Gas-water stratified flow patterns from electromagnetic tomography

Because of gravitational differentiation of multi-phase fluids, gas-water flow is usually stratified in highly inclined or horizontal gas wells. By using electrode arrays to scan flowing fluids, electromagnetic tomography can identify the flow patterns of mixed fluid from the different electrical properties of gas and water. The responses for different gas-water interface locations were calculated and then physical measurements were undertaken. We compared the results of the numerical simulation with the experimental data, and found that the response characteristics were consistent in the circumstances of uniform physical fields and stratified flows. By analyzing the signal characteristics, it is found that, with the change of the interface location, the response curves showed ＂steps＂ whose position and width were decided by the location of fluid interface. The measurement accuracy of this method depended on the vertical distance between adjacent electrodes. The results showed that computer simulation can simulate the measurement of the electromagnetic tomography accurately, so the physical experiment can be replaced.

Study of electromagnetic and acoustic emission in creep experiments of water-containing rock samples

Based on biaxial shear creep tests conducted on rock samples with different water contents, we present the results of our study on the regularities of electromagnetic and acoustic emission during the process of creep experiments in which we have analyzed the contribution of water to the occurrence of electromagnetic radiation. The result shows that in the creep-fracturing course of rock samples, when the water content increases, the initial frequency and amplitude of electromagnetic and acoustic emission also increases, but at a decreasing growth rate caused by loading stress. This can be used as a criterion for the long-term stability of rock masses under conditions of repeated inundation and discharge of water.

Prediction Technology of Buried Water-Bearing Structures in Coal Mines Using Transient Electromagnetic Method

Buried water-conducting and water-bearing structures in front of the driving head may easily lead to water bursts in coal mines. Therefore,it is very important for the safety of production to make an accurate and timely forecast about water bursts. Based on the smoke ring effect of transient electromagnetic fields,the principle of transient electro-magnetic method used in detecting buried water-bearing structures in coal mines in advance,is discussed. Small multi-turn loop configurations used in coal mines are proposed and a field procedure of semicircular sector scanning is presented. The application of this method in one coal mine indicates that the technology has many advantages compared with others. The method is inexpensive,highly accurate and efficient. Suggestions are presented for future solutions to some remaining problems.

Mechanism of Electromagnetic Flow Control Enhanced by Electro-Discharge in Water

Pulsed discharge utilized to achieve large current density in the electromagnetic flow control is numerically studied. A mathematic discharge model is established to calculate the plasma channel, and an actuator is designed to generate the Lorentz force in the micro plasma channel. During the discharge process, the resistance in the channel decreases rapidly and a large current density appears between the discharge electrodes. After the actuator is applied in the leading edge of a flat plate, the separation region and downstream turbulent boundary layer on the plate disappear. Meanwhile, a skin-friction drag force reduction is achieved.

Detection technology and application of electromagnetic method for hidden danger of water gushing at coal face

The principles,methods,technologies and application effects of several electromagneticmethods for the detection of the hidden danger of water gushing at the coalface were introduced.Also,emphasis was laid on expounding the methods,principles andeffects of down-hole detections by electric transmission tomography and transient electromagneticmethod.The potential of point power supplied in the underground homogeneoussemi-space,as well as the response to a low-resistivity abnormal body in file hemogeneoussemi-space,was simulated by adopting 3-D finite element method to interpretthe basic theory of the electric transmission tomography.The results of actual measurementshow that the mine electromagnetic method is sensitive to water-bearinglow-resistivity bodies and can play a unique role in detecting the hidden danger of watergushing at the coal face.

Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator for Harvesting Blue Energy

Progress has been developed in harvesting lowfrequency and irregular blue energy using a triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator in recent years. However,the design of the high-efficiency, mechanically durable hybrid structure is still challenging. In this study, we report a fully packaged triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator(TEHG), in which magnets were utilized as the trigger to drive contact–separation-mode triboelectric nanogenerators(CS-TENGs) and coupled with copper coils to operate rotary freestanding-mode electromagnetic generators(RF-EMGs). The magnet pairs that produce attraction were used to transfer the external mechanical energy to the CS-TENGs, and packaging of the CS-TENGpart was achieved to protect it from the ambient environment. Under a rotatory speed of 100 rpm, the CS-TENGs enabled the TEHG to deliver an output voltage, current,and average power of 315.8 V, 44.6 μA, and ~ 90.7 μW,and the output of the RF-EMGs was 0.59 V, 1.78 m A, and 79.6 μW, respectively. The cylinder-like structure made the TEHG more easily driven by water flow and demonstrated to work as a practical power source to charge commercial capacitors. It can charge a 33μF capacitor from 0 to 2.1 V in 84 s, and the stored energy in the capacitor can drive an electronic thermometer and form a self-powered water-temperature sensing system.

KELEA, Cosmic Rays, Cloud Formation and Electromagnetic Radiation: Electropollution as a Possible Explanation for Climate Change

The basic premise of this article is that human generated electromagnetic radiation is contributing to global warming. It may do so by diverting an energy force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) from its presumed association with cosmic rays. Cosmic ray delivered KELEA is viewed as normally participating in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). It may do so by transforming electrostatically inert particles into electrostatic aerosols capable of acting as CCN. The resulting clouds act as a reflective barrier to some of the infrared radiation from the sun and, thereby, reduce the earth’s heat. This article proposes that increasing levels of electromagnetic radiation in the atmosphere is reducing the capacity of cosmic rays to deliver adequate KELEA to maintain climate stability through optimal cloud formation. Specifically, the fluctuating electrical fields accompanying electromagnetic radiation may do so by competitively withdrawing some of the KELEA from the incoming cosmic rays. Previously described studies by Dr. Wilhelm Reich attributed to an energy force termed orgone, are consistent with weather activity being inducible using a device that likely delivers KELEA to the atmosphere. In addition to the foregoing consideration, there are many agricultural and industrial applications of KELEA activated fluids that can reduce carbon emissions. It is important that the scope of climate science be broadened to include a detailed understanding of KELEA and of its many potential practical applications in addressing global warming.

Electromagnetic Radiation Causes Weight Loss and Weight Destabilization of Objects with Presumed Elevated Levels of KELEA (Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction), Relevance to Human Health and to Global Warming

A natural force has been proposed, which is required to prevent the fusion and disappearance of the discrete electrical charges that are present on electrostatically attached opposing electrical charges. This force may also explain the repulsion between objects with either matching positive or negative electrical charges. The energy of this force is referred to as KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). KELEA is especially attracted to dipolar compounds and to other materials with spatially separated opposite electrical charges. These compounds can be used to increase the level of KELEA in water. KELEA activated water can become an added source of KELEA for objects that are placed in close proximity to the water. It is generally held that the weight of an object is solely determined by its mass in relation to that of the earth. Yet, it was previously reported that the measured weight of certain KELEA attracting objects can undergo considerable variability over time. This observation is consistent with the concept that KELEA can contribute to the measured weight of certain objects. The present study strengthens this concept by demonstrating that the weight of cellulose containing materials, including paper, cotton fabrics, and wood, is increased if the materials are placed close to containers of KELEA activated water. It is further shown that electromagnetic radiation can significantly reduce the added weight of the KELEA exposed cellulose containing materials. Moreover, the previously added weight of the materials can be regained by replacing the materials back into the KELEA enhanced environment. It is proposed that the electrical charges that accompany electromagnetic radiation are able to competitively withdraw some of the KELEA from certain KELEA-enhanced objects. This effect can be reliably demonstrated using single sheets of writing paper, which are primarily composed of mechanically-bonded, branched cellulose fibers. There can be considerable fluctuations of the weight of the materials exposed to electromagnetic radiation after having been placed nearby to KELEA activated water. The weight instability is interpreted as being due to the electromagnetic radiation also triggering a dynamic process of rapid additions and removals of significant quantities of KELEA to and from objects. These observations are relevant to the further understanding of KELEA and to the potential health and climate consequences of manmade electromagnetic radiation causing a reduction in the environmental levels of KELEA.

