Predicting the alloying element yield in a ladle furnace using principal component analysis and deep neural network

The composition control of molten steel is one of the main functions in the ladle furnace(LF)refining process.In this study,a feasible model was established to predict the alloying element yield using principal component analysis(PCA)and deep neural network(DNN).The PCA was used to eliminate collinearity and reduce the dimension of the input variables,and then the data processed by PCA were used to establish the DNN model.The prediction hit ratios for the Si element yield in the error ranges of±1%,±3%,and±5%are 54.0%,93.8%,and98.8%,respectively,whereas those of the Mn element yield in the error ranges of±1%,±2%,and±3%are 77.0%,96.3%,and 99.5%,respectively,in the PCA-DNN model.The results demonstrate that the PCA-DNN model performs better than the known models,such as the reference heat method,multiple linear regression,modified backpropagation,and DNN model.Meanwhile,the accurate prediction of the alloying element yield can greatly contribute to realizing a“narrow window”control of composition in molten steel.The construction of the prediction model for the element yield can also provide a reference for the development of an alloying control model in LF intelligent refining in the modern iron and steel industry.

Element yield rate prediction in ladle furnace based on improved GA-ANFIS

The traditional prediction methods of element yield rate can be divided into experience method and data-driven method.But in practice,the experience formulae are found to work only under some specific conditions,and the sample data that are used to establish data-driven models are always insufficient.Aiming at this problem,a combined method of genetic algorithm(GA) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) is proposed and applied to element yield rate prediction in ladle furnace(LF).In order to get rid of the over reliance upon data in data-driven method and act as a supplement of inadequate samples,smelting experience is integrated into prediction model as fuzzy empirical rules by using the improved ANFIS method.For facilitating the combination of fuzzy rules,feature construction method based on GA is used to reduce input dimension,and the selection operation in GA is improved to speed up the convergence rate and to avoid trapping into local optima.The experimental and practical testing results show that the proposed method is more accurate than other prediction methods.

Compatibility of the Support System Consisting of Yielding Elements and Shotcrete Lining in Highly Faulted Grounds

The design procedure is made for a mine shaft where permanent underground facilities are interconnected. The highly faulted grounds were identified using empirical and semi-empirical theories. Furthermore, the behavior types are presented. This paper presents excavation and support methods in such ground conditions and the calculations results show that the installation of the yielding elements have an effect on support elements and prevent shotcrete damage during the curing stage. Different numerical analyses carried out showed that, with the yielding elements installed, the total displacements increase but the final axial force reduces, and therefore, the characteristic compressive strength of shotcrete is not exceeded. The calculation results of ground loads and displacements on the designed support system are presented with a 3D numerical geo-mechanical model adopted for highly faulted ground surrounding deeper complex underground structures.

Stresses in the Scapular Fossa Do Not Exceed the Yield Stress When Elevated up to 135 Degrees of Abduction after Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is an effective treatment for rotator cuff tears. Despite its advantages, complications occur at a high rate. Complications requiring revision include a high rate of base plate failure, 38% of which are due to instability. The primary stability the base plate ensures is a crucial factor and, thus, is the subject of much debate in clinical studies and biomechanical research. This study is aimed to provide data that will contribute to the base plate’s pri-mary stability and glenoid longevity by clarifying the stresses at the scapular fossa and base plate interface associated with elevation after RSA. A 3D finite element model was created from the DICOM data for the scapulohumeral joint and SMR shoulder system. For loading conditions, 30 N was applied for each posi-tion with abduction angles of 0, 45, 90, and 135 degrees. A three-dimensional fi-nite element analysis was performed using the static implicit method with LS-DYNA. The von Mises stresses in the scapular fossa were found not to exceed the yield stress on the bone even after elevation to an abduction angle of 135 de-grees after RSA. It is rough to uniformly compare the yield stress and the von Mises stress, but it was inferred that the possibility of fracture is low unless a large external force is applied. A maximum von Mises stress showed 0 degrees of abduction, suggesting that the lowered position is in a more severe condition than the elevated position. If better improvement is desired, it may be necessary to devise ways to reduce the stress on the upper screw. .

