Enhanced recovery of high-purity Fe powder from iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue by slurry electrolysis

Iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue(IREMR)is an industrial waste produced during the processing of electrolytic metal manganese,and it contains certain amounts of Fe and Mn resources and other heavy metals.In this study,the slurry electrolysis technique was used to recover high-purity Fe powder from IREMR.The effects of IREMR and H2SO4 mass ratio,current density,reaction temper-ature,and electrolytic time on the leaching and current efficiencies of Fe were studied.According to the results,high-purity Fe powder can be recovered from the cathode plate,and the slurry electrolyte can be recycled.The leaching efficiency,current efficiency,and purity of Fe reached 92.58%,80.65%,and 98.72wt%,respectively,at a 1:2.5 mass ratio of H2SO4 and IREMR,reaction temperature of 60℃,electric current density of 30 mA/cm^(2),and reaction time of 8 h.In addition,vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)analysis showed that the coercivity of electrolytic iron powder was 54.5 A/m,which reached the advanced magnetic grade of electrical pure-iron powder(DT4A coercivity standard).The slurry electrolytic method provides fundamental support for the industrial application of Fe resource recovery in IRMER.

Crystallization Characteristic of Glass-ceramic Made from Electrolytic Manganese Residue

Electrolytic manganese residue （EMR） is a waste from electrolytic manganese industry that contains high concentration of toxic substances. Since the EMR disposal in landfill sites has a serious environmental impact, new ways of EMR utilization are being sought. Considering the melting of EMR to a glass at high temperature was a relatively less energy-intensive process, EMR was first made into a base glass and then the ground base glass was heat-treated in a certain procedure to make a glass-ceramic and the crystallization process was studied. It was determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD） that the primary crystalline phases of the EMR glass-ceramic were diopside and anorthite, which formed the surface crystallization mechanism with a crystallization activation energy of 429 kJ/mol. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation showed that a layer of small spherical particles with an average size of about 0.5 ~tm were covered on the glass matrix surface, and among them there were some big particles. The low melting temperature and crystallization activation energy make it promising to reuse EMR for glass-ceramic production.

Sulfur resource recovery based on electrolytic manganese residue calcination and manganese oxide ore desulfurization for the clean production of electrolytic manganese

An environmentally friendly and resource-conserving route to the clean production of electrolytic manganese was developed,in which the electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)was initially calcined for cement buffering;then the generated SO2-containing flue gas was managed using manganese oxide ore and anolyte(MOOA)desulfurization;at last,the desulfurized slurry was introduced to the electrolytic manganese production(EMP).Results showed that 4.0 wt%coke addition reduced the sulfur of calcined EMR to 0.9%,thereby satisfying the cement-buffer requirement.Pilot-scale desulfurization showed that about 7.5 vol%of high SO2 containing flue gas can be cleaned to less than 0.1 vol%through a five-stage countercurrent MOOA desulfurization.The desulfurized slurry had 42.44 g·L-Mn2+and 1.92 g·L-1 S2 O62-,which was suitable for electrowinning after purification,and the purity of manganese product was 99.93%,satisfy the National Standard of China YB/T051-2015.This new integrated technology fulfilled 99.7%of sulfur reutilization from the EMR and 94.1%was effectively used to the EMP.The MOOA desulfurization linked the EMP a closed cycle without any pollutant discharge,which promoted the cleaner production of EMP industry.

Preparation of MnO_2 and calcium silicate hydrate from electrolytic manganese residue and evaluation of adsorption properties

Electrolytic manganese residue(EMR), a high volume byproduct resulting from the electrolytic manganese industry, was used as a cheap and abundant chemical source for preparing MnO2 and EMR-made calcium silicate hydrate(EMR-CSH). The MnO2 is successfully synthesized from the metal cations extracted from EMR, which can effectively recycle the manganese in the EMR. By the combination of XRD, SEM and EDX analysis, the as-prepared MnO2 is found to exhibit a single-phase with the purity of 90.3%. Furthermore, EMR-CSH is synthesized from EMR via hydrothermal method. Based on the detailed analyses using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX and BET surface area measurement, the product synthesized under the optimum conditions(p H 12.0 and 100 °C) is identified to be a calcium silicate hydrate with a specific surface area of 205 m2/g incorporating the slag-derived metals(Al and Mg) in its structure. The as-synthesized material shows good adsorption properties for removal of Mn2+ and phosphate ions diluted in water, making it a promising candidate for efficient bulk wastewater treatment. This conversion process, which enables us to fabricate two different kinds of valuable materials from EMR at low cost and through convenient preparation steps, is surely beneficial from the viewpoint of the chemical and economical use of EMR.