大定源回线装置瞬变电磁法在煤矿采空区探测中的应用

该文通过研究大定源回线装置瞬变电磁法在煤矿采空区探测中的应用,旨在提高煤矿采空区探测的效率和准确性。深入探讨大定源回线装置瞬变电磁法的原理和工作机制。在此基础上,设计并实施适用于煤矿采空区的探测方案,并通过试验进行验证。结果表明,大定源回线装置瞬变电磁法在煤矿采空区探测中取得显著的效果。大定源回线装置瞬变电磁法具有高效、准确、可靠的特点,能够快速识别采空区位置,为后续生产建设提供保障,同时也为其他煤矿采空区勘察提供参考。

电磁场与电化学对循环冷却水系统中设备腐蚀及结垢的影响

循环冷却水对工业生产至关重要,但若长期使用,会使传输管道及换热设备产生腐蚀和结垢,这一直是循环冷却水使用过程中存在的顽疾。将环保、高效、时兴的新技术电磁场(旋磁加能器)和电化学(吸垢仪)创新地联合运用到水质更差的中水中,探索这种联合技术在循环冷却水系统上的防腐、防垢效果。通过搭建的小型工业水循环系统平台,验证了这种联合技术可有效减少循环冷却水系统的腐蚀和结垢问题,改善循环冷却水系统的运行状态,另外,为工业循环水企业提供了将中水用作循环冷却水的新思路,可为企业增加经济效益,实现节能减排。

综合物探方法在跨江盾构隧道勘察中的应用

沱江水下盾构隧道于沱江大桥与滨江大桥之间穿越沱江,该隧道工程系区间重难点项目,工程建设标准高,需要对沱江的水下地形及地质条件进行高精度全面勘察,本研究旨在为江上地质勘察提供实际案例,并为该隧道工程的施工提出合理建议。针对沱江水下盾构隧道的特点,先后采用多波束声呐勘测、水上高密度电法、水域瞬变电磁法3种物探方法,通过多波束声呐勘测,可获取准确的水下河床地形等信息;通过水上高密度电法与水域瞬变电磁法,可揭示江水下地层分布情况及物探异常区域,并对水上钻探的布置提供指导;钻孔取芯结果可提供关于隧道洞身围岩的准确信息,并验证综合物探方法揭示的电性异常区域。研究结果表明,3种物探方法的综合运用能准确定位地质异常区域,通过多种物探方法的综合对比和相互佐证能提高地质信息解译的可靠程度;综合物探方法和钻孔相互验证,能为水下盾构隧道的设计施工提出合理建议。

土壤介电常数模型研究综述

【目的】调查影响土壤介电常数的主控因子,归纳分析土壤介电常数模型的研究现状。【方法】从土壤介电理论出发,系统梳理土壤介电常数的主要影响因素,对现有土壤介电常数模型进行分类总结,并对比分析各模型的优势、局限和应用现状及其发展趋势。【结果】国内外不同土壤类型的介电常数主控影响因素各异,且对测试频率的依赖性较大,但能有效反映土壤的水分状态;土壤介电常数模型分为4类:理论模型、半经验理论模型、经验模型和边界模型。【结论】目前针对区域性特殊土类的介电特性及模型构建研究较少;考虑土壤三相组比、矿物成分和微观结构对介电常数的贡献度将有助于提升模型精度,进而拓展基于介电常数测试的土壤理化性质评价分析方面的应用研究。

