Reliable observations find only three neutrino mass eigenstates, oscillating between each other as neutrinos travel through space, and limit the sum of the three neutrino masses. At a minimum, any reliable description...Reliable observations find only three neutrino mass eigenstates, oscillating between each other as neutrinos travel through space, and limit the sum of the three neutrino masses. At a minimum, any reliable description of neutrinos must allow only three neutrino mass eigenstates and predict a neutrino mass sum consistent with observations. This paper describes neutrinos as spheres, with radius one quarter of their Compton wavelength and thickness of the Planck length, surrounding a central core along their rotation axis, with diameter of the Planck length. This description of neutrinos as excitations of the vacuum energy allows only three neutrino mass eigenstates and predicts a neutrino mass sum consistent with observations.展开更多
Mass plays a role in many physical phenomena, including the behavior of subatomic particles, the formation and behavior of stars and galaxies, and gravitational interactions between objects. The density of vacuum, 9.5...Mass plays a role in many physical phenomena, including the behavior of subatomic particles, the formation and behavior of stars and galaxies, and gravitational interactions between objects. The density of vacuum, 9.5 × 10−27 kg/m3, is a crucial parameter in the theory of cosmic inflation and is responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe in its early stages. This vacuum energy interacts with matter and manifests itself as mass, which can be described as flow and vortex formation using the laws of hydrodynamics. The vortex model of elementary particles, in conjunction with the laws of hydrodynamics, provides an elegant explanation for the origin of mass and the relationship between mass and energy, with profound implications for the behavior of objects at high velocities and strong gravitational fields. The vacuum behaves as a compressible superfluid, thus elementary particles can be described as vortices of the vacuum. The equations of hydrodynamics for vortices can be applied to describe the nature and value of the mass of particles. The implications of understanding the nature of mass are vast and profound. From elucidating the fundamental properties of particles to informing the design of advanced materials and technologies, this knowledge is indispensable. It drives advancements across numerous fields, transforming both our theoretical understanding and practical capabilities. Continued research into the nature of mass promises to unlock further insights, fostering innovation and expanding the frontiers of science and technology.展开更多
We address the ~122 orders of magnitude discrepancy between the vacuum energy density at the cosmological scale and the vacuum density predicted by quantum field theory. This disagreement is known as the cosmological ...We address the ~122 orders of magnitude discrepancy between the vacuum energy density at the cosmological scale and the vacuum density predicted by quantum field theory. This disagreement is known as the cosmological constant problem or the “vacuum catastrophe”. Utilizing a generalized holographic model, we consider the total mass-energy density in the geometry of a spherical shell universe (as a first order approximation) and find an exact solution for the currently observed critical density of the universe. We discuss the validity of such an approach and consider its implications to cosmogenesis and universal evolution.展开更多
This paper suggests explanations for otherwise seemingly unexplained data about elementary particles and cosmology. The explanations have bases in coordinate-based modeling and in integer-based characterizations for s...This paper suggests explanations for otherwise seemingly unexplained data about elementary particles and cosmology. The explanations have bases in coordinate-based modeling and in integer-based characterizations for some catalogs. One catalog features properties—including charge, mass, and angular momentum—of objects. Another catalog features all known and some possible elementary particles. Assumptions include that multipole-expansion mathematics has uses regarding long-range interactions, such as gravity, and that nature includes six isomers of all elementary particles other than long-range-interaction bosons. One isomer associates with ordinary matter. Five isomers are associated with dark matter. Multipole notions help explain large-scale aspects such as the rate of expansion of the universe.展开更多
The influence mechanism of a small amount of SF6 on ozone generation in oxygen or air discharge is investigated.Some results are obtained by probing into the number of the high-energy electrons,which have the sufficie...The influence mechanism of a small amount of SF6 on ozone generation in oxygen or air discharge is investigated.Some results are obtained by probing into the number of the high-energy electrons,which have the sufficiency energy for generating ozone.Introducing a small amount of SF6 into oxygen sharply decreases the number of high-energy electrons,because the electron density decreases sharply while the mean electron energy remains constant due to higher breakdown voltage and lower discharge power,and some high-energy electrons are consumed by the excitation and attachment of SF6.In contrast,when a small amount of SF6 is added into dry air discharge,despite the consumption of the excitation and attachment of SF6,the number of high energy electrons increases sharply,which is attributed to the higher mean electron energy and electron density resulted from higher breakdown voltage and discharge power.When the volume fraction of SF6 increases from 0 to 2.22%,the ozone mass concentration and the ozone yield increase by 45.7% and 29.7%,respectively.Therefore,though the oxygen source should avoid the presence of SF6,adding a small amount of SF6 can improve the ozone mass concentration and the efficiency of ozone generation.展开更多
文摘Reliable observations find only three neutrino mass eigenstates, oscillating between each other as neutrinos travel through space, and limit the sum of the three neutrino masses. At a minimum, any reliable description of neutrinos must allow only three neutrino mass eigenstates and predict a neutrino mass sum consistent with observations. This paper describes neutrinos as spheres, with radius one quarter of their Compton wavelength and thickness of the Planck length, surrounding a central core along their rotation axis, with diameter of the Planck length. This description of neutrinos as excitations of the vacuum energy allows only three neutrino mass eigenstates and predicts a neutrino mass sum consistent with observations.