Growth, Metabolism and Yield of Rice Cultivated in Soils Amended with Fly Ash and Cyanobacteria and Metal Loads in Plant Parts

Soil amendment with fly ash（FA） and combined supplementation with N_2-fixing cyanobacteria masses as biofertilizer were done in field experiments with rice. Amendments with FA levels, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 10.0 kg/m2, caused increase in growth and yield of rice up to 8.0 kg/m2, monitored with several parameters. Pigment contents and enzyme activities of leaves were enhanced by FA, with the maximum level of FA at 10.0 kg/m2. Protein content of rice seeds was the highest in plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m2. Basic soil properties, p H value, percentage of silt, percentage of clay, water-holding capacity, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content increased due to the FA amendment. Parallel supplementation of FA amended plots with 1.0 kg/m2 N_2-fixing cyanobacteria mass caused further significant increments of the most soil properties, and rice growth and yield parameters. 1000-grain weight of rice plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m2 along with cyanobacteria supplementation was the maximum. Cyanobacteria supplementation caused increase of important basic properties of soil including the total N-content. Estimations of elemental content in soils and plant parts（root and seed） were done by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Accumulations of K, P, Fe and several plant micronutrients（Mn, Ni, Co, Zn and Cu） and toxic elements（Pb, Cr and Cd） increased in soils and plant parts as a function of the FA gradation, but Na content remained almost unchanged in soils and seeds. Supplementation of cyanobacteria had ameliorating effect on toxic metal contents of soils and plant parts. The FA level 4.0 kg/m2, with 1.0 kg/m2 cyanobacteria mass supplementation, could be taken ideal, since there would be recharging of the soil with essential micronutrients as well as toxic chemicals in comparative lesser proportions, and cyanobacteria mass would cause lessening toxic metal loads with usual N_2-fixation.

A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE FLANGE EARRINGS OF STRONG ANISOTROPIC SHEET METALS IN DEEP-DRAWING PROCESSES

Flange earrings of strong anisotropic sheet metals in deep-drawing process are numerically analyzed by the elastic-plastic large deformation finite element formulation based on a discrete Kirchhoff triangle plate shell element model. A Barlat-Lian anisotropic yield function and a quasi-flow corner theory are used in the present formulation. The numerical results are compared with the experimental ones of cylindrical cup drawing process. The focus of the present researches is on the numerical analysis and the constraining scheme of the flange earring of circular sheets with strong anisotropy in square cup drawing process.

Effects of Copper-based Nutritional Foliar Fertilizers on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Disease Control Efficiency of Cotton

[Objectives] The effects of copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics,yield,accumulation and distribution of trace elements in various organs,disease prevention effect and soil enzyme activity were studied,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of foliar fertilizers in cotton production. [Methods]Through two years of field experiments,six treatments were set in total,namely spraying water( CK),traditional Bordeaux mixture( BDM),Kocide 2000( KCD),copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizer( CF),iron-copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizer( CFFe),and zinc-boron-copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizer( CFZnB). Randomized block arrangement was adopted. Chlorophyll content in leaves was measured at each growth stage of the cotton. Photosynthetic characteristics of leaves were measured at the peak bolling stage. Plants were sampled at initial boll opening stage. The whole plant was divided into root,stem,leaf and cotton boll parts,in which the total copper,total zinc,total iron contents and accumulations were determined. Soil samples were collected from each plot,followed by the determination of soil enzyme activity. Disease index was investigated at bud,flowering and boll-forming and boll opening stage. [Results]( 1) Spraying CFFe,CFZnB,CF and KCD could significantly improve chlorophyll content of cotton leaves,and the CFFe treatment had the highest increase up to13. 30%,followed by the CFZnB treatment,which was 11. 40% higher than the CK; and photosynthetic rate,stomata conductance and transpiration rate could be improved significantly,and the CFFe treatment showed the highest photosynthetic rate,which increased by 26. 35% compared with the CK,followed by the CFZnB treatment,which increased by 17. 96% compared with CK; and intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly reduced.( 2) Spraying BDM,KCD,CF,CFFe and CFZnB can significantly increase total copper content and accumulation in various cotton organs( except the total copper content in the stem part of the CFZnB treatment; the CFZnB and CFFe treatments can significantly increase total zinc content and accumulation in various cotton organs; and spraying CFFe,CFZnB and CF can significantly increase total iron content and accumulation in various cotton organs( except the total iron content in the stem part of the CF treatment).( 3)Spraying CFFe,CFZnB,CF,KCD and BDM greatly reduced the disease index at flowering and boll-forming and boll opening stages.( 4) The CFZnB and CFFe treatments had the highest soil urease activity,which was 7. 14% higher than that of the CK,but the difference from the CK was not significant; the catalase activity of each treatment was significantly higher than that of the BDM treatment; and the sucrase activity of each treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK.( 5) Spraying CFFe,CFZnB,CF and KCD significantly improved lint yield of cotton,and the CFZnB treatment showed the highest yield increase up to 12. 34%,followed by the CFFe treatment,with an increase in the range of 8. 77%-10. 20%. [Conclusions]Copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizers have dual functions of disease control and prevention and plant nutrition and health care,and not only can significantly increase cotton yield,but also has certain disease prevention effect.It is recommended to use copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizers.

