Phytochemistry and ethnomedicinal qualities of metabolites from Phyllanthus emblica L.:A review

Phyllanthus emblica or Indian gooseberry is an integrated part of Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicines.For several decades,the well-known ancient herb has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine to cure diseases like fever,diabetes,constipation,jaundice,ulcers,biliousness,anemia,anorexia,and dyspepsia.In the traditional system,Indian gooseberry has various ethnomedicinal applications.In the Ayurvedic system,different methods of administration(anupan)have shown different ethnomedicinal properties of Indian gooseberry.Seventy well-known chemical components in Indian gooseberry have been identified through phytochemical evaluation,among which the flavonoids and phenols are most prominent.From the toxicity perspective,it is considered a safe herb in India,and is taken as a food supplement in European countries.The wide-spectrum pharmacological activities of the crude extracts and isolates of Indian gooseberry are attributed to the predominance of phenols and flavonoids.Thus,it is important to study the exact mechanism of the activity of the phytochemicals in Indian gooseberry,especially in anti-cancer activities.Extract of Indian gooseberry enhances proliferation in several cancer cells in vitro,including stem cells like ovarian cancer(OC)cells,and also has been observed to possess anti-proliferative characteristics in vivo.This review intends to explore the therapeutic potential of Indian gooseberry based on scientific reports and attempts to find the gaps for future research.

余甘子(Phyllanthus emblica L.)Vc含量分析

采用2,6-二氯酚靛酚滴定法分析比较了余甘子各器官之间、同品种不同植株之间、不同余甘子品种之间以及与野生资源之间的Vc含量以及不同预处理方法对Vc测定的影响。结果表明,Vc在余甘子各器官中均有分布,以果实与初生幼叶中居多,茎、根中含量较低;皇帝甘与粉甘含量较多,但与其它品种的差异不大;5个野生资源单株Vc含量差异极显著,其中有3个野生单株的果肉Vc含量高于主栽品种粉甘。

余甘(Phyllanthus emblica L.)大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育研究

采用常规石蜡切片技术,对平丹1号余甘大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育进行研究。结果表明:药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层为腺质绒毡层;小孢子母细胞减数分裂时胞质分裂为同时型;产生四面体形四分体;成熟的花粉粒为二细胞型花粉;平丹1号余甘的雌蕊为上位子房,3心皮3室,每室含倒生胚珠2枚,为厚珠心,具珠心喙,胚囊为蓼形;平丹1号余甘部分大孢子母细胞、大孢子及胚囊发育异常,致使不能形成正常的卵细胞,不能