05).The research group had lower visual analogue scale scores(P<0.01)at 12 h and 24 h after surgery and a lower incidence of total postoperative complications than the control group(P=0.001).The research group had higher family satisfaction than the control group(P=0.007).CONCLUSION The ERAS-based management model was safe and feasible in ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures and worthy of clinical promotion.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis telemonitoring and education:A scoping review

The risk of peritonitis complications in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD)can be prevented or reduced by providing proper education and continuous monitoring.Telemedicine and telemonitoring are methods that enable remote monitoring and patient care.This study aimed to determine the success and factors affecting telemonitoring in CAPD patient care.This study is a scoping review(ScR)using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-ScR method.Article searches were carried out on ProQuest,PubMed,and ScienceDirect with a time range of 2018-2023.Data extraction was performed regarding knowledge level,quality of life,clinical outcomes(peritonitis),and risk of hospitalization.Of the 12 articles and studies included,6 articles were related to the effect of telemonitoring on CAPD patient outcomes,and 6 articles were associated with the effect of education on CAPD patient outcomes.Education provided to patients can improve patient understanding of therapeutic modalities for renal disorders,reduce the potential for peritonitis and dialysis complications,and improve the quality of life of patients with CAPD.CAPD patients who received telemonitoring had a better quality of life,good clinical outcomes,and a lower risk of hospitalization than those who did not receive telemonitoring and had fewer health-care visits.In summary,the implementation of telemonitoring and education in chronic kidney disease patients with CAPD modality therapy has been proven effective in improving quality of life and reducing dialysis-related risks.

CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF EARLY POSTINFARCTION ISCHEMIA BY AMBULATORY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC MONITORING

Objective:To study clinical significance of early postinfarctionischemia by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring(AEM).Methods:There were 64 petients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).43 males,21 females,with a mean age of 61 years.Among of them,31 were anteriormyocardial infarction(MI),26 were inferior HI,7 were HI with botbanterior and inferior,All patlents were contintinueouslyonitored for5-12 days,The judging criteria were①ST segment depressed≥0.1andlasted for≥1 minute②The time interval between two ischemia attacks】1 minute.Results:Of all patients,46 showed postinfarction ischemia(PII)(72%),17 of them with symptom of postinfarction angina(PIA)(37%),29 of them without any symptom(63%).The incidence of PII within a weekafter infarction is 83%.These patients’incidence of arrhythimia,heartfallure,and cardiogenic shock are 90.24%,68.29%,and 19.51% respective-ly,which are much higher than that of those without PII attack.Discussion:The occurrence of PIA indicates relapsing myocardialischemia,and coronary angiography has confirmed a great degree ofstenosis with coronary artery.The exist of PII is one of theIndependent dan factors of bad prognosis of coronary heartdisease.It has been confirmed by other articles that ischemis mayexist whether PIA occurs or not,and the ircidence of ischemia withoutsymptom is higher,having the same result with this one.The depressionof ST segment can sensltively show ischemia So we must pay attentionto the change of ST segment in early stage of AMI.By AEM,we can findthat PII has different appearances and incidence with differentinfarction position and infarction range,and its occurrence has timedistribution,part of them are related to the activities of patients.Ischemia occurs more frequently in patients with anterior HI thanthose with inferior MI.The more extensive infarction,the higherincidence of ischemia,and the incidence of all kinds of complicationsand the mortality rate are higher in those with PII than those withoutit.Weiner D.A etc.also had similar reports.So we must strengthen themonitoring to the patients with PII to lay out individual cure planaccording to different attack characteristics,when necessary,we shouldtake coronary angiography to make PTCA or CABG.