Numerical study of influence of anisotropy on flanging earing based on Barlat six-component yield function

The anisotropy of stamped sheet metal exerts evident effects on the formability. Barlat six component yield function was introduced into the elastoplastic finite element formulation based on the principle of virtual velocity and the discrete Kirchhoff triangular element model. The flanging earing in cylindrical cup drawing process of circular sheet metal was numerically simulated. The influence of anisotropy on the forming process was studied.

Cause of Errors Associated with Application of Drucker-Prager Yield Criterion in MSC/NASTRAN Program

When the Drucker Prager yield criterion is used, the MSC/NASTRAN program frequently predicts noticeable errors. The relevant part of NASTRAN Handbook was checked and some errors in the elasto plastics theory used in NASTRAN were detected in this paper. The procurement to prove these errors was verified by numerical calculation.

极端涝害条件下晚播对超强筋小麦济麦44产量与品质的影响

2021年度,山东发生极端涝害,小麦播期整体延迟。本研究以超强筋小麦济麦44为材料,设置5个播期,分析极端涝害条件下不同播期对济麦44产量和品质性状的影响。结果表明:冬前分蘖随播期推迟而明显减少;产量随播期推迟而降低,W_(1)处理(10月25日播种)的最高,为8359.05 kg/hm^(2);穗粒数随播期推迟整体呈减少趋势;单位面积穗数和千粒重整体均呈先增加后减少趋势,W_(1)、W_(2)处理(11月5日播种)显著高于其他处理。W_(3)处理(11月15日播种)小麦籽粒各项品质指标整体较好;产量最高时(W_(1)),籽粒中各矿质元素含量均最低;籽粒品质较好时(W_(3)),各矿质元素含量相对也较高,尤其是K、Na、Zn、Se、Cu的含量均最高。综上得出,如遇极端天气,鲁中地区超强筋小麦济麦44的播期控制在11月15日之前时,晚播对其产量和品质的影响较小,可实现一定程度上的优质高产,并且对矿质元素含量的影响较小。

Yield criterions of metal plasticity in different stress states

Five types of tensile tests were conducted to study the yield .behavior of 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy. Parallel finite element models were built for each test and solved with ABAQUS with different yield criterions. The result shows that any of the four criterions： von Mises yield criterion, Tresca criterion, Twin-Shear criterion and yon Mises criterion with hydrostatic pressure correction, overestimates the yield strengths of the specimens. Rather than hydrostatic pressure, Lode stress parameter is the key factor that affects the differences between experimental and simulation results. Based on this concept, a new yield model with Lode dependence modified from yon Mises criterion is postulated. Although one more parameter needs to be confirmed, the simulation results of this yield model are better than those of other criterions.