Synthesis of zeolite A and zeolite X from electrolytic manganese residue,its characterization and performance for the removal of Cd^(2+)from wastewater

Electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)can cause serious environmental and biological hazards.In order to solve the problem,zeolite A(EMRZA)and zeolite X(EMRZX)were synthesized by EMR.The pure phase zeolites were synthesized by alkaline melting and hydrothermal two-step process,which had high crystallinity and excellent crystal control.And the optimum conditions for synthesis of zeolite were investigated:NaOH-EMR mass ratio=1.2,L/S=10,hydrothermal temperature=90℃,and hydrothermal time=6 h.Then,EMRZA and EMRZX showed excellent adsorption of Cd^(2+).When T=25℃,time=120min,pH=6,C0=518 mg·L^(-1),and quantity of absorbent=1.5 g·L^(-1),the adsorption capacities of EMRZA and EMRZX reached 314.2 and 289,5 mg·g^(-1),respectively,In addition,after three repeated adsorption-desorption cycles,EMRZA and EMRZX retained 80%and 74%of the initial zeolites removal rates,respectively.Moreover,adsorption results followed quasi-second-order kinetics and monolayer adsorption,which was regulated by a combination of chemisorption and intra-particle diffusion mechanisms.The adsorption mechanism was ions exchange between Cd^(2+)and Na+.In summary,it has been confirmed that EMRZA and EMRZX can be reused as highly efficient adsorbents to treat Cd^(2+)-contaminated wastewater.

Cooperative removal of Mn^(2+),NH_(4)^(+)-N,PO_(4)^(3-)-P and F−from electrolytic manganese residue leachate and phosphogypsum leachate

Electrolytic manganese residue leachate(EMRL)contains plenty of Mn^(2+) and NH_(4)^(+)-N,and phosphogypsum leachate(PGL)contains large amounts of PO_(4)^(3-)-P and F^(-).Traditional methods of EMRL and PGL discharge could seriously damage the ecological environment.In this study,an innovative method for cooperative removal Mn^(2+),NH_(4)^(+)-N,PO_(4)^(3-)-P,F^(-)from PG and POFT was studied.The result showed that Mn^(2+),PO_(4)^(3-)-P and F^(-)were mainly removed in forms of Mg_(3)Si_(4)O_(10)(OH)_(2),Mn_(3)O_(4),Mn_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O,MnF_(2),MnOOH and Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(7)·2H_(2)O,when LG-MgO was used to adjust the pH value of the system to 9.5,and the volume ratio of EMRL and PGL was 1:4,as well as reaction for 1 h at 25℃.NH_(4)^(+)-N was mainly removed by struvite precipitate,when the molar ratio of N:Mg:P was 1:3:2.4.The concentrations of Mn^(2+),NH_(4)^(+)-N and F^(-)were lower than the integrated wastewater discharge standard.The concentration of PO_(4)^(3-)-P decreased from 254.20 mg/L to 3.21 mg/L.This study provided a new method for EMRL and PGL cooperative harmless treatment.

Enhanced Mn^(2+)solidification and NH_(4)^(+)-N removal from electrolytic manganese metal residue via surfactants