Acceptability of Ambulatory Surgical Services and Its Predictors among Residents of Budondo Sub-County—Jinja District, Uganda

Background: 25% of all people requiring surgical care are not able to access it due to its high cost. These people stand a high risk of preventable severe morbidity and mortality due to poor prognosis of surgically correctable illnesses. Ambulatory surgical care services are significantly cheaper than orthodox surgical care and have become very relevant in this time and age where health conditions that can only be treated with surgical intervention are on the rise. The acceptability of ambulatory surgical care services will determine how this model increases universal health coverage. Objective: To assess the acceptability of ambulatory surgical services and its predictors among residents of Budondo Sub-County—Jinja district. Methods: The study was cross-sectional targeting 371 household heads in Budondo Sub-County, which was stratified by parish, with villages in each randomly sampled. Systematic random sampling was used to sample households and households therein were purposively sampled. Structured interviews and questionnaires were the data collection techniques, and data was analyzed in SPSS version 25 using descriptive statistics and a binomial logit model. Results: The level of acceptability of ambulatory surgical care services among residents of Budondo Sub-County was found to be near-universal, at 96.5%. The odds of accepting ambulatory surgical care were least among household heads who agreed that surgery done in a hospital would be cheaper than surgery done at community level (aOR = 0.174 [CI = 0.055 - 0.553]), those who had health insurance (aOR = 0.105 [95% CI = 0.030 - 0.371]), and household heads who were covered with private health insurance (aOR = 0.078 [95% CI = 0.008 - 0.792]). Acceptability of ASC was higher among household heads who agreed that they would trust ambulatory surgical centers with their life were more likely to accept ambulatory surgical care (aOR = 1.124, [95% CI = 1.122 - 3.218], P = 0.000), and household heads from households that had less than five members with surgery history were twice as likely to accept ambulatory surgical care (aOR = 2.431 [95% CI = 1.122 - 5.898], P = 0.000). Conclusion: Acceptability of ambulatory surgical care services among residents of Budondo Sub-County is high, and near-universal. It is mainly predicted by intrapersonal correlates and to a small extent by socio-demographic characteristics, with the implication that the administration of Global Surgical Initiatives in Kyabirwa ought to focus on modifying or uphold the intrapersonal characteristics found to be antagonists and protagonists of acceptability, respectively.

Clinical and Therapeutic Evaluation of Hypertensives According to the Practice of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (ABPM) at the Bel Air International Clinic in Conakry from January 1, 2019 to November 30, 2022

Introduction: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (ABPM) is a non- invasive examination recommended for subjects at high cardiovascular risk, and those requiring a nocturnal drop in BP such as elderly and obese subjects, those with secondary hypertension or resistant, diabetics, subjects with metabolic syndrome or sleep apnea syndrome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of ABPM in the diagnosis and evaluation of the level of control of hypertension under treatment at the Bel Air international clinic. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study, carried out at the Bel Air International Clinic in Conakry (Guinea) between January 2019 and November 30, 2022. It included a consecutive series of 180 consenting patients recruited through an ambulatory measurement of 24-hour blood pressure from a FUGADA brand device. Results: We collected 180 patients, with a male predominance (sex-ratio M/F = 2.46). The mean age of the patients was 48.48 ± 14.23 years. The most represented age group was that of 32 to 42 years with 50 cases (27.8%) followed by that of 43 to 52 years with 42 cases or 23.3%. The indication was for diagnostic purposes in 106 cases 58.9%, the therapeutic evaluation in 58 patients (32.2%). The examination was prescribed by a cardiologist in 98 cases (54.4%), a general practitioner in 71 cases (39.4%), a neurologist in 11 cases (6.1%). In the therapeutic evaluation, high blood pressure was controlled in 24 patients (13.3%) and uncontrolled in 34 cases (18.9%). In the diagnostic indication, high blood pressure was confirmed in 79 cases (43.9%) with a statistically significant link (Chi2 = 4.57 and p-value = 0.032). The nycthemeral mean was 187.27 ± 26.22 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 110.37 ± 19.06 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), during the day, 151.64 ± 21.45 mmHg for SBP and 71.59 ± 8.67 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. During the study 65 patients (36.1%) were identified as dippers and 115 patients (63.9%) were no-dipping. The antihypertensive protocol used was monotherapy in 68 cases (37.8%), dual therapy in 46 cases (25.6%), triple therapy in 17 cases (9.4%). However 39 patients or 21.7% were not taking any antihypertensive. Conclusion: This preliminary study, despite the modest sample size, showed the importance of ABPM as a tool for diagnosis, monitoring of hypertensive patients and therapeutic adaptation. A large-scale national study would be necessary for the rational use of ambulatory blood pressure measurement in our context in order to improve the management of hypertensive patients.

