Circuit quantum electrodynamics with a quadruple quantum dot

In this theoretical work,we describe a mechanism for the coupling between a plane structure consisting of four quantum dots and a resonator.We systematically study the dependence of the quadruple coupling strength and the qubit decoherence rate and point out the optimized operating position of the hybrid system.According to the transmission given by the input-output theory,the signatures in the resonator spectrum are predicted.Furthermore,based on the parameters already achieved in previous works,we prove that the device described in this paper can achieve the strong coupling limit,i.e.,this approach can be used for system extension under the existing technical conditions.Our results show an effective and promotable approach to couple quantum dot structures in plane with the resonator and propose a meaningful extension method.

Shadow thermodynamics of AdS black hole with the nonlinear electrodynamics term

We creatively employ the shadow radius to study the thermodynamics of a charged Ad S black hole with a nonlinear electrodynamics(NLED)term.First,the connection between the shadow radius and event horizon is constructed with the aid of the geodesic analysis.It turns out that the black hole shadow radius shows a positive correlation as a function of the event horizon radius.Then in the shadow context,we find that the black hole temperature and heat capacity can be presented by the shadow radius.Further analysis shows that the shadow radius can work similarly to the event horizon in revealing black hole phase transition process.In this sense,we construct the thermal profile of the charged Ad S black hole with inclusion of the NLED effect.In the P<Pc case,it is found that the N-type trend of the temperature given by the shadow radius is always consistent with that obtained by using the event horizon.Thus,we can conclude for the charged Ad S black hole that the phase transition process can be intuitively presented as the thermal profile in the shadow context.Finally,the effects of NLED are carefully analyzed.

Hints of the Photonic Nature of the Electromagnetic Fields in Classical Electrodynamics

Several recent publications show that the electromagnetic radiation generated by transmitting antennas satisfy the following universal conditions: The time domain radiation fields satisfy the condition A ≥ h/4π &Rightarrow;q ≥ e where A is the action of the radiation field, which is defined as the product of the radiated energy and the duration of the radiation, h is the Planck constant, e is the electronic charge and q is the charge associated with the radiating system. The frequency domain radiation fields satisfy the condition U ≥ hv &Rightarrow;q ≥ e where U is the energy radiated in a single burst of radiation of duration T/2 and v is the frequency of oscillation. The goal of this paper is to show that these conditions, which indeed are expressions of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic fields, are satisfied not only by the radiation fields generated by physical antennas but also by the radiation fields generated by accelerating or decelerating electric charges. The results presented here together with the results obtained in previous studies show that hints of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic radiation remain hidden in the field equations of classical electrodynamics, and they become apparent when the dimension of the radiating system is pushed to the extreme limits as allowed by nature.

高温超导直线同步电机电磁力仿真与实验研究

无铁芯超导直线同步电机(superconducting linear synchronous motor,SLSM)具有推力密度高、工作气隙大等优势,是超导磁浮列车的动力核心。由于会不可避免地受到弯道、道岔、横风和电源谐波等因素的影响,磁浮列车在运行过程中将发生多自由度运动,使电机次级姿态发生滚转或偏移,致使超导直线电机的电磁力性能发生改变,进而影响列车的运行稳定性。针对多变电机次级姿态下高温超导直线同步电机的三维力特性展开研究,首先分析悬浮车体多自由度运动对直线电机次级姿态的影响,并建立计算SLSM三维电磁力的有限元模型;其次,通过搭建超导同步直线电机样机,实验验证模型的有效性;最后,基于该模型研究无铁芯SLSM次级在发生横向偏移、法向偏移、侧滚、俯仰以及偏航条件下的三维电磁力输出特性及其变化规律,为超导磁浮列车运行性能优化提供了理论依据。

Python可视化技术在电动力学教学中的应用

电动力学是研究电磁场基本规律的理论课程,不仅是理解电磁现象的基础,而且为电子技术和通信工程等应用领域提供了理论支持;但电动力学理论中的抽象概念难以直观理解,数学计算尤其是矢量计算较为复杂。本文探究Python编程语言的可视化技术在电动力学教学中的应用,通过编程计算模拟可视化抽象的电动力学概念和结论,如偶极子辐射、运动点电荷的场等,让学生能直观观察电磁场的变化规律,提升学生对电磁场概念的理解与应用能力,激发学生对电动力学学习的兴趣。

Ga^(28+)离子1s^(2)np(2≤n≤9)Rydberg态的能级结构

利用全实加关联方法构造了Ga^(28+)离子1s^(2)np(2≤n≤9)Rydberg态的波函数,通过Rayleigh-Ritz变分法计算了1s^(2)np Rydberg态的非相对论能级.在此基础上,充分考虑一阶相对论效应、质量极化效应、高阶相对论效应和量子电动力学效应对能级的影响,计算了Ga^(28+)离子1s^(2)np(2≤n≤9)Rydberg态的精细结构劈裂、激发能和电离能.得到的精细结构劈裂符合Rydberg态的变化规律,激发能和电离能结果与现有实验数据也符合得很好,具有较好的精度.

