Gearbox Fault Diagnosis using Adaptive Zero Phase Time-varying Filter Based on Multi-scale Chirplet Sparse Signal Decomposition

When used for separating multi-component non-stationary signals, the adaptive time-varying filter(ATF) based on multi-scale chirplet sparse signal decomposition(MCSSD) generates phase shift and signal distortion. To overcome this drawback, the zero phase filter is introduced to the mentioned filter, and a fault diagnosis method for speed-changing gearbox is proposed. Firstly, the gear meshing frequency of each gearbox is estimated by chirplet path pursuit. Then, according to the estimated gear meshing frequencies, an adaptive zero phase time-varying filter(AZPTF) is designed to filter the original signal. Finally, the basis for fault diagnosis is acquired by the envelope order analysis to the filtered signal. The signal consisting of two time-varying amplitude modulation and frequency modulation(AM-FM) signals is respectively analyzed by ATF and AZPTF based on MCSSD. The simulation results show the variances between the original signals and the filtered signals yielded by AZPTF based on MCSSD are 13.67 and 41.14, which are far less than variances (323.45 and 482.86) between the original signals and the filtered signals obtained by ATF based on MCSSD. The experiment results on the vibration signals of gearboxes indicate that the vibration signals of the two speed-changing gearboxes installed on one foundation bed can be separated by AZPTF effectively. Based on the demodulation information of the vibration signal of each gearbox, the fault diagnosis can be implemented. Both simulation and experiment examples prove that the proposed filter can extract a mono-component time-varying AM-FM signal from the multi-component time-varying AM-FM signal without distortion.

Multi-scale spatial relationships between soil total nitrogen and influencing factors in a basin landscape based on multivariate empirical mode decomposition

The relationships between soil total nitrogen(STN)and influencing factors are scale-dependent.The objective of this study was to identify the multi-scale spatial relationships of STN with selected environmental factors(elevation,slope and topographic wetness index),intrinsic soil factors(soil bulk density,sand content,silt content,and clay content)and combined environmental factors(including the first two principal components(PC1 and PC2)of the Vis-NIR soil spectra)along three sampling transects located at the upstream,midstream and downstream of Taiyuan Basin on the Chinese Loess Plateau.We separated the multivariate data series of STN and influencing factors at each transect into six intrinsic mode functions(IMFs)and one residue by multivariate empirical mode decomposition(MEMD).Meanwhile,we obtained the predicted equations of STN based on MEMD by stepwise multiple linear regression(SMLR).The results indicated that the dominant scales of explained variance in STN were at scale 995 m for transect 1,at scales 956 and 8852 m for transect 2,and at scales 972,5716 and 12,317 m for transect 3.Multi-scale correlation coefficients between STN and influencing factors were less significant in transect 3 than in transects 1 and 2.The goodness of fit root mean square error(RMSE),normalized root mean square error(NRMSE),and coefficient of determination(R2)indicated that the prediction of STN at the sampling scale by summing all of the predicted IMFs and residue was more accurate than that by SMLR directly.Therefore,the multi-scale method of MEMD has a good potential in characterizing the multi-scale spatial relationships between STN and influencing factors at the basin landscape scale.

Discrete Wavelet Multi-scale Decomposition of the Temporal Gravity Variations in North China

On the basis of the absolute and relative gravity observations in North China,spatial dynamic variation of regional gravity fields is obtained. A multi-scale decomposition technique is used to separate anomalies at different depths,and give some explanation to gravity variation at different time space scales. Gravity variation trends in North China are improved. Based on this result and the analysis of wavelet power spectrum,the images of the depth of wavelet approximation and detail are obtained. The results obtained are of scientific significance for the deep understanding of potential seismic risk in North China from gravity variations in different time space scales.