地面与井下瞬变电磁法在煤矿富水区探测中的应用

为查明安源煤矿4218工作面Ⅳ-2号煤层富水情况,避免水害发生,基于瞬变电磁法及井下瞬变电磁法基本原理,在整个工作面开展了地面与井下相结合的瞬变电磁探测工作。根据瞬变电磁法对低阻异常灵敏、施工方便、勘探深度大、可准确反映含水异常范围、井下瞬变电磁法施工效率高、体积效应小、对异常位置确定更为可靠的特点,利用地面瞬变电磁从平面上圈定水害分布范围,再利用井下瞬变电磁超前探测技术对巷道前方富水情况进行精确圈定;结合地质和钻孔资料,分析地面瞬变电磁法视电阻率断面图中各地层与电性层的对应关系,推断煤层顶、底板处的相对低阻区域很可能为砂岩裂隙富水所致,由此在全区圈定出1处中等富水区和6处较弱富水区;4218工作面辅运顺槽Q6点前49 m位置处井下瞬变探测结果显示,在迎头位置顶板30°、顺层、底板45°处有4处低阻异常区,与地面解释异常对比,有3处重合,重合率较高。结果表明:地面与井下瞬变电磁法综合探测可有效提升煤层富水区探测的准确性,为矿井水害防治提供了依据。

煤矿采空区水文地质灾害勘查技术研究

为加强煤矿防治水工作,防止和减少水害事故,保障煤矿职工生命安全,利用Tsikl-7瞬变电磁仪器,采用瞬变电磁法,对某煤矿采空区水文地质灾害进行了勘查,通过研究,为某煤矿划定了采空区、地层含水区及构造区10处,取得了该片区的煤层、含水区的电性参数,确定了某煤矿断层F_(603)为含导水断层。

综合物探技术在采空区积水探测中的应用

在煤矿开采过程中,为避免采空区积水对安全生产造成威胁,需要对采空区积水进行探测。物探技术是1种有效的采空区积水勘探手段,其勘探结果具有多样性,因此,需要结合钻探技术使用。物探技术和钻探技术相结合的综合物探技术被广泛运用于煤矿开采中。首先解释了综合物探技术的概念,重点分析了钻探技术和物探技术的原理;然后结合具体的工程实例,分析了综合物探技术在采空区积水探测中的应用效果。结果表明,综合物探技术的应用加强了采空区防治水力度,提高了煤矿开采的安全性。

瞬变电磁法在双鑫煤矿采空区的应用

雨季过后,河南双鑫煤矿井田内水文地质条件发生了很大变化,为查明煤矿开采范围内老旧采空区内部积水分布情况,决定在井田内开展地面物探工作。双鑫煤矿煤层埋深在150 m以上,分析国内各种物探方法的优劣性,决定选取瞬变电磁法对该井田开展勘探工作。根据勘探任务,在井田内共布设瞬变电磁法测线30条,通过试验选取了此次勘探的施工参数,经后期资料处理解释,绘制了反演电阻率断面图及煤层顺层切片平面图。通过反演电阻率断面图,可见1040线、1720线及2080线采空区位置处,反演电阻率等值线明显呈现向下凹陷的电性特征;煤层顺层切片平面图显示5处低阻异常区域,结合地质资料解释分析5处异常区,其中2处为强富水异常,3处为弱富水异常区域,与后期验证结果相符,表明该方法在煤矿老旧采空区积水勘查中能够取得很好的效果,可以为类似区域施工提供借鉴。

瞬变电磁法在煤矿老窑采空区积水探测中的应用

以某煤矿6-1采区为研究案例,根据采区地质水文及地球物理电性特征情况,合理在采取内容实施数据采集,对数据实施预处理后,从全域视电阻率断面图和全域视电阻率切面图2个角度实施煤矿老窑采空区积水探测分析。根据分析结果对采取1#和2#煤层采空区积水范围进行综合解释说明,最后采用钻孔探测法进行采取采空区积水情况验证分析,有效确认瞬变电磁法的应用价值。

三维瞬变电磁法在采煤工作面底板注浆加固效果评价中的应用研究

目前,在煤炭开采的过程中底板突水时有发生,严重影响煤矿正常回采。针对底板异常区富水性的探测,一种基于三维瞬变电磁法可以弥补了传统勘探技术在矿井工作面底板探测富水范围的不足。本文以某煤矿7401工作面为研究区,通过两次三维瞬变电磁法对7401工作面底板进行探查,分析底板异常区视电阻率变化,验证底板异常区的注浆效果。