基于CIPP模型的全科基层实践基地指导医师门诊教学能力提升项目评价研究

背景基层实践基地指导医师的门诊教学能力是关系到全科住院医师规范化培训质量的重要因素。近年来,国内多个地区开展了社区全科师资培训项目,但缺少采用综合方法评价项目实施情况的相关研究。目的探明浙江大学医学院附属第二医院“分层督导式教学门诊”培训项目的实施现状与阻碍因素,为制定问题导向的应对策略提供理论参考和策略支持。方法2021年10月—2022年1月,基于CIPP模型,使用内容分析法、专家会议法、深度访谈法、专家评分法、问卷调查法等多种研究方法,从背景、输入、过程和成果4个方面对浙江大学医学院附属第二医院全科医学科“分层督导式教学门诊”培训项目的实施情况进行系统评估。结果政策文件分析和文献回顾结果表明,社区师资培训是受到国家卫生政策大力支持的医疗人才培养计划,且目前在国内已有广泛的实践基础。浙江大学医学院附属第二医院全科医学科“分层督导式教学门诊”培训制度基本涵盖了社区全科师资培训的内容和过程规范,基层实践基地制定的考核和激励制度缺乏实施细则,2021年5月—2022年1月,10名基层指导医师共完成了57人次社区教学门诊,每人参加4~7轮次,人均门诊教学能力评价得分从第1轮次的(78.6±5.7)分提升至第7轮次的(87.8±4.5)分。基层指导医师和全科住院医师对“教学场地与设备”“培训形式”“培训内容”及“培训效果”的满意度均超过90%,但基层指导医师对“教学激励制度”的满意度仅为20%。参与项目培训的受访者反映目前存在的主要阻碍因素是“教学相关激励制度不健全”“教学门诊患者招募困难”与“培训内容适用性不足”。结论“分层督导式教学门诊”培训项目初期取得了较为理想的结果,但仍有较大的提升空间,在下一阶段的培训中需要结合基层实践基地的实际情况制定相应的策略,以持续地改进培训质量。

门急诊服务敏感疾病住院:概念、识别及政策启示

门急诊服务(包括基层医疗卫生机构、医院和其他医疗卫生机构的门诊和急诊服务)的可及性和质量决定了卫生服务系统的整体运行效率和居民健康,同时门急诊服务也是老龄化社会中持续性服务的核心组成部分。美国学者于20世纪90年代提出门急诊服务敏感疾病(ACSCs)的概念,此后,门急诊服务敏感疾病住院(ACSH)被广泛应用于评价门急诊服务的可及性和质量。近年来,有关ACSH的研究逐渐受到各国学者的关注与重视,我国的初步研究证据也显示该问题不应被忽视。本文首先介绍ACSH的概念缘起,然后对ACSH、可避免住院、不合理入院等目前学界尚在混用的概念进行辨析,并系统梳理国际上ACSH的前沿识别标准,最后结合国内外研究进展讨论ACSH这一指标的政策价值,明确识别我国ACSCs应注意的问题,并提出减少ACSH的策略建议。