The Spatial Equivalence Between Wavelet Decomposition and Phase Space Embedding of EEG

Using both the wavelet decomposition and the phase space embedding, the phase trajectories of electroencephalogram (EEG) is described. It is illustrated based on the present work,that is,the wavelet decomposition of EEG is essentially a projection of EEG chaotic attractor onto the wavelet space opened by wavelet filter vectors, which is in correspondence with the phase space embedding of the same EEG. In other words, wavelet decomposition and phase space embedding are equivalent in methodology. Our experimental results show that in both the wavelet space and the embedded space the structure of phase trajectory of EEG is similar to each other. These results demonstrate that wavelet decomposition is effective on characterizing EEG time series.

Denoising of seismic data via multi-scale ridgelet transform

Noise has traditionally been suppressed or eliminated in seismic data sets by the use of Fourier filters and, to a lesser degree, nonlinear statistical filters. Although these methods are quite useful under specific conditions, they may produce undesirable effects for the low signal to noise ratio data. In this paper, a new method, multi-scale ridgelet transform, is used in the light of the theory of ridgelet transform. We employ wavelet transform to do sub-band decomposition for the signals and then use non-linear thresholding in ridgelet domain for every block. In other words, it is based on the idea of partition, at sufficiently fine scale, a curving singularity looks straight, and so ridgelet transform can work well in such cases. Applications on both synthetic data and actual seismic data from Sichuan basin, South China, show that the new method eliminates the noise portion of the signal more efficiently and retains a greater amount of geologic data than other methods, the quality and consecutiveness of seismic event are improved obviously as well as the quality of section is improved.

Multi-scale prediction of MEMS gyroscope random drift based on EMD-SVR

To improve the prediction accuracy of micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)gyroscope random drift series,a multi-scale prediction model based on empirical mode decomposition(EMD)and support vector regression(SVR)is proposed.Firstly,EMD is employed to decompose the raw drift series into a finite number of intrinsic mode functions(IMFs)with the frequency descending successively.Secondly,according to the time-frequency characteristic of each IMF,the corresponding SVR prediction model is established based on phase space reconstruction.Finally,the prediction results are obtained by adding up the prediction results of all IMFs with equal weight.The experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed model in random drift prediction of MEMS gyroscope.Compared with a single SVR model,the proposed model has higher prediction precision,which can provide the basis for drift error compensation of MEMS gyroscope.

A new image watermarking framework based on levels-directions decomposition in contourlet representation

With the development of digital information technologies,robust watermarking framework is taken into real consideration as a challenging issue in the area of image processing,due to the large applicabilities and its utilities in a number of academic and real environments.There are a wide range of solutions to provide image watermarking frameworks,while each one of them is attempted to address an efficient and applicable idea.In reality,the traditional techniques do not have sufficient merit to realize an accurate application.Due to the fact that the main idea behind the approach is organized based on contourlet representation,the only state-of-the-art materials that are investigated along with an integration of the aforementioned contourlet representation in line with watermarking framework are concentrated to be able to propose the novel and skilled technique.In a word,the main process of the proposed robust watermarking framework is organized to deal with both new embedding and de-embedding processes in the area of contourlet transform to generate watermarked image and the corresponding extracted logo image with high accuracy.In fact,the motivation of the approach is that the suggested complexity can be of novelty,which consists of the contourlet representation,the embedding and the corresponding de-embedding modules and the performance monitoring including an analysis of the watermarked image as well as the extracted logo image.There is also a scrambling module that is working in association with levels-directions decomposition in contourlet embedding mechanism,while a decision maker system is designed to deal with the appropriate number of sub-bands to be embedded in the presence of a series of simulated attacks.The required performance is tangibly considered through an integration of the peak signal-to-noise ratio and the structural similarity indices that are related to watermarked image.And the bit error rate and the normal correlation are considered that are related to the extracted logo analysis,as well.Subsequently,the outcomes are fully analyzed to be competitive with respect to the potential techniques in the image colour models including hue or tint in terms of their shade,saturation or amount of gray and their brightness via value or luminance and also hue,saturation and intensity representations,as long as the performance of the whole of channels are concentrated to be presented.The performance monitoring outcomes indicate that the proposed framework is of significance to be verified.