Electrolytic manganese metal residue(EMMR)harmless treatment has always lacked a low-cost and quick processing technology.In this study,surfactants,namely tetradecyl trimethylammonium chloride(TTC),sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS),sodium lignin sulfonate(SLS),and octadecyl trimethylammonium chloride(OTC),were used in the solidification of Mn^(2+)and removal of NH_(4)^(+)-N from EMMR.The Mn^(2+)and NH_(4)^(+)-N concentrations under different reaction conditions,Mn^(2+)solidification and NH_(4)^(+)-N removal mechanisms,and leaching behavior were studied.The results revealed that the surfactants could enhance the Mn^(2+)solidification and NH_(4)^(+)-N removal from EMMR,and the order of enhancement was as follows:TTC>SDBS>OTC>SLS.The NH_(4)^(+)-N and Mn^(2+)concentrations were 12.3 and 0.05 mg·L^(-1)with the use of 60.0 mg·kg^(-1)TTC under optimum conditions(solid–liquid ratio of 1.5:1,EMMR to BRM mass ratio of 100:8,temperature of 20℃,and reaction duration of 12 h),which met the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB8978-1996).Mn^(2+)was mainly solidified as Mn(OH)_(2),MnOOH and MnSiO_(3),and NH_(4)^(+)-N in EMMR was mostly removed in the form of ammonia.The results of this study could provide a new idea for cost-effective EMMR harmless treatment.

养护方式对EMR-FA基地质聚合物抗压强度的影响

以电解锰渣(EMR)和粉煤灰(FA)为硅铝原料,在"氢氧化钠+水玻璃"激发剂作用下制备EMR-FA基地质聚合物。研究了高温养护(40、60、80、100℃)、湿法养护(25℃、湿度> 90%)和高温蒸汽养护(40、60、80、100℃)3种不同养护方式对材料抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,随着养护温度和时间的增加,试块28 d养护龄期的抗压强度也随之增加。当温度和时间升高至一定水平后,材料28 d龄期的抗压强度并不会有明显的提高。在80℃高温环境下养护12 h,试块28 d龄期时的抗压强度达到最大,为15.0 MPa。对比3种养护方式,高温养护方式效果最佳,高温蒸汽养护方式次之,湿法养护的效果明显低于其余两种。

A novel electrolytic-manganese-residues-and-serpentine-based composite(S-EMR) for enhanced Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption in aquatic environment

Electrolytic manganese residue(EMR) is the waste slag generated from the electrolysis manganese industry.As a promising exploitable adsorbent,EMR has become a hot research topic.However,EMR’s low adsorption capacity has limited its applications as an efficient adsorbent.In this study,the EMR was mixed with serpentine and calcined(at 800℃ for 2 h) to prepare a composite adsorbent(S-EMR) with its specific surface area of 11.998 m^(2)·g^(-1)(increased compared to the original EMR) and improved adsorption capacities for Cd^(2+)(98.05 mg·g^(-1)) and Pb^(2+)(565.81 mg·g^(-1)).Kinetic studies have shown that the pseudo-first-order kinetics(PSO)model could best describe the adsorption kinetics of S-EMR for Cd^(2+)/Pb^(2+),implying that the chemisorption process is the rate-limiting step.The effects of different interfering ions on S-EMR’ s adsorption for Cd^(2+)/Pb^(2+)may be due to the difference in their electronegativity.Results of response surface methodology tests showed that pH had the highest influence on adsorption,and the removal efficiency of S-EMR reached 99.92% for Cd(Ⅱ) and 94.00%for Pb(Ⅱ).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analyses revealed that chemical precipitation was the predominant mechanism for Cd^(2+)/Pb^(2+)removal,and the adsorption mechanisms were associated with ion exchange and electrostatic attraction.The results showed that S-EMR could be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cd(Ⅱ)/Pb(Ⅱ) from water bodies,rendering dual benefits of pollution control and resource recovery.

碱热活化EMR基地聚合物对Cd^2+和Pb^2+的固化

研究利用电解锰渣(EMR)、粉煤灰(FA)、偏高岭土(MK)作为原材料制备了EMR基地聚合物。以NaOH和水玻璃为碱激发剂,探究不同活化温度(400~800℃)对EMR的活化效果及地聚合物对不同掺量Cd2+和Pb2+的固化效果,为EMR的资源化利用和重金属污染处理提供了一种新的思路。结果显示,碱热活化处理后的地聚合物抗压强度明显提升,600℃效果最佳。重金属的最佳掺入量为0.5wt%,其28 d试样抗压强度达到最高的18.4 MPa。毒性浸出试验表明EMR基地聚合物对Cd2+和Pb2+具有良好的固化效果,Cd2+和Pb2+浸出浓度均远低于国家标准中规定的限值。XRD和SEM-EDS分析证明了碱热活化效果良好,地聚合物反应充分并产生了可以增强体系力学性能的水合硅酸钙,地聚合物对Cd2+和Pb2+的固化效果优良。