碎片化学习在电动力学教学中的应用

碎片化学习具有灵活度高、针对性强、吸收率高等特点。探讨了碎片化学习在电动力学教学改革中的应用,着重从问题驱动教学和课程思政两方面入手,将电动力学课程中的重难点知识模块化、课程思政元素碎片化,同时开发在线学习平台,提供线上学习资源,实现了“学生的学”和“教师的教”的非时空限制。通过教学实践取得了良好的教学效果,学生对课程的满意度较高。可见,碎片化学习在提高学生学习效率、增强师生交流互动、促进学生个性化发展等方面较传统课堂教学模式更具优势,具有积极的应用价值。

电动力耦合循环井技术修复低渗透含水层污染

提出一种电动力耦合循环井修复技术,以铬酸盐为典型目标污染物,研究该技术对低渗透含水层中地下水污染的修复效果及去除规律.结果表明:电动力耦合循环井技术相比循环井技术,修复半径扩大为原来的1.25倍,修复盲区面积占比从35.56%降为0,污染物的去除率从76.01%提高到了90.56%,相较于电动力修复技术电动力能耗降低了3个数量级,污染物去除率更高,可提升2~3倍.该技术耦合电动力方法实现了低渗透含水层中带电离子组分的强化定向迁移,解决了循环井在低渗透含水层中传质效率低、修复范围小、存在水力循环盲区等问题,修复效果显著提升.

一种用于磁悬浮汽车的永磁电动轮的优化策略

为了改善磁悬浮汽车的基础性能,基于目前国内外永磁电动悬浮的研究现状,提出了一种基于更优磁化角的永磁电动轮结构。首先从原理的角度分析磁化角度变化实现更优电动轮结构的理论合理性,通过优化环形永磁电动轮的磁化角可以增加单极对的永磁体数量增加外围磁场强度,并利用等效面电流法推导得出更简洁的解析计算公式,分析得到了永磁电动轮与导体板之间的结构关系、磁场特性和涡流分布特点;然后在三维电磁仿真优化方面,从磁场、悬浮力、驱动力、浮重比和浮驱比等多个性能参数对比传统的永磁电动轮和改进的永磁电动轮。结果验证了改进后的永磁电动轮结构对其悬浮-驱动一体化功能具有有益提升,并从解析计算和实验分析两个角度共同验证三维电磁仿真的准确性和可靠性,为后续设计优化工作提供了可靠手段。这种Halbach阵列永磁电动轮的优化方案有助于磁悬浮概念车的基础性能提升,为“碳达峰、碳中和”背景下新型绿色环保交通工具的形成提供了可行的技术选择。

基于多目标灰狼优化算法与RBF神经网络的真空灭弧室触头结构优化设计

在真空灭弧室触头开断过程中,合适的磁场分布有利于提高其开断性能;在合闸过程中,动、静触头间存在的电动斥力会导致触头出现弹跳现象。针对以上问题,首先建立了带铁芯式杯状纵磁触头的三维模型,进行了磁场分布与电动力的计算;为了进一步提高触头的性能,然后构建了以触头片开槽长度、开槽宽度、径向偏转角度、杯座斜槽高度及单个斜槽上下旋转角度为输入,电流峰值时刻触头间隙中心平面纵向磁场强度最大值、过零时刻中心点处磁滞时间、合闸时动静触头间的电动斥力分别为输出的RBF神经网络模型;最后结合RBF神经网络模型与多目标灰狼优化算法(MOGWO)对触头结构进行了优化。结果表明:与初始结构参数相比,当触头片开槽长度为19.74mm、宽度为3.94mm、径向偏转角为19.9°、杯座斜槽高度为18.0mm、斜槽上下旋转角为119.2°时,触头具有更好的磁场分布特性,且动、静触头间的电动斥力明显减小,有利于提高触头的工作性能。

均匀带电的无限长直导线电势问题的正规化处理——一个将量子场论概念与方法融入本科教学的例子

若在基础物理课程的教学中合理融入现代物理学研究的概念与方法,则可使学生更好地理解所学知识的应用价值,从而为更高水平的教学和研究作准备。本文以均匀带电无限长直导线电势的计算为例,探讨了如何在本科二年级的电动力学课程教学中引入和渗透现代量子场论的一些概念和方法。具体内容包括良好的数学定义与病态的数学定义、发散积分的正规化、物理量与非物理量等。本文试图以较为浅显的方式来讲明这些对于本科生来说太过抽象的物理与数学概念,以帮助学生在未来学习量子场论等现代物理内容时更轻松自然地理解并使用其中的思想与方法,并对数学与物理中一些一般性的相关问题有更好的理解。

