Diffusion Equations of the Electric Charges and Magnetic Flux

Innovative definitions of the electric and magnetic diffusivities through conducting mediums and innovative diffusion equations of the electric charges and magnetic flux are verified in this article. Such innovations depend on the analogy of the governing laws of diffusion of the thermal, electrical, and magnetic energies and newly defined natures of the electric charges and magnetic flux as energy, or as electromagnetic waves, that have electric and magnetic potentials. The introduced diffusion equations of the electric charges and magnetic flux involve Laplacian operator and the introduced diffusivities. Both equations are applied to determine the electric and magnetic fields in conductors as the heat diffusion equation which is applied to determine the thermal field in steady and unsteady heat diffusion conditions. The use of electric networks for experimental modeling of thermal networks represents sufficient proof of similarity of the diffusion equations of both fields. By analysis of the diffusion phenomena of the three considered modes of energy transfer;the rates of flow of these energies are found to be directly proportional to the gradient of their volumetric concentration, or density, and the proportionality constants in such relations are the diffusivity of each energy. Such analysis leads also to find proportionality relations between the potentials of such energies and their volumetric concentrations. Validity of the introduced diffusion equations is verified by correspondence their solutions to the measurement results of the electric and magnetic fields in microwave ovens.

基于解析模型的永磁同步电机优化设计

永磁同步电机的电磁转矩和涡流损耗是两个重要指标,在体积等限制条件下,有效提高电磁转矩并降低转子涡流损耗是电机设计的关键。针对这个问题,文中采用解析法,分别计算电磁转矩和涡流损耗,并采用粒子群优化算法,对电机尺寸参数进行优化设计。解析模型包括电枢反应磁场和空载磁场模型。在计算涡流损耗时考虑涡流反应、永磁体周向分段等,优化算法的目标函数并使用权值将多目标转换成单目标。通过解析解与时步有限元数值解的对比可看出,解析解的误差在2%左右。参数影响分析的响应面显示,在定子绕组节距为25°时,电磁转矩和涡流损耗相关性一致。优化迭代结果显示,优化设计降低了76%的平均涡流损耗、22%的平均电磁转矩和68%的电磁转矩波动。

电磁发射弹丸膛内磁场分布特性的三维数值分析

针对电磁轨道发射装置内膛的强磁场环境进行了分析,通过电磁扩散方程耦合运动场和电磁场,考虑速度趋肤效应对磁场分布特性的影响,得到导轨和电枢的电流分布计算模型,并基于毕奥-沙伐定律推导了弹丸内膛磁感应强度的计算公式,从而建立了弹丸内膛磁感应强度的三维数值计算模型。以平面导轨电磁发射装置为例,对其弹丸中轴线磁场分布特性进行三维数值仿真,并对弹丸静止和运动2种情况下的数值仿真结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:弹丸运动情况下的弹丸中轴线上的磁感应强度相比弹丸静止情况下的要小,峰值达到3 T,并沿弹丸长度方向迅速衰减,700 mm处的磁场基本降为0,为制导弹丸上的器件布局提供了有益参考。

外施励磁场作用下电工钢片的趋肤效应和涡流损耗（英文）

通过应用电磁扩散方程分析了基于麦克斯韦电磁场理论的交变激励条件下电工钢片的趋肤效应。考虑到在高频下趋肤效应更为明显,提出对扩散方程的无量纲化处理,并在考虑和不考虑趋肤效应两情况下计算涡流损耗。同时,利用三维磁性测试系统得到一种典型电工钢的宽带磁损耗和分离,来分析旋转激励下它的趋肤效应。提出了磁本构方程的简化,并将其引入扩散方程,采用有限元耦合弗雷德霍姆方程求解,最终写出具有趋肤效应的旋转涡流损耗分量的近似表达式。

电磁轨道炮内弹道接触电阻分析

为了研究电磁轨道炮电枢和轨道之间的接触阻抗变化,本文通过建立U型电枢和简单轨道间的磁扩散模型,根据麦克斯韦方程组计算电枢和轨道间的接触压力与电磁推力。在考虑接触形式、接触压力的影响下根据霍姆电接触模型计算电枢运动过程中的接触电阻变化,并通过对电枢的动力学分析引入速度趋肤效应引起的附加接触电阻变化。采用Comsol Multiphysic有限元分析软件对电枢进行力学分析,然后通过该软件与MATLAB联合编程得到在电枢运动过程中接触电阻的变化曲线。发现接触阻抗的变化值为0.22~4.5mΩ,并且电枢速度对其变化的影响较大。