连续7年施肥提升复垦土壤肥力提高玉米产量的驱动因子

研究长期施肥对玉米连作体系下采煤塌陷区复垦土壤肥力变化和玉米产量的影响,明确玉米产量提高的驱动因素和最佳施肥处理,可为该区域培肥土壤和耕地质量提升提供理论依据。该研究依托7 a(2014—2020年)复垦定位肥料试验基地,设置不施肥对照(CK)、氮磷钾平衡施肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)和有机肥配施无机肥(MNPK)4个处理,采集0~20 cm土层土壤样品,研究不同施肥处理对作物产量、土壤化学指标(包括有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效铁锰铜锌含量)、土壤物理指标,即团聚体分布比例及其碳氮含量以及土壤生物指标,即与碳循环相关的土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,施化肥及有机肥较CK均显著提高了玉米籽粒产量,且以M处理的增幅最大。M处理显著提高了土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾及有效锰含量,增幅分别为21.50%、12.50%、98.37%及20.19%;MNPK处理改善了土壤的基本性质,显著提高了大粒径团聚体(>2 mm)中有机碳和全氮含量,增幅分别达68.68%和471.43%,但是显著降低了土壤有效铜和有效锌含量,降幅分别为16.67%和16.46%。而且施加有机肥后,加速了大团聚体(0.25~2 mm)的破碎,伴随着粉黏粒组分(<0.053 mm)数量的增加。此外,NPK处理显著提高了β-葡萄糖苷酶活性,增幅为29.17%,但是显著降低了脲酶活性,降幅为29.79%,施有机肥(M和MNPK)显著提高了蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,增幅分别为45.87%~73.39%、54.98%~60.73%、43.09%~80.32%和51.52%~54.97%。进一步通过主成分分析以及土壤肥力综合指数评价,表明单施有机肥是该复垦区域耕地质量提升和维持土地生产力较好的农田管理措施。结合冗余分析结果可知,β-葡萄糖苷酶是评价土壤肥力的敏感性指标,它对玉米籽粒产量和土壤有机质含量的贡献率高达72.40%。因此,在现有的农田管理条件下,单施有机肥主要通过增强β-葡萄糖苷酶活性进而促进复垦土壤肥力的形成,最终提高了作物产量,是维持该复垦区作物高产稳产和培育耕地质量的有效措施。

基于分数阶黏壶元件的岩石损伤蠕变模型

目的为了建立一个能描述岩石蠕变全过程的蠕变模型。方法首先以分数阶黏壶元件描述岩石的黏弹性,采用基于Kachanov损伤率公式的损伤体描述岩石的粘塑性并串联一个胡克体建立成只有四个元件的蠕变模型。然后,将其本构方程推广到三维应力状态,考虑球应力,并引入一个屈服函数来准确判断岩石是否发生非稳定蠕变。最后,采用最小二乘法分析得到模型参数,用红砂岩和砂质泥岩的蠕变实验数据验证模型的有效性。结果新的蠕变模型理论曲线与实验数据曲线吻合较好,可以描述岩石蠕变的全过程。结论新的蠕变模型解决了经典模型在描述岩石蠕变时的模型复杂和参数较多的问题,对研究岩石蠕变特性具有一定的参考价值。

Feasibility of a New Granular Rapid Release Elemental S Fertilizer in Preventing S Deficiency of Canola on a S-Deficient Soil

Our previous research has indicated that granular elemental S (ES) fertilizers are not effective in the year of application and also are not consistently as effective as sulphate-S in increasing seed yield of canola in subsequent years, especially when applied at seeding in spring, because of slow dispersion of elemental S particles from granules for subsequent oxidation of ES to sulphate-S. A field experiment was established in autumn 2010 to determine the relative effectiveness of a new rapid release elemental S (RRES, now called Vitasul) fertilizer, in comparison to sulphate-S fertilizer, with various combinations of application times and placement methods (applied at 20 kg&middotS&middotha-1) on seed yield, straw yield, oil and protein concentration in seed, N and S uptake, partial factor productivity (PFP—kg&middotseed&middotkg-1 applied N&middotha-1—blanket application of 120 kg&middotN&middotha-1), S use efficiency (SUE—increase in kg&middotseed&middotkg-1 applied S&middotha-1) and percent recovery of applied S in seed + straw (%) of canola in 2011, 2012 and 2013 growing seasons on a S-deficient Gray Luvisol loam soil at Star City, Saskatchewan. The 11 treatments included two granular S sources (RRES and potassium sulphate) and five application time/placement method combinations (broadcast in autumn and incorporated in spring, broadcast in spring pre-tillage [broadcast and incorporated], broadcast in spring pre-emergence, sideband in spring and seedrow-placed in spring), plus a zero-S control. There was a significant response of seed yield of canola to applied S in all 3 years, but the responses varied with S source and with application time-placement combinations in different years. Seed yield increased considerably with all sulphate-S treatments compared to the zero-S control, although seed yield tended to be slightly lower in some spring and/or autumn broadcast treatments than the other sulphate-S treatments. Compared to the zero-S control, seed yield also increased significantly with all RRES treatments, but the increase was greater with autumn applied RRES than the spring applied RRES in many cases. Autumn applied RRES produced only slightly lower seed yield but spring applied RRES produced much lower seed yield than the highest yielding spring applied sulphate-S treatments. In 2011, straw yields increased significantly with applied S in some S treatments, but there was no significant effect of S fertilization on straw yield in 2012 and 2013. Oil concentration in canola seed increased only with sulphate-S fertilizer treatments in 2011, and it increased with both sulphate-S and ES sources in 2012 and 2013. There was no effect of any S treatment on the protein concentration in canola seed. The response trends of total N uptake and PFP were usually similar to seed yield for both S sources, but total S uptake, SUE and % recovery of applied S were lower with RRES than sulphate-S in many/most cases. In conclusion, the findings suggested the potential of spring broadcast pre-emergence RRES or autumn broadcast RRES in preventing S deficiency in hybrid canola, although seed yields were still slightly lower than the ideal highest yielding spring broadcast/incorporated sulphate-S treatment.