Analysis and verification of electrodynamic force,thermal stress and current sharing for CRAFT converter structure design

In the design realm of fusion power supplies,structural components play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety of fusion devices.To verify the reliability of the converter structure design at the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT),meticulous analysis of the converter's dynamic impact is carefully performed based on the worst fault current(400k A),firstly.Subsequently,the thermal stress analysis based on the maximum allowable steadystate temperature is finished,and the equivalent thermal stress,thermal deformation,maximum shear stress of a single bridge arm and the whole converter are studied.Furthermore,a simple research method involving the current-sharing characteristics of a bridge arm with multithyristor parallel connection is proposed using a combination of Simplorer with Q3D in ANSYS.The results show that the current-sharing characteristics are excellent.Finally,the structural design has been meticulously tailored to meet the established requirements.

Remote entangling gate between a quantum dot spin and a transmon qubit mediated by microwave photons

Spin qubits and superconducting qubits are promising candidates for realizing solid-state quantum information processors.Designing a hybrid architecture that combines the advantages of different qubits on the same chip is a highly desirable but challenging goal.Here we propose a hybrid architecture that utilizes a high-impedance SQUID array resonator as a quantum bus,thereby coherently coupling different solid-state qubits.We employ a resonant exchange spin qubit hosted in a triple quantum dot and a superconducting transmon qubit.Since this hybrid system is highly tunable,it can operate in a dispersive regime,where the interaction between the different qubits is mediated by virtual photons.By utilizing such interactions,entangling gate operations between different qubits can be realized in a short time of 30 ns with a fidelity of up to 96.5%under realistic parameter conditions.Further utilizing this interaction,remote entangled state between different qubits can be prepared and is robust to perturbations of various parameters.These results pave the way for exploring efficient fault-tolerant quantum computation on hybrid quantum architecture platforms.

直流电力设备表面电致水滴变形现象的数值模拟方法

电致水滴运动变形是一种涉及电场与流体场相互耦合的复杂物理现象,常见于雨后的绝缘子金具、设备高压均压环表面,高效快速的数值模拟方法是揭示雨滴变形和激发电晕的物理机制的基础。为此针对三维电动流体模型数值计算中常见的计算时间长、收敛困难的问题,从电场唯一性定理出发提出了基于场等效的数值模拟方法,从光偏折原理出发搭建了基于阴影法的水滴变形现象观测平台,通过数值仿真与试验拍摄结果对比的方式验证了该方法的有效性。研究结果表明:本文方法构建的电场与原始电场的相对误差在0.01%以内;数值模拟得到的水滴在正极性直流电压下的喷射形态与试验符合较好,通过比较水滴根部、中部、头部宽度和长度,表明数值模拟和试验的相对误差在10%以内,验证本文模拟方法的有效性,同时在保证收敛性的情况下计算时间由8 h缩短至1 h。

平板式永磁电动悬浮系统设计与实验研究

该文提出一种以汽车为载体的平板式永磁电动悬浮系统,并从结构设计、等效实验、原理样机测试三方面对电磁特性开展研究。首先,阐述系统的结构及原理,依托自主研制的最高时速600 km的动轨实验台,分析在固定参数下的电磁力特性和垂向自稳定能力,并验证有限元模型的准确性。其次,对悬浮磁体、导向磁体、导体板进行计算分析。最后,改装汽车,加装间隙调节机构、简易悬浮架、车载磁体及测试系统,并搭建长50 m的铜制导体板轨道,开展原理样机测试。整车约为1500 kg,最高实验速度为70 km/h,最大悬浮间隙约为35 mm。实验结果验证了导向磁体的有效性,展现出平板式永磁电动悬浮系统较强的载重能力。

大型可变速发电电动机定转子绕组端部电动力仿真分析

大型可变速发电电动机定转子绕组端部结构复杂,当电机出现突然短路等故障工况时,会在定转子端部绕组上产生强大的冲击电流,以致在绕组线棒上产生很大的电磁力。若线棒端部绑扎不牢,可能会引起线棒位移或变形,甚至出现绝缘损坏等故障。本文对一台414MW可变速发电电动机的定转子绕组端部电动力进行了仿真分析,首先建立可变速发电电动机三维端部磁场的有限元仿真模型;然后计算得到可变速发电电动机在额定发电工况下发生两相突然短路、三相突然短路时的定转子电流,并将其作为有限元仿真的求解输入源;最后仿真计算可变速发电电动机定转子绕组端部电动力,并获得定转子绕组端部电动力在短路故障工况下的分布规律。