医疗机构日间手术开展及规范化管理现况调查

目的:通过对医疗机构日间手术开展情况进行调查,了解日间手术开展及管理现状,为我国医疗机构日间手术建设、规范化管理等提供参考。方法:基于文献研究自行研究设计问卷条目,通过专家咨询形成调查问卷,对我国医疗机构的日间手术开展的机构、科室及病种,管理模式、限制因素、指标监测等进行问卷调查和数据分析。结果:在380所开展日间手术的医疗机构中,有96所(25.3%)是中国日间手术合作联盟机构,196所(51.6%)医院将≤24 h住院时间手术定义为日间手术,184所(48.4%)医院则将≤48 h住院时间手术定义为日间手术。日间手术开展涉及15个临床专科,普外科(275个,占72.4%)是开展最多的专科;开展日间手术最多的专科数量是3个(13.9%);排前5位疾病是白内障(36.3%)、乳房肿物(35.0%)、腹股沟疝(21.6%)、体表肿物(18.9%)和宫腔肿物(13.7%);在管理模式中,45.5%(173所)的医疗机构采用混合模式管理,41.8%(159所)采用分散管理。在7项日间手术安全质量控制评价指标中,日间手术7天内非计划性再入院率(97.1%)、手术30天内非计划再入院率(96.8%)和日间手术后30天内死亡例数(96.8%)的指标检出率在96.0%以上,剩余指标检出率相对较低。限制日间手术开展的前3位因素是日间手术风险高(60.3%)、医院决策层支持力度低(44.2%)和绩效考核分配不合理(43.2%)。结论:日间手术开展专科数量少、病种简单、质量控制薄弱、管理模式模糊、安全保障有待改进,极大阻碍了日间手术发展。未来在大力推进日间手术过程中,应加强医疗机构的临床集中管理、日间手术制度建设和质量安全评价指标督查,构建安全、同质、科学的日间手术诊疗环境,不断提高日间手术技术水平与服务能力。

心电散点图解析策略之向量平移法

向量平移法是在充分了解Lorenz散点图与差值散点图的作图原理及其内在联系的基础上,派生出来的两图合参的分析方法,体现了Lorenz散点图与差值散点图的优势互补关系。向量平移法不仅适用于二维Lorenz散点图与二维差值散点图的综合分析,也适用于三维Lorenz散点图与三维差值散点图的综合分析。有向临界连通图是闭合的向量环,表明差值散点图满足向量守恒定律;正确标注有向临界连通图是向量平移的前提。疑难复杂病例的散点图分型复杂、规律性较隐蔽,利用两图合参的向量平移法能够充分揭示心电大数据的内在规律,特别是差值散点图特征点集互不重叠,能更好地实现编辑、选图等分析操作,使快速准确地分析疑难复杂动态心电图成为可能。

急性左主干完全闭塞与次全闭塞的心电图特点和院内死亡因素的分析

目的探讨左主干完全闭塞与次全闭塞的心电图特点差异,并对该类患者院内死亡因素进行分析。方法纳入94例左主干完全闭塞患者(完全闭塞组)和99例左主干次全闭塞患者(次全闭塞组),比较其心电图特点、冠状动脉造影和其他临床资料差异,并对患者的院内死亡因素进行分析。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析心电图特点对左主干完全闭塞患者院内死亡风险的预测价值。分析左主干完全闭塞患者心电图特点与休克和侧支循环的关系。结果与次全闭塞组比较,完全闭塞组Ⅰ、avL、V2—V5导联ST段抬高,avR+avL导联ST段抬高,左前分支传导阻滞、左前分支+右束支传导阻滞比例升高,QRS时限延长,而avR导联ST段抬高和avR+V1导联ST段抬高比例降低(P<0.01)。avR+avL导联ST段抬高预测左主干完全闭塞特异度为0.97,左前分支+右束支阻滞预测左主干完全闭塞特异度为1.00。完全闭塞组院内死亡率为46.8%(44/94),次全闭塞组院内死亡率为14.1%(14/99)。在左主干完全闭塞患者中,Ⅰ、avL、V2—V5导联ST段抬高,QRS时限,休克,无侧支循环,Ⅰ、avL、V2—V5导联ST段抬高合并左前分支+右束支阻滞,Ⅰ、avL、V2—V5导联ST段抬高合并休克对于院内死亡有一定预测价值,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.716、0.619、0.766、0.688、0.572、0.785;Ⅰ、avL、V2—V5导联ST段抬高合并休克诊断特异度为0.82,敏感度为0.75。Ⅰ、avL、V2—V5导联ST段抬高合并左前分支+右束支阻滞预测完全闭塞患者院内死亡特异度为0.94。在急性左主干完全闭塞中,Ⅰ、avL、V2—V5导联ST段抬高,左前分支+右束支阻滞和无侧支循环患者中休克比例较高(P<0.05)。完全闭塞患者中,Ⅰ、avL、V2—V5导联ST段抬高患者未建立侧支循环,avR导联(包含avR+V1导联)ST段抬高患者中82.4%存在右冠状动脉侧支循环供应前降支+回旋支范围。而在avR+avL导联ST段抬高患者中69.2%存在右冠状动脉侧支循环供应前降支+回旋支范围。结论左主干完全闭塞与次全闭塞具有不同的心电图特点,左主干完全闭塞的心电图特征可预测院内死亡风险。