一种新型组合式弯曲型金属阻尼器性能研究

为解决U形阻尼器承载能力低、耗能性差的问题,文中提出了由U形金属板与X形金属板组成的一种新型组合式弯曲型金属阻尼器,基于随动强化模型对阻尼器进行静力循环模拟加载,采用ABAQUS软件进行仿真研究,发现组合式金属阻尼器滞回性能和承载能力均有提高,比U形阻尼器承载能力提高了24%,根据材料屈服强度的理论分析,当X形金属板的材料屈服应力大于307.38 MPa时,组合式金属阻尼器可实现双级屈服效果,仿真中选用Q235B钢U形板和Q345B钢X形板,组合式金属阻尼器取得了较好的双阶段屈服效果。

火灾下LYP160屈曲约束支撑抗震性能研究

为研究屈曲约束支撑(buckling-restrained brace,BRB)及其体系在高温工况的抗震性能,对BRB芯材低屈服点LYP160钢材分别进行了常温和高温材料力学性能试验.通过与试验结果比较,建立了BRB热-力耦合精细化有限元分析模型,验证了该模型的准确性;对火灾下LYP160屈曲约束支撑的温度场、滞回曲线、骨架曲线和耗能能力等性能进行了对比分析;对不同工况(3种火灾工况和常温工况)下8层配置屈曲约束支撑钢框架(BRB structure,BS)和原结构(original structure,OS)分别进行了弹塑性动力时程分析.研究结果表明:3种火灾工况下BS的平均层间位移角较于OS分别降低了30.4%、33.2%和42%;OS柱塑性铰损坏严重,且更多出现在柱上,BS整体损坏程度较OS轻,更为安全可靠.

不同配方基肥对温郁金产量及其营养元素含量的影响

本试验研究了基肥氮磷钾不同比例配施对温郁金产量与品质的影响,为提高温郁金产量及品质提供科学依据。本研究采用大田试验,设置4个不同的施肥配方,各处理基肥用量均为750 kg·hm^(-2)。结果表明,在氮磷钾总用量相等的前提下,基施配方肥2的温郁金产量最高,与常规施肥比较,温郁金地下部分根茎、块根分别增产11.3%、17.9%。配方肥1和3相较常规施肥也提高了温郁金的产量,但统计上无显著差异。与常规施肥相比,配方肥处理提高了温郁金中氮和磷含量。同时,基施配方肥还可以提高根茎、块根中Ca、Mg及微量元素Zn、B等含量。综上,基肥施用配方肥2既能提高温郁金产量,又能提高根茎、块根中的大量元素及中微量元素含量,具有较好的推广应用价值。

中微量元素对水稻产量和品质的影响研究进展

中微量元素作为水稻生长发育所必需的营养元素,是多种酶系统的构成要素和激活剂,同时还参与光合作用、呼吸作用、激素合成及抗逆等一系列重要生理过程,对水稻生长及产量和品质的形成起着重要作用。因此,综述了对水稻具有显著作用的镁、锌、硒、铁元素的吸收、积累和代谢途径,以及它们对水稻产量和品质的影响,并深入分析了中微量元素在水稻生产中所面临的挑战,探讨了中微量元素在未来可持续发展农业中的必要性以及研究方向,旨在为通过合理施用中微量元素实现水稻高产和优质提供理论依据。