基于集电线圈复用的电动磁浮列车感应式电能传输技术研究

为实现电动磁浮列车低速运行阶段无接触辅助供电,同时尽可能减轻耦合机构重量,并保障供电系统平稳输出,该文设计了一种利用磁浮系统原有线圈作为耦合机构的感应式电能传输(IPT)系统,通过线圈与电路结构重构,以列车低速运行阶段空置的悬浮线圈与集电线圈作为能量传输通道。由于不需额外安装能量传输线圈,所提出的IPT系统对磁浮列车自重影响小,且耦合机构在移动过程中具有互感恒定的特性,结合LCC-S谐振补偿电路,IPT系统在列车移动过程中与负载变化过程中均能保持稳压输出。为验证所提方案的可行性和有效性,搭建了1 kW的原理样机,在移动供电过程中,IPT系统输出电压波动仅1.51%,输出功率在300~1000 W范围变化时,输出电压波动为4.42%,系统整体效率为83.75%~86.61%。

Heuristic Estimation of the Vacuum Energy Density of the Universe: Part II-Analysis Based on Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Radiation

In Part I of this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe was derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according to which an electron is accelerated to a constant and relativistic speed at a distance L from a perfectly conducting plane. The charge of the electron was represented by a spherical charge distribution located within the Compton wavelength of the electron. Subsequently, the electron is incident on the perfect conductor giving rise to transition radiation. The energy associated with the transition radiation depends on the parameter L. It was shown that an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density will emerge when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the product of the radiated energy, and the time duration of emission is constrained by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. In this paper, a similar analysis is conducted with a chain of electrons oscillating sinusoidally and located above a conducting plane. In the thought experiment presented in this paper, the behavior of the energy radiated by the chain of oscillating electrons is studied in the frequency domain as a function of the length L of the chain. It is shown that when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the energy radiated within a single burst of duration of half a period of oscillation is constrained by the fact that electromagnetic energy consists of photons, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density emerges as a result. The derived inequality is given by where is the vacuum energy density. This result is consistent with the measured value of the vacuum energy density, which is 5.38 × 10-10 J/m. The result obtained here is in better agreement with experimental data than the one obtained in Part I of this paper with time domain radiation.

The Magnetic Longitudinal (P-) Wave’s Propagation and Energy Models Underlying the Mechanisms of Its Capacity to Absorb Free Energy

The longitudinal wave term within Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) underwent recovery to ensure its suitability for theoretical derivation of the equation governing longitudinal electromagnetic (LEM) waves. The revised Maxwell’s equations include the crucial parameters being the attenuation time constants of magnetic vortex potential and electric vortex potential generated by external electromagnetic field within the propagation medium. Specific expressions for them are obtained through theoretical analysis. Subsequently, a model for propagating magnetic P-wave generated by the superposition of a left-handed photo and a right-handed photon in a vacuum is formulated based on reevaluated total current law and revised Faraday’s law, covering wave equations, energy equation, as well as propagation mode involving mutual induction and conversion between scalar magnetic field and vortex electric field. Furthermore, through theoretical derivations centered around magnetic P-wave, evidence was presented regarding its ability to absorb huge free energy through the entangled interaction between zero-point vacuum energy field and the torsion field produced by the vortex electric field.

Elements of Electromagnetic Matter

Originally, Maxwell attempted to express his electromagnetic theory using four-dimensional mathematics of quaternions. Maxwell’s equations were later re-written in a three-dimensional real vector form, which is how the theory is presented today. Thus, an interesting question remains whether we can derive electromagnetic equations analytically from the basic mathematical principles of quaternion algebra and calculus, resulting in general and analytic matter equations. This question seems highly intriguing. Previously, we developed a mathematical theory of time using a normed division algebra of real quaternions [1]. In this study, we extend the theory of time by presenting a new analytical derivation of electromagnetic matter equations using the calculus of real quaternions, as originally intended by Maxwell. Therefore, we propose a novel mathematical definition of the quaternion path derivative using the properties of quaternion division. We then apply the quaternion derivative to an external electromagnetic potential and assume that the first quaternion derivative represents the quaternion electromagnetic force. Next, we assume that the second derivative, or quaternion Laplacian operator, applied to an external electromagnetic potential leads to the quaternion electromagnetic current density. The new analytical expressions are similar to the original empirical Maxwell equations, except for an additional scalar electric field, which allows for a novel formulation of Ohm’s conductivity law. We demonstrate that the resulting analytical equations can be written equivalently using either electromagnetic potentials or fields. Finally, we summarize the key postulates and equations of the new electromagnetic matter theory, which were based on normed division algebra and the calculus of quaternions. The resulting theory appears to be a useful analytical enhancement of the original Maxwell equations, and therefore, seems highly comprehensive, logical, and compelling.