持续非卧床腹膜透析患者自我管理能力现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者的自我管理能力现状并分析其影响因素。方法 采用方便抽样法,选取2023年1月至4月于西安交通大学第二附属医院透析室完成CAPD患者159例为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、CAPD患者自我管理量表进行调查,采用单因素及多元线性回归分析CAPD患者自我管理能力的影响因素。结果 CAPD患者自我管理能力总分为(53.78±14.79)分。不同年龄、文化程度、职业、家庭月收入、居住地、透析龄、每日透析袋数、寻求医护帮助次数、发生过腹膜炎和出口处感染、擅自用药和停药的CAPD患者自我管理能力得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入、透析龄、寻求医护帮助次数、发生过腹膜炎为CAPD患者自我管理能力的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 CAPD患者的自我管理水平还有待提高,医护人员应采用适合实际情况的措施干预其影响因素,不断提高患者的自我管理能力。

腔内心电图技术在肿瘤化疗患者上臂植入式输液港中的运用

目的 探讨腔内心电图技术在肿瘤化疗患者上臂植入式输液港中的应用价值,为后续开展相关临床操作提供参考。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年11月在长沙市某三级甲等医院肿瘤科化疗的患者240例为研究对象,按照组间基线资料均衡可比的原则分为对照组和观察组,每组120例。对照组在超声引导下置入中心静脉导管,根据体外测量法估算导管长度后行X线检测确认导管尖端位置,由医生在上臂皮下埋入输液港。观察组在超声引导下置入中心静脉导管后,应用腔内心电图根据P波的变化确认定位导管尖端位置,由医生在上臂皮下埋入输液港。观察两组患者置港成功时间、维护时间以及置管费用、置港舒适度和置管并发症。结果 观察组患者置港成功时间、维护时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者置管费用少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者在置港过程中对简单活动的影响程度及疼痛程度评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者置管并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 相比较X线摄片的优势,腔内心电图技术可有效辅助植入上臂输液港,减少置港成功时间、维护时间及置港费用,提升患者的舒适度,降低并发症发生率,此方法简单易行、治疗成本低、安全性高。

老年高血压患者动态血压特点及其影响因素

目的观察老年高血压患者动态血压的特点,探讨老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至6月山西白求恩医院高血压门诊收治的符合条件的296例老年高血压患者(年龄≥60岁)的临床资料。根据血压昼夜节律将患者分为杓型组(56例)、非杓型组(134例)和反杓型组(106例)。收集患者一般资料,完善24 h动态血压监测、动脉硬化监测、24 h尿电解质及24 h尿微量白蛋白检测。采用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,分别采用单因素方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis H检验或χ^(2)检验进行组间比较。采用二分类logistic回归分析血压昼夜节律的影响因素。结果血压昼夜节律异常(非杓型组和反杓型血压组)患者比例明显高于血压节律正常(杓型组)患者比例(81.1%和18.9%);杓型组患者年龄低于非杓型组和反杓型组[68.00(65.00,70.00)和70.00(68.00,73.00),71.00(69.00,74.00)岁];杓型组吸烟比例明显低于非杓型组和反杓型组(7.1%和39.6%,47.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。杓型组、非杓型组和反杓型组夜间血压下降率依次递减[12.40%(10.70%,14.78%)、3.70%(1.58%,5.83%)和-4.50%(-8.00%,-2.30%)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。反杓型组右肱-踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)高于非杓型组、杓型组[(1851.57±215.87)和(1747.81±244.65),(1687.00±201.61)cm/s];反杓型组左baPWV高于非杓型组、杓型组[(1869.13±232.15)和(1758.57±259.18),(1692.25±205.34)cm/s],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。反杓型组24 h尿钠低于杓型组[83.00(59.00,114.75)和102.50(84.00,126.75)mmol/24 h];24 h尿微量白蛋白高于杓型组[48.25(36.33,61.64)和41.09(32.00,48.94)mg/24 h],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二分类logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR=1.328,95%CI 1.178~1.496;P<0.001)和吸烟史(OR=14.953,95%CI 4.706~47.511;P<0.001)是老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律的独立危险因素;24 h尿钠(OR=0.988,95%CI 0.979~0.998;P=0.021)是老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律的独立保护因素。结论老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律异常发生率明显增高;年龄、吸烟史是老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律的独立危险因素,24 h尿钠是老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律的独立保护因素。

