Objective: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) currently plays an important role in the treatment of urinary tract lithiasis. The purpose of this article was to describe new concepts and procedural strategies t...Objective: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) currently plays an important role in the treatment of urinary tract lithiasis. The purpose of this article was to describe new concepts and procedural strategies that would improve results using SWL as a treatment for urolithiasis, thereby achieving better clinical practice.Methods: A systematic review process was carried in PubMed/PMC from January 2003 to March 2023. A narrative synthesis of the most important aspects has been made.Results: The important recommendations for the adequate selection of the candidate patient for treatment with SWL are summarized, as well as the new strategies for a better application of the technique. Aspects about intraoperative position, stone localization and monitoring, analgesic control, machine and energy settings, and measures aiming at reduced risk of complications are described.Conclusion: To achieve the therapeutic goal of efficient stone disintegration without increasing the risk of complications, it is necessary to make an adequate selection of patients and to pay special attention to several important factors in the application of treatment. Technological development in later generation devices will help to improve current SWL results.展开更多
Objective:Many studies have demonstrated the heat effect from the holmium laser lithotripsy can cause persistent thermal injury to the ureter.The purpose of this study was to elucidate the use of a modified ureteral c...Objective:Many studies have demonstrated the heat effect from the holmium laser lithotripsy can cause persistent thermal injury to the ureter.The purpose of this study was to elucidate the use of a modified ureteral catheter with appropriate firing and irrigation to reduce the thermal injury to the“ureter”during the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in vitro.Methods:An in vitro lithotripsy was performed using a modified catheter(5 Fr)as the entrance for the irrigation and the holmium laser fiber while using the remaining space in the ureteroscopic channel as an outlet.Different laser power settings(10 W,20 W,and 30 W)with various firing times(3 s,5 s,and 10 s)and rates of irrigation(15 mL/min,20 mL/min,and 30 mL/min)were applied in the experiment.Temperature changes in the“ureter”were recorded with a thermometer during and after the lithotripsy.Results:During the lithotripsy,the local highest mean temperature was 60.3℃ and the lowest mean temperature was 26.7℃.When the power was set to 10 w,the temperature was maintained below 43℃ regardless of laser firing time or irrigation flow.Regardless of the power or firing time selected,the temperature was below 43℃ at the rate of 30 mL/min.There was a significant difference in temperature decrease when continuous 3 s drainage after continuous firing(3 s,5 s,or 10 s)compared to with not drainage(p<0.05)except for two conditions of 0.5 J×20 Hz,30 mL/min,firing 5 s,and 1.0 J×10 Hz,30 mL/min,firing 5 s.Conclusion:Our modified catheter with timely drainage reducing hot irrigation may significantly reduce the local thermal injury effect,especially along with the special interrupted-time firing setting during the simulated holmium laser procedure.展开更多
Objective:The holmium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser(Ho:YAG)has been the gold standard for laser lithotripsy over the last three decades.After demonstrating good in vitro efficacy,the thulium fiber laser(TFL)has been ...Objective:The holmium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser(Ho:YAG)has been the gold standard for laser lithotripsy over the last three decades.After demonstrating good in vitro efficacy,the thulium fiber laser(TFL)has been recently released in the market and the initial clinical results are encouraging.This article aims to review the main technology differences between the Ho:YAG laser and the TFL,discuss the initial clinical results with the TFL as well as the optimal settings for TFL lithotripsy.Methods:We reviewed the literature focusing on the technological aspects of the Ho:YAG laser and TFL as well as the results of in vitro and in vivo studies comparing both technologies.Results:In vitro studies show a technical superiority of TFL compared to the Ho:YAG laser and encouraging results have been demonstrated in clinical practice.However,as TFL is a new technology,limited studies are currently available,and the optimal settings for lithotripsy are not yet established.Conclusion:TFL has the potential to be an alternative to the Ho:YAG laser,but more reports are still needed to determine the optimal laser for lithotripsy of urinary tract stones when considering all parameters including effectiveness,safety,and costs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intravascular lithotripsy(IVL)is a novel technique increasingly used for plaque modification and endovascular revascularization in patients with severe calcification and peripheral artery disease.However,mu...BACKGROUND Intravascular lithotripsy(IVL)is a novel technique increasingly used for plaque modification and endovascular revascularization in patients with severe calcification and peripheral artery disease.However,much of the available literature on IVL is focused on its use in coronary arteries,with relatively limited data on non-coronary artery use.AIM To analyze the safety and efficacy of current IVL use in non-coronary artery lesions,as reported in case reports and case series.METHODS We searched EMBASE,PubMed,and Reference Citation Analysis databases for case reports and case series on IVL use in peripheral artery disease.We then extracted variables of interest and calculated the mean and proportions of these variables.RESULTS We included 60 patients from 33 case reports/case series.Ninety-eight percent of the cases had IVL usage in only one blood vessel,while four had the IVL used in two vessels(2.0%),resulting in 64 Lesions treated with IVL.The mean age of the patients was 73.7(SD 10.9).IVL was successfully used in severe iliofemoral artery stenosis(51.6%),severe innominate,subclavian,and carotid artery stenosis(26.7%combined),and severe mesenteric vessel stenosis(9.4%).Additionally,IVL was successfully used in severe renal(7.8%)and aortic artery(4.7%)stenosis.There were complications in 12%of the cases,with dissection being the commonest.CONCLUSION IVL has successfully used in plaque modification and endovascular revascularization in severely calcified and challenging lesions in the iliofemoral,carotid,subclavian,aorta,renal,and mesenteric vessels.The most severe but transient complications were with IVL use in the aortic arch and neck arteries.