新型掺电解锰渣(EMR)烧结页岩砖粉混凝土力学性能研究

电解锰渣(EMR)的资源化利用可以有效解决其造成的环境污染问题,因此设计了一种新型电解锰渣环保砖,并探究了该环保砖粉制备的混凝土的力学性能。结果表明,随着新型掺EMR烧结页岩砖粉掺量的增大,混凝土塌落度和流动性逐渐减小,吸水率先减小后逐渐增大。力学试验结果表明,立方体抗压和劈裂抗拉强度会随着砖粉的掺入量增加而逐渐降低,而抗折强度却随着砖粉的掺入量增大逐渐增大,建议新型掺EMR烧结页岩砖粉最佳掺量为5%。

堆存陈化中电解锰渣重金属形态及环境风险演化

为了探究电解锰渣堆存陈化过程对其重金属赋存形态及环境风险演化的影响规律,采用XRF、XRD和SEM等微观试验对比分析了新鲜与陈化电解锰渣的易溶盐含量、化学成分、微观形貌和相变组成等微观特性差异.此外,基于批次浸出试验和改进BCR顺序提取法评估了新陈电解锰渣中重金属和氨氮的环境风险.结果表明,在堆存陈化过程中,电解锰渣的微观结构呈松散演化,易溶盐含量由12.25%降低至4.38%,酸溶态和可还原态重金属占比逐渐减少,重金属Mn由超高风险降低至中风险,但重金属总量仍高达3.28×10^(4)mg/kg,环境风险严峻,氨氮浸出量虽有所降低,但仍然超出15.00mg/L阈值的2.54~3.84倍,部分氨氮和重金属在堆存过程中释放到周围生态中,需采取必要措施对电解锰渣进行处理.

改性电解锰渣-矿粉复合胶材料的制备及水化机理

电解锰渣(EMR)是金属锰湿法冶炼过程中产生的一种固体废物,其堆积量大,对环境造成了严重的污染。但电解锰渣中富含硫酸盐,依据其特性,可与矿粉(GGBFS)复合制备胶凝材料。以矿粉为主要原料,电解锰渣为矿粉的硫酸盐激发剂,熟石灰为碱激发剂,制备电解锰渣-矿粉复合胶凝材料。探究电解锰渣、矿粉和熟石灰的最佳配比,并在此基础上对电解锰渣在不同温度下煅烧改性,通过力学测试确定最佳煅烧温度。利用XRD、FT-IR、TG-DTG和SEM等表征方式分析胶凝材料的水化产物及水化机理,同时对硬化体进行毒性测试。结果表明:电解锰渣对矿粉有良好的激发作用,复合胶凝材料中电解锰渣、矿粉、熟石灰最佳质量配比为2∶7∶1,其28 d的抗压强度达到27.2 MPa,电解锰渣经350℃煅烧所制备的复合胶凝材料抗压强度达到30.5 MPa。复合胶凝材料的水化产物主要为钙矾石(AFt)和水化硅酸钙(C-S-H);28 d硬化体浸出液中的重金属浓度均在《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)标准限值内,复合胶凝材料具有良好的安全性。