风力机齿轮箱无监督故障诊断方法研究

针对风力机齿轮箱振动信号具有强非线性特征,提出了改进变分模态分解方法对信号进行分解以提取特征分量,并以混沌相图及Lyapunov指数量化信号的非线性变化。采用随机近邻嵌入算法对多模态非线性故障特征集的冗余特征进行降维,以保证故障特征提取的可靠性并提升故障诊断准确率,所提出的无监督故障诊断框架无需人为对故障样本进行标注,更适合工程应用,并将所提方法应用于NREL GRC风力机齿轮箱故障。结果表明:改进变分模态分解方法可准确实现多模态特征提取,结合随机近邻嵌入算法,可有效消除冗余特征保证故障信息的可靠性,且同类样本聚集、异类样本差异增大,聚类表现更清晰,提升了故障分类的准确率。

Rolling bearing performance degradation evaluation by VMD and embedding selection-based NPE

In order to improve the incipient fault sensitivity and stability of degradation index in the rolling bearing performance degradation evaluation process,an embedding selection-based neighborhood preserving embedding(ESNPE)method is proposed.Firstly,the acquired vibration signals are decomposed by variational mode decomposition(VMD),and the singular value and relative energy of each intrinsic mode function(IMF)are extracted to form a high-dimensional feature set.Then,the NPE manifold learning method is used to extract the embedded features in the feature space.Considering the problem that useful embedding information is easily suppressed in NPE,an embedding selection strategy is built based on the Spearman correlation coefficient.The effectiveness of embeddings is measured by the coefficient absolute value,and useful embeddings are preserved in the early stage of bearing degradation by using the first-order difference method.Finally,the degradation index is established using the support vector data description(SVDD)model and bearing performance degradation evaluation is achieved.The proposed method was tested with the whole life experiment data of a rolling bearing,and the result was compared with the feature extraction methods of traditional principal component analysis(PCA)and NPE.The results show that the proposed method is superior in improving the incipient fault sensitivity and stability of the degradation index.

Interpretations of gravity and Songliao Basin with Wavelet magnetic anomalies in the Multi-scale Decomposition

In this paper, we introduce the method of Wavelet Multi-scale Decomposition （WMD） combined with Power Spectrum Analysis （PSA） for the separation of regional gravity and magnetic anomalies. The Songliao Basin is situated between the Siberian Plate and the North China Plate, and its main structural trend of gravity and magnetic anomaly fields is NNE. The study area shows a significant feature of deep collage-type construction. According to the feature of gravity field, the region was divided into five sub-regions. The gravity and magnetic fields of the Songliao Basin were separated using WMD with a 4th order separation. The apparent depth of anomalies in each order was determined by Logarithmic PSA. Then, the shallow high-frequency anomalies were removed and the 2nd-4th order wavelet detail anomalies were used to study the basin＇s major faults. Twenty-six faults within the basement were recognized. The 4th order wavelet approximate anomalies were used for the inversion of the Moho discontinuity and the Curie isothermal surface.

KERNEL NEIGHBORHOOD PRESERVING EMBEDDING FOR CLASSIFICATION

The Neighborhood Preserving Embedding(NPE) algorithm is recently proposed as a new dimensionality reduction method.However, it is confined to linear transforms in the data space.For this, based on the NPE algorithm, a new nonlinear dimensionality reduction method is proposed, which can preserve the local structures of the data in the feature space.First, combined with the Mercer kernel, the solution to the weight matrix in the feature space is gotten and then the corresponding eigenvalue problem of the Kernel NPE(KNPE) method is deduced.Finally, the KNPE algorithm is resolved through a transformed optimization problem and QR decomposition.The experimental results on three real-world data sets show that the new method is better than NPE, Kernel PCA(KPCA) and Kernel LDA(KLDA) in performance.