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mirizzi syndrome is an uncommon clinical complication for which the available treatment options mainly include open surgery,laparoscopic surgery,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),electroh...BACKGROUND Mirizzi syndrome is an uncommon clinical complication for which the available treatment options mainly include open surgery,laparoscopic surgery,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),electrohydraulic lithotripsy,and laser lithotripsy.Here,a patient diagnosed with type I Mirizzi syndrome was treated with electrohydraulic lithotripsy under SpyGlass direct visualization,which may provide a reference to explore new treatments for Mirizzi syndrome.CASE SUMMARY This paper describes a middle-aged female patient with suspected choledocholithiasis who complained for over 1 mo of intermittent abdominal pain,dark yellow urine,jaundice,and was proposed to undergo ERCP lithotomy.Mirizzi syndrome was found during the operation and confirmed by SpyGlass.Electrohydraulic lithotripsy was performed under the direct vision of SpyGlass.After the lithotripsy,the stones were extracted using the stone extraction basket and balloon.After the operation,the patient developed transient hyperamylasemia.Through a series of symptomatic treatments(such as fasting,fluids and antiinflammation medications),the symptoms of the patient improved.Finally,laparoscopic cholecystectomy or open cholecystectomy was performed after a half-year post-operatively.CONCLUSION Direct visualization-guided laser or electrohydraulic lithotripsy with SpyGlass is feasible and minimally invasive for type I Mirizzi syndrome without apparent unsafe outcomes.展开更多
1临床资料患者男,76岁,因“发作性胸痛半年余,加重1周”入院。查体:脉搏74次/min,血压138/73 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa),口唇无发绀,肝颈静脉反流征阴性,双肺呼吸音清。心界正常,心率74次/min,律齐,无杂音。心电图检查示V1-5导联ST-T...1临床资料患者男,76岁,因“发作性胸痛半年余,加重1周”入院。查体:脉搏74次/min,血压138/73 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa),口唇无发绀,肝颈静脉反流征阴性,双肺呼吸音清。心界正常,心率74次/min,律齐,无杂音。心电图检查示V1-5导联ST-T变化。心肌肌钙蛋白(cardiac troponin,cTn)I 2.46μg/L,诊断为急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死。冠状动脉造影显示罪犯病变前降支近中段弥漫性重度钙化狭窄,最重处95%狭窄(图1(1)),心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)血流分级3级。展开更多
文摘Objective: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) currently plays an important role in the treatment of urinary tract lithiasis. The purpose of this article was to describe new concepts and procedural strategies that would improve results using SWL as a treatment for urolithiasis, thereby achieving better clinical practice.Methods: A systematic review process was carried in PubMed/PMC from January 2003 to March 2023. A narrative synthesis of the most important aspects has been made.Results: The important recommendations for the adequate selection of the candidate patient for treatment with SWL are summarized, as well as the new strategies for a better application of the technique. Aspects about intraoperative position, stone localization and monitoring, analgesic control, machine and energy settings, and measures aiming at reduced risk of complications are described.Conclusion: To achieve the therapeutic goal of efficient stone disintegration without increasing the risk of complications, it is necessary to make an adequate selection of patients and to pay special attention to several important factors in the application of treatment. Technological development in later generation devices will help to improve current SWL results.
基金The study was supported in part by Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LWY20H050001)Zhejiang Medical and Health Technology Program of China(No.2019KY101)Taizhou Enze Medical Center Group scientific fund(No.21EZD44).
文摘Objective:Many studies have demonstrated the heat effect from the holmium laser lithotripsy can cause persistent thermal injury to the ureter.The purpose of this study was to elucidate the use of a modified ureteral catheter with appropriate firing and irrigation to reduce the thermal injury to the“ureter”during the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in vitro.Methods:An in vitro lithotripsy was performed using a modified catheter(5 Fr)as the entrance for the irrigation and the holmium laser fiber while using the remaining space in the ureteroscopic channel as an outlet.Different laser power settings(10 W,20 W,and 30 W)with various firing times(3 s,5 s,and 10 s)and rates of irrigation(15 mL/min,20 mL/min,and 30 mL/min)were applied in the experiment.Temperature changes in the“ureter”were recorded with a thermometer during and after the lithotripsy.Results:During the lithotripsy,the local highest mean temperature was 60.3℃ and the lowest mean temperature was 26.7℃.When the power was set to 10 w,the temperature was maintained below 43℃ regardless of laser firing time or irrigation flow.Regardless of the power or firing time selected,the temperature was below 43℃ at the rate of 30 mL/min.There was a significant difference in temperature decrease when continuous 3 s drainage after continuous firing(3 s,5 s,or 10 s)compared to with not drainage(p<0.05)except for two conditions of 0.5 J×20 Hz,30 mL/min,firing 5 s,and 1.0 J×10 Hz,30 mL/min,firing 5 s.Conclusion:Our modified catheter with timely drainage reducing hot irrigation may significantly reduce the local thermal injury effect,especially along with the special interrupted-time firing setting during the simulated holmium laser procedure.