电解锰渣-赤泥-粉煤灰路面砖的力学性能及浸出毒性研究

针对大宗工业固废回收利用难的问题,实现多种固废减量化、无害化、资源化的目标,通过利用取自中国西南地区企业的石膏类、碱性及硅铝质三类典型大宗固废中的电解锰渣、赤泥、粉煤灰协同处理的无害化渣制备环保型透水混凝土路面砖(permeable concrete paving bricks,PCB),研究了水洗、掺渣量对所制备PCB的力学性能与浸出毒性的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对最佳性能PCB的物相组成与微观形貌结构进行分析.结果表明:①随着无害化渣与水洗无害化渣掺入量的提升,路面砖的劈裂抗拉强度、线性破坏荷载发生明显变化,总体呈下降趋势.当无害化渣掺入量为6%、水洗无害化渣掺入量为14%时,经28 d养护,所制备砖体的劈裂抗拉强度分别为4.09和3.46 MPa,达到了《透水路面砖和透水路面板》(GB/T 25993-2010)中规定的f_(ts)4.0与f_(ts)3.0等级.②路面砖的重金属与NH_(4)^(+)-N的浸出毒性均低于《水泥窑协同处置固体废物技术规范》(GB 30760-2014)的要求.路面砖的主要物相中方解石、石英与钙矾石是主要支撑性物质.研究显示,电解锰渣、赤泥、粉煤灰协同处理的无害化渣可替代部分原材料制备透水混凝土路面砖,满足力学性能与浸出毒性相关标准,能有效促进固体废弃物的减量化与资源化,建议进一步开展砖体在实际应用场景中的环境风险试验,以期为电解锰渣、赤泥、粉煤灰的综合利用技术发展提供更明确的支撑.

电解锰渣库周边土壤重金属污染特征评价

中国作为全世界最大的电解锰生产国,电解锰渣堆存造成的土壤污染亟需改善。该研究在中国锰矿资源储量最大的基地——贵州省铜仁市,选取辖区公共电解锰渣库(玉屏侗族自治县蔡溪村),利用湿式消解法及改进的BCR三步提取法对Mn、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr、Cd 6种重金属元素在电解锰渣库周边土壤中的污染特征、形态分布及风险评价进行分析讨论。Mn、Pb和Cd是对渣库周边土壤环境质量影响最大的重金属。Mn含量变化范围为356~14915 mg/kg,平均值为3828 mg/kg,超过贵州土壤背景值4.8倍。Pb和Cd的平均含量是农用地土壤国家标准风险筛选值的3.1和40.2倍。6种重金属均以可迁移的酸溶解态为主。Mn和Cd的弱酸提取态含量随距渣库坝体越近而显著增加(P<0.05)。普通Kriging空间插值结果发现Mn、Cd、Zn、Pb和Ni 5种重金属含量具有中等强度的空间相关性,其中Mn和Cd含量受到人为活动污染等随机影响较大。Mn和Cd空间分布总体呈东高西低,高值均出现在电解锰渣库坝体附近。主成分分析法显示Mn、Cd和Pb主要受电解锰渣库污染影响;Ni和Zn主要来源于附近农业活动和工业生产;Cr主要受地质背景因素影响。电解锰渣库周边土壤潜在生态风险指数为最高风险等级,其中Cd的贡献比例最大(91%)。

菱锰矿浸出前后理化特性及界面水化行为变化规律

高含水率电解锰渣已成为制约我国电解锰行业发展的瓶颈。本研究分析了菱锰矿浸出前后矿物组成、微观形貌等理化特性,同时考察了菱锰矿浸出前后亲水系数、润湿热、含水率以及过滤性能。研究结果表明:菱锰矿浸出后得到的电解锰渣中出现了高岭石、水钙沸石等亲水性黏土矿物,同时得到的电解锰渣中出现了结构水和结晶水的红外特征峰,含水率由菱锰矿浸出前的17.68%增加至32.67%,润湿热由0.743J/g增加至3.879J/g,亲水系数由1.117增加至2.233;此外,菱锰矿浸出后得到的电解锰渣渣浆过滤性能受黏土矿物影响,过滤速率由菱锰矿浸出前的10.318mL/min下降到5.296mL/min。本研究为电解锰渣含水率控制技术研发提供了理论支持。