基于AVMD和排列熵的t分布邻域嵌入流形HHO-SVM模拟电路故障诊断方法

随着信息大数据时代的到来,对于电子系统的依赖程度越来越高,因此模拟电路的故障诊断的准确度要求与日俱增。而模拟电路故障诊断困难,是电子系统诊断维修的瓶颈。本文提出基于自适应变分模态分解(AVMD)和排列熵(PE)的t分布邻域嵌入流形哈里斯鹰优化支持向量机(HHO-SVM)模拟电路故障诊断方法。首先,利用AVMD对待测电路的观测信号进行自适应变分模态分解,得到多组IMF信号,不仅可以克服噪声干扰,而且可以来自适应地确定分解模式的数量,进一步提升分解精度;再对IMF计算排列熵,以充分体现IMF不同时段局部特征,二者相结合构建故障特征向量。并在此基础上,采用t分布式随机邻域嵌入(t-SNE)实现特征空间的流形学习和降维,构建具有良好区分度且保留原来的局部结构特征的故障特征向量;最后依靠哈里斯鹰优化支持向量机(HHO-SVM),使其具有良好的分类准确度,从而最终完成电路故障诊断。通过仿真验证,结果显示,本文方法故障诊断正确率可达100%,效果良好。

基于注意力特征解耦的跨年龄身份成员推理

生成对抗网络(GANs)模型可以生成高分辨率的“不存在”的物体真实图像,近期被广泛应用于各种人工合成数据,尤其是人脸图像生成领域。然而,由于基于该模型的人脸生成器通常需要根据不同身份高度敏感的面部图像进行训练,其中存在潜在数据泄露使得攻击者能够对身份成员关系进行推断的问题。为此,首先设计对查询身份所获取样本与其实际参与训练样本之间存在巨大差异时的身份成员推理攻击,这些差异会导致基于样本推理身份成员关系的性能急剧下降;其次,在此基础上设计基于各身份解耦表征的重建误差攻击方案,在最大化消除不同样本间背景姿势等因素影响的同时,消除巨大年龄跨度导致的表征差异,进一步提高了攻击性能;最后,基于3个代表性的人脸数据集在3个主流GAN架构上训练生成模型并进行攻击,实验结果表明,在各种攻击场景下,此攻击方案较对比方法AUCROC值平均提高0.2。

Decomposition and embedment of trajectories after explosion for a birth and death process

Let X = X(t),t < σ (σ is lifespan) be a birth and death process with explosion whose characteristic triple is (α, C, D). For a set $\bar M \subset \bar E = \left\{ {0, 1, 2, \cdots , \infty } \right\}$ , reserving the trajectories before the first explosion time τ and decomposing the trajectories after τ for X according to $\bar M$ we obtain a new birth and death process $_{\bar M} X = \left\{ {_{\bar M} X\left( t \right), t < _{\bar M} \tau } \right\}$ . We calculate the average lifetime after τ for $_{\bar M} X$ and corresponding characteristic triple $\left( {_{\bar M} \alpha , _{\bar M} C, _{\bar M} D} \right)_{\bar M} X$ of $_{\bar M} X$ in terms of (α,C, D) and $\bar M$ . This means that a lot of given birth and death processes can be embedded in one and the same birth and death process. If $k \in \bar E$ and $\bar M = \left\{ k \right\}$ , we decompose X into $_k X, k \in \bar E$ .

Three-Dimensional Density Distribution and Seismic Activity along the Guxiang–Tongmai Segment of the Jiali Fault,Tibet

The Guxiang-Tongmai segment of the Jiali fault is situated northeast of the Namche Barwa Syntaxis in northeastern Tibet.It is one of the most active strike-slip faults near the syntaxis and plays a pivotal role in the examination of seismic activity within the eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.New study in the research region has yielded a 1:200000 gravity dataset covering an area 1500 km^(2).Using wavelet transform multiscale decomposition,scratch analysis techniques,and 3D gravity inversion methods,gravity anomalies,fault distributions,and density structures were determined across various scales.Through the integration of our new gravity data with other geophysical and geological information,our findings demonstrate substantial variations in the overall crustal density within the region,with the fault distribution closely linked to these density fluctuations.Disparities in stratigraphic density are important causes of variations in the capacity of geological formations to endure regional tectonic stress.Earthquakes are predominantly concentrated within the density transition zone and are primarily situated in regions of elevated density.The hanging wall stress within the Guxiang-Tongmai segment of the Jiali fault exhibits a notable concentration,marked by pronounced anisotropy,and is positioned within the density differential zone,which is prone to earthquakes.