文摘Objective:The holmium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser(Ho:YAG)has been the gold standard for laser lithotripsy over the last three decades.After demonstrating good in vitro efficacy,the thulium fiber laser(TFL)has been recently released in the market and the initial clinical results are encouraging.This article aims to review the main technology differences between the Ho:YAG laser and the TFL,discuss the initial clinical results with the TFL as well as the optimal settings for TFL lithotripsy.Methods:We reviewed the literature focusing on the technological aspects of the Ho:YAG laser and TFL as well as the results of in vitro and in vivo studies comparing both technologies.Results:In vitro studies show a technical superiority of TFL compared to the Ho:YAG laser and encouraging results have been demonstrated in clinical practice.However,as TFL is a new technology,limited studies are currently available,and the optimal settings for lithotripsy are not yet established.Conclusion:TFL has the potential to be an alternative to the Ho:YAG laser,but more reports are still needed to determine the optimal laser for lithotripsy of urinary tract stones when considering all parameters including effectiveness,safety,and costs.
文摘BACKGROUND Intravascular lithotripsy(IVL)is a novel technique increasingly used for plaque modification and endovascular revascularization in patients with severe calcification and peripheral artery disease.However,much of the available literature on IVL is focused on its use in coronary arteries,with relatively limited data on non-coronary artery use.AIM To analyze the safety and efficacy of current IVL use in non-coronary artery lesions,as reported in case reports and case series.METHODS We searched EMBASE,PubMed,and Reference Citation Analysis databases for case reports and case series on IVL use in peripheral artery disease.We then extracted variables of interest and calculated the mean and proportions of these variables.RESULTS We included 60 patients from 33 case reports/case series.Ninety-eight percent of the cases had IVL usage in only one blood vessel,while four had the IVL used in two vessels(2.0%),resulting in 64 Lesions treated with IVL.The mean age of the patients was 73.7(SD 10.9).IVL was successfully used in severe iliofemoral artery stenosis(51.6%),severe innominate,subclavian,and carotid artery stenosis(26.7%combined),and severe mesenteric vessel stenosis(9.4%).Additionally,IVL was successfully used in severe renal(7.8%)and aortic artery(4.7%)stenosis.There were complications in 12%of the cases,with dissection being the commonest.CONCLUSION IVL has successfully used in plaque modification and endovascular revascularization in severely calcified and challenging lesions in the iliofemoral,carotid,subclavian,aorta,renal,and mesenteric vessels.The most severe but transient complications were with IVL use in the aortic arch and neck arteries.
文摘BACKGROUND Mirizzi syndrome is an uncommon clinical complication for which the available treatment options mainly include open surgery,laparoscopic surgery,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),electrohydraulic lithotripsy,and laser lithotripsy.Here,a patient diagnosed with type I Mirizzi syndrome was treated with electrohydraulic lithotripsy under SpyGlass direct visualization,which may provide a reference to explore new treatments for Mirizzi syndrome.CASE SUMMARY This paper describes a middle-aged female patient with suspected choledocholithiasis who complained for over 1 mo of intermittent abdominal pain,dark yellow urine,jaundice,and was proposed to undergo ERCP lithotomy.Mirizzi syndrome was found during the operation and confirmed by SpyGlass.Electrohydraulic lithotripsy was performed under the direct vision of SpyGlass.After the lithotripsy,the stones were extracted using the stone extraction basket and balloon.After the operation,the patient developed transient hyperamylasemia.Through a series of symptomatic treatments(such as fasting,fluids and antiinflammation medications),the symptoms of the patient improved.Finally,laparoscopic cholecystectomy or open cholecystectomy was performed after a half-year post-operatively.CONCLUSION Direct visualization-guided laser or electrohydraulic lithotripsy with SpyGlass is feasible and minimally invasive for type I Mirizzi syndrome without apparent unsafe outcomes.
文摘1临床资料患者男,76岁,因“发作性胸痛半年余,加重1周”入院。查体:脉搏74次/min,血压138/73 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa),口唇无发绀,肝颈静脉反流征阴性,双肺呼吸音清。心界正常,心率74次/min,律齐,无杂音。心电图检查示V1-5导联ST-T变化。心肌肌钙蛋白(cardiac troponin,cTn)I 2.46μg/L,诊断为急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死。冠状动脉造影显示罪犯病变前降支近中段弥漫性重度钙化狭窄,最重处95%狭窄(图1(1)),心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)血流分级3级。