不同艾司氯胺酮给药方案在学龄前儿童泌尿外科日间手术中的应用

目的研究不同艾司氯胺酮给药方案在学龄前儿童泌尿外科日间手术中的麻醉管理及术后疼痛的影响。方法选取广东省妇幼保健院2022-06/2023-01期间计划在气管插管全身麻醉下进行择期泌尿外科日间手术的患儿60例,年龄2~6岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为对照组(C组,n=20);艾司氯胺酮0.3 mg/kg组(MK组,n=20);艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg组(HK组,n=20)。术中吸入1.3 MAC七氟醚维持麻醉,记录入室后(T_(0))、麻醉诱导后3 min(T_(1))、手术切皮时(T_(2))、手术开始后10 min(T_(3))、拔出喉罩时(T_(4))的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)。记录麻醉时间、手术时间及麻醉拔管时间、麻醉恢复室(PACU)停留时间。记录拔出喉罩后5 min(T_(5))、1 h(T_(6))、24 h(T 7)的疼痛评分和镇静评分情况,记录术后不良反应发生情况,记录术中及PACU舒芬太尼的追加剂量和追加次数。结果在T_(1)时间点,MK组和HK组的MAP较C组有统计学意义(P<0.05),在T_(5)和T_(6)时间点,MK组和HK组镇痛评分低于C组(P<0.05);HK组镇静评分高于C组和MK组(P<0.05);MK组和HK组舒芬太尼在术中及PACU追加剂量低于C组(P<0.05);与C组、MK组比较,HK组会明显延长拔管时间和在PACU的停留时间(P<0.05);HK组术后头晕的发生率高于C组和MK组(P<0.05);在舒芬太尼的追加次数上,C组明显高于MK和HK组(P<0.05)。结论艾司氯胺酮0.3 mg/kg静脉诱导可以降低学龄前患儿泌尿外科日间手术舒芬太尼的使用量,并能维持较稳定的血流动力学水平,减轻术中和术后的疼痛,获得更加满意的镇静效果,且不会增加拔管时间、复苏时长及术后不良反应等。

快速康复外科理念下日间手术的麻醉与围术期质量控制

日间手术模式是一种加速康复理念下的手术诊疗康复体系,我国的日间手术正处于高速发展状态中,日间手术医疗质量管理也越来越受到重视。本文围绕日间手术的围术期管理进行了阐述,从患者选择、手术麻醉选择、术中管理、术后镇痛、术后恶心呕吐管理和出院随访等方面探讨了日间手术的管理细节,旨在建立统一的日间手术麻醉质量管理模式、进行全面的质量改进,为临床日间手术管理提供更恰当的日间手术管理方法,才能更好地促进日间手术的健康、快速、高效的发展。

H型高血压合并冠心病患者24h动态血压变异系数及乳酸脱氢酶水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性