文摘Mass plays a role in many physical phenomena, including the behavior of subatomic particles, the formation and behavior of stars and galaxies, and gravitational interactions between objects. The density of vacuum, 9.5 × 10−27 kg/m3, is a crucial parameter in the theory of cosmic inflation and is responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe in its early stages. This vacuum energy interacts with matter and manifests itself as mass, which can be described as flow and vortex formation using the laws of hydrodynamics. The vortex model of elementary particles, in conjunction with the laws of hydrodynamics, provides an elegant explanation for the origin of mass and the relationship between mass and energy, with profound implications for the behavior of objects at high velocities and strong gravitational fields. The vacuum behaves as a compressible superfluid, thus elementary particles can be described as vortices of the vacuum. The equations of hydrodynamics for vortices can be applied to describe the nature and value of the mass of particles. The implications of understanding the nature of mass are vast and profound. From elucidating the fundamental properties of particles to informing the design of advanced materials and technologies, this knowledge is indispensable. It drives advancements across numerous fields, transforming both our theoretical understanding and practical capabilities. Continued research into the nature of mass promises to unlock further insights, fostering innovation and expanding the frontiers of science and technology.
文摘We address the ~122 orders of magnitude discrepancy between the vacuum energy density at the cosmological scale and the vacuum density predicted by quantum field theory. This disagreement is known as the cosmological constant problem or the “vacuum catastrophe”. Utilizing a generalized holographic model, we consider the total mass-energy density in the geometry of a spherical shell universe (as a first order approximation) and find an exact solution for the currently observed critical density of the universe. We discuss the validity of such an approach and consider its implications to cosmogenesis and universal evolution.
文摘This paper suggests explanations for otherwise seemingly unexplained data about elementary particles and cosmology. The explanations have bases in coordinate-based modeling and in integer-based characterizations for some catalogs. One catalog features properties—including charge, mass, and angular momentum—of objects. Another catalog features all known and some possible elementary particles. Assumptions include that multipole-expansion mathematics has uses regarding long-range interactions, such as gravity, and that nature includes six isomers of all elementary particles other than long-range-interaction bosons. One isomer associates with ordinary matter. Five isomers are associated with dark matter. Multipole notions help explain large-scale aspects such as the rate of expansion of the universe.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （11105067, 51366012）, Jiangxi Province Young Scientists （Jinggang Star） Cultivation Plan （20133BCB23008）.
文摘The influence mechanism of a small amount of SF6 on ozone generation in oxygen or air discharge is investigated.Some results are obtained by probing into the number of the high-energy electrons,which have the sufficiency energy for generating ozone.Introducing a small amount of SF6 into oxygen sharply decreases the number of high-energy electrons,because the electron density decreases sharply while the mean electron energy remains constant due to higher breakdown voltage and lower discharge power,and some high-energy electrons are consumed by the excitation and attachment of SF6.In contrast,when a small amount of SF6 is added into dry air discharge,despite the consumption of the excitation and attachment of SF6,the number of high energy electrons increases sharply,which is attributed to the higher mean electron energy and electron density resulted from higher breakdown voltage and discharge power.When the volume fraction of SF6 increases from 0 to 2.22%,the ozone mass concentration and the ozone yield increase by 45.7% and 29.7%,respectively.Therefore,though the oxygen source should avoid the presence of SF6,adding a small amount of SF6 can improve the ozone mass concentration and the efficiency of ozone generation.