灌溉量与灌溉频率对番茄根系生长、产量和营养元素吸收的影响

【目的】明确不同灌溉量和灌溉频率以及二者交互作用对番茄根系生长发育和营养元素吸收的影响,探究二者调节番茄产量和水分利用效率的机制。【方法】试验在塑料大棚内进行,以金棚14-8番茄为试材,用20 cm标准蒸发皿累积蒸发量(AE)作为灌溉依据,设置低量(0.8AE)、中量(1.0AE)和高量(1.2AE)3种灌溉量,以蒸发皿累积蒸发量分别达到(10±2)mm时灌水(高频)和(20±2)mm时灌水(低频)2种灌溉频率,共6个处理。通过测定灌溉前后土壤体积含水量,番茄的根长、根表面积、根体积、根系活力,植株不同器官干鲜质量,产量及植物营养元素累积量等指标,综合分析各指标间的相关性以及番茄根系生长、产量、水分利用效率和营养元素吸收对灌溉量与灌溉频率的响应。【结果】灌溉量和灌溉频率对灌溉前后0~40 cm土层的土壤体积含水量、根系形态指标和根系活力均有显著影响,二者的交互作用对番茄果实膨大期的根长、根体积以及开花坐果期和果实膨大期的根系活力有显著影响。从开花坐果期到果实成熟期,番茄的根长、根表面积、根体积及G1根(根直径≤0.5 mm)、G2根(根直径>0.5 mm~≤2 mm)和G3根(根直径>2 mm)总长不断增加。在果实成熟期,高量高频处理的番茄根长(3522.16 cm)、根表面积(984.35 cm 2)、G1根总长(2458.53 cm)、G2根总长(1023.25 cm)最大,高量低频处理的番茄根体积(24.35 cm^(3))最大。从开花坐果期到果实成熟期,番茄根系活力不断降低,开花坐果期高量低频处理番茄的根系活力最强(根系活力为211.91 mg/(g·h)),果实成熟期不同处理的根系活力差异不显著。降低灌溉量可以提高番茄果实鲜质量占比,果实成熟期低量低频处理的番茄果实鲜质量占比最大(64.74%),但不同处理间果实干质量占比差异不显著,随着生育期推进,根、茎、叶的干鲜质量占比逐渐下降。增加灌溉量可以提高番茄植株K、N、P 3种元素累积量,高量高频处理的番茄K(6687.22 mg/株)、N(7220.38 mg/株)、P(2006.84 mg/株)累积量最高,分别较其他处理提高了1.89%~26.57%,6.63%~35.40%,8.92%~33.97%。灌溉量和灌溉频率对番茄果实产量和水分利用效率有显著影响,二者的交互作用对番茄果实产量有显著影响。在所有处理中,高量高频处理的番茄果实产量最高(93.93 t/hm 2),较其他处理提高了8.68%~34.47%;低量高频处理的番茄水分利用效率(31.33 kg/m^(3))最高,较其他处理提高了2.62%~23.54%。根系形态指标中的根长、根表面积、G1根总长、G2根总长与植株全K、全N、全P累积量和番茄产量呈显著正相关。【结论】高量高频灌溉可以提高番茄果实膨大期和成熟期的根长、根表面积、根体积、G1根总长和G2根总长,优化根系结构,提高番茄吸收水分和营养元素的能力,最终获得了最大的番茄果实产量和较高的水分利用效率。

锰元素影响小麦生长发育、产量和品质的研究进展

锰元素对小麦生长、产量及品质形成有重要作用。合理施用锰肥对小麦有明显的增产提质效果。本文总结了近年来关于锰元素对小麦影响的相关研究结果,阐述了锰元素的生物学功能,对小麦生长发育、产量及品质的影响,小麦锰含量的影响因素以及锰肥合理施用方法,探讨了锰元素对小麦生长发育的影响机制以及限制因子,旨在为小麦高产优质栽培中合理施锰提供参考。