目的 探究H型高血压合并冠心病患者24 h动态血压变异系数及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性。方法 对40例H型高血压合并冠心病患者进行冠状动脉造影检查,以Gensini积分表示冠状动脉粥样硬化病变严重程度,以酶联免疫吸附法检测患者LDH水平,监测患者24 h动态血压,计算24 h动态血压变异系数。比较不同冠状动脉病变程度患者24 h动态血压变异系数及LDH水平。24 h动态血压变异系数及LDH水平与动脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性采用Pearson相关分析,对重度冠状动脉粥样硬化的影响因素行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 入组冠状动脉粥样硬化轻度病变患者12例,中度和重度病变患者各14例。重度及中度病变患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、LDH水平及24 h血压变异系数均高于轻度病变患者(P<0.01),重度病变患者血清Hcy、LDH水平及24 h血压变异系数均高于中度病变患者(P<0.01)。Pearson相关分析显示,血压变异系数、LDH水平与Gensini积分均呈正相关(P<0.05或0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,24h血压变异系数(OR=1.326,95%CI为1.040~1.691,P<0.05)及LDH水平(OR=1.311,95%CI为1.048~1.639,P<0.05)为重度冠状动脉粥样硬化发生的危险因素。结论 H型高血压合并冠心病患者24 h动态血压变异系数及LDH水平较高,且可能与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度加重有关。

医院日间手术中心及其建设标准的发展

回顾了国内外日间手术中心及其建设标准的发展历程。结合我国日间手术中心的特点,参照国外的相关标准以及我国多年来日间手术室建设的经验教训,阐述了我国颁布的《日间手术中心设施建设标准》中的新成果、新措施,详细介绍了日间手术中心的管理模式、医疗流程与布局以及医疗环境控制。

双心门诊建设规范中国专家共识

临床上,心血管疾病患者广泛存在精神心理问题,两者相互影响,加重疾病状态。双心医学是一门由心脏病学和心理学交叉并综合形成的学科,强调关注心血管疾病的同时关注患者的精神心理状态。中华医学会心身医学分会双心学组的专家们经查阅文献、开展研讨,制定了《双心门诊建设规范中国专家共识》,以完善并提高我国双心医学诊治能力,推动各级医疗机构开设双心门诊,不断健全我国双心医疗服务体系。

抗结核药物所致QTc间期延长临床监测和管理专家共识

贝达喹啉、德拉马尼、氯法齐明及氟喹诺酮类药物(如左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星)对于提高耐多药和广泛耐药结核病的治疗成功率至关重要。然而,这些药物可能导致心电图的QTc间期延长,若不及时发现和处理,严重者可危及患者生命。因此,临床医师需要采取积极措施进行预防、监测和妥善处理。本共识旨在解决抗结核药物引发的QTc间期延长的临床监测和管理问题。依托公开发表的研究数据,以及参与专家的应用经验,经过深入的讨论,形成了关于抗结核药物导致的QTc间期延长的临床监测和管理的专业建议。希望本共识能够指导医生及时和规范地预防、发现、处理抗结核治疗过程中可能出现的QTc间期延长的不良反应。

老年人群血压变异性与无症状性未破裂颅内动脉瘤直径的相关性研究

目的探讨老年患者血压变异性与无症状性未破裂颅内动脉瘤直径的关系。方法回顾性分析2021年1月1日至2022年12月31日于北京老年医院神经内科住院经脑血管造影确诊为无症状颅内未破裂动脉瘤(UIA),并完成24小时动态血压监测(24h ABPM)的老年患者83例。比较两组的一般资料与24h ABPM参数,采用Spearman相关性分析探讨24h ABPM参数与动脉瘤直径的相关性,并采用多元Logistic回归分析探讨老年颅内未破裂动脉瘤直径的独立影响因素。结果两组患者相比,目前吸烟、高血压病程、血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平之间存在统计学差异(P<0.05),其中大动脉瘤组患者目前吸烟比例更高,高血压病程更久,血清HCY、hs-CRP水平更高。大动脉瘤组24小时收缩压标准差(24hSSD)、24小时舒张压标准差(24hDSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)、夜间舒张压标准差(nDSD)高于小动脉瘤组,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Spearman相关性分析显示24hSSD、24hDSD、nSSD、nDSD与动脉瘤直径呈正相关(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示目前吸烟、高血压病程、24hDSD是动脉瘤直径大小的影响因素。结论大动脉瘤的老年患者高血压病程更长、血压变异性(BPV)更高。舒张压标准差对预测动脉瘤增长有一定的意义。