嵌入Hankel化结构的张量恢复算法

本文提出了一种嵌入Hankel化结构基于环分解的张量恢复算法(HiTR).对一般张量采用多向延迟嵌入技术(MDT)构造嵌入Hankel结构的张量,使得所恢复的张量具有特殊结构.利用环分解的张量恢复算法,从结构入手考虑构造Hankel结构的张量环因子去逼近.最后通过实验验证了所提出算法的可行性,与其他张量环分解的恢复算法相比提高了恢复精度,并进行了收敛性分析证明了算法的有效性.

Property A and Uniform Embeddability of Metric Spaces Under Decompositions of Finite Depth

Property A and uniform embeddability are notions of metric geometry which imply the coarse Baum-Connes conjecture and the Novikov conjecture.In this paper,the authors prove the permanence properties of property A and uniform embeddability of metric spaces under large scale decompositions of finite depth.

三维薛定谔方程组的线性Profile分解

为了研究线性薛定谔方程组解Strichartz估计的紧性缺失问题,针对H•^(1)(R^(3))×H•^(1)(R^(3))中的三维线性薛定谔方程组的有界解向量序列,使用解序列的Profile分解方法,构造为解向量子列的(1/√h_(n))U(t-t_(n))/h_(n)^(2),(x-x_(n))/h_(n)类型的Profile分解和.其中,U是线性薛定谔方程组的解向量,在Strichartz范数估计下具有一个很小的余项.首先确定伸缩变换参数序列族,利用傅里叶变换和迭代的思想确定Profile分解族.其次验证了Profile分解和的收敛性,说明了Strichartz范数下余项的收敛性.最后证明了当线性薛定谔方程组的解序列有界时,都可以分解为解向量子列和的形式.

Multi-Scale Multi-Domain Hybrid Finite Element Modeling of Light Propagation

We revisit finite element method of modeling multi-scale photonic/electromagnetic devices via the proposed beam basis function,in combination with domain decompositions.Our approach ensures mathematical and physical consistency,can also handle multi-scale computational tasks efficiently with the assistance of the damping block-Jacobi iterative solver.By implementing the first-order Robin transmission condition at the interfaces between neighboring subdomains and introducing the dual“current”vari-ables,we can significantly reduce the computational burden and communication data volume during the iterative solving process.The theoretical foundation and detailed implementation procedures are presented,accompanied with two representative examples.The first example is a refractive-diffractive hybrid optical system with feature size contrast up to 104,while the second example is the free surface optical system wherein the geometric ray tracing algorithm is inadequate.The obtained results for the two examples show excellent agreement with the standard finite element method(standard FEM)with significantly reducing the number of meshes required for computation and memory usages to nearly one-fifth.Since the computational time is inversely proportional to the num-ber of decomposed subdomains(N)under the parallel computing configuration,the computational time in our work is approximately 1/3Nreduced to of that using standard FEM for the two examples.

心音的非线性时间序列分析——冠状动脉疾病无损检测的新方法

为了获取冠状动脉堵塞病人的心音特征,从而为临床预诊断冠状动脉疾病提供新的无损检测方法,通过非线性时间序列分析的方法———相关维来分析心音时间序列,获得了有关冠状动脉堵塞的血液动力学特征信息.对相关病例进行分析,发现通过相关维数刻划出了大多数冠状动脉堵塞病人的心舒期心音序列内在的确定性行为;而大多数正常人的心舒期心音序列得不到具体的相关维数.利用本文提供的相关维数分析方法,在曲线D2(M;r)-ln(r)上寻找平台期,可以达到对冠状动脉疾病无损检测的目的.