电解锰渣对熟石灰-矿渣体系硫酸盐激发性能研究

电解锰渣(EMR)作为一种工业固体废弃物,含有大量重金属、氨氮及硫酸盐,对环境与人体健康造成巨大危害。为解决这一问题,利用EMR富含硫酸盐的特点,将其作为硫酸盐激发剂,研究了EMR对熟石灰-矿渣体系硫酸盐激发效果、水化机理、微观结构与污染物固化机理的影响。抗压强度、XRD及SEM-EDS测试研究表明,EMR对熟石灰-矿渣体系的激发效果较好,其最佳配比为:质量分数为50%的EMR、质量分数为46%的矿渣、质量分数为4%熟石灰,3、7、28 d抗压强度分别为15.55、27.44、44.52 MPa,相比未加EMR的熟石灰-矿渣体系,3、7、28 d抗压强度分别提升了1.65、1.80、1.97倍。在EMR激发下,熟石灰-矿渣体系的水化产物包括AFt(钙矾石)、C-(A)-S-H(水化硅铝酸钙),并且这些水化产物之间相互交织形成致密网络结构;而熟石灰-矿渣体系的主要水化产物是C-(A)-S-H,且其界面区域缝隙较大。EMR-熟石灰-矿渣体系水化过程中释放的OH-及形成的水化产物AFt、AFM(单硫型水化硫铝酸钙)、C-(A)-S-H能够对EMR中的重金属、氨氮进行离子置换、吸附、封裹与沉淀,最终使该体系浸出毒性满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的排放标准。

电解锰渣中温焙烧无害化处理

电解锰渣产量大、含污染性物质,当前处理方式主要为渣库堆存,带来一定的安全环保隐患,制约我国锰产业的高质量发展。为开发电解锰渣无害化处理工艺,分别采用直接焙烧和添加碱性添加剂协同中温焙烧工艺处理电解锰渣,系统考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、添加剂掺入量等因素对焙烧渣水溶锰、水溶性盐、氨氮、有机质含量的影响。结果表明,直接焙烧时,焙烧产物中水溶锰、水溶性盐含量仍较高,氨氮、有机质明显降低;掺入碱性添加剂焙烧时,水溶锰、水溶性盐固化及氨氮、有机质脱除效果显著,在焙烧温度600℃、焙烧时间100 min、碱性添加剂掺入量为10%的最佳条件下,焙烧样中水溶锰为0.21μg/L、水溶性盐质量分数为1.91%、氨氮含量为3.36 mg/L、有机质为1.95%,达到《一般工业固体废物贮存和填埋污染控制标准》(GB 18599—2020)中对进入Ⅰ类堆场的一般工业固体废物要求。电解锰渣直接中温焙烧难以实现无害化,掺入碱性添加剂中温焙烧后可实现无害化处理。本研究对降低电解锰渣污染风险,实现安全处置具有一定的指导作用。

过硫酸铵强化电解锰渣浸出实验研究

电解锰渣中残余较多的锰,不仅浪费锰资源,还会制约锰渣的综合利用。利用过硫酸铵强化浸出锰渣中的锰,降低污染物含量,研究了浸出工艺参数对锰浸出率和浸出毒性的影响,并对浸出前后电解锰渣的物相及形貌进行了分析,探究其浸出机理。结果表明:在浸出时间120 min,过硫酸铵浓度30 g/L,浸出温度90℃,液固体积质量比6 mL/g条件下,锰浸出率约为88.91%。浸出后锰渣中的锰、氨氮浸出毒性,水溶性盐总量和有机质含量大幅降低,满足《一般工业固体废物贮存和填埋污染控制标准》(GB 18599—2020)进入Ⅱ类场的要求。过硫酸铵能腐蚀破坏锰渣中团聚包裹结构,同时提供酸性环境,促进锰的溶出。

基于化学沉淀法去除电解锰渣中锰和氨氮的实验

为了实现电解锰渣中锰、氨氮的有效去除,研究基于化学沉淀法,选取磷酸氢二纳和氯化镁为主要化学稳定剂,氢氧化钙作为外掺剂,设计不同配比实验方案,分析不同化学稳定剂掺入质量分数、锰渣含水率和氢氧化钙掺入质量分数对锰渣浸出毒性的影响。研究表明:随着稳定剂掺入质量分数的增加,锰渣中锰和氨氮的浸出质量浓度降低;锰渣含水率的改变会改变锰的浸出质量浓度,但对氨氮浸出质量浓度影响不大;氢氧化钙掺入质量分数的增加使得电解锰渣稳定后锰的浸出质量浓度降低,但氨氮的去除效率下降。因此,研究最终提出采用磷化物-碱系化学稳定电解锰渣技术的稳定剂配比为3%磷酸氢二纳、3%氯化镁以及外掺2%氢氧化钙,同时控制电解锰渣含水率为24%,锰和氨氮的去除效果最优。研究结果对锰渣的无害化、资源化利用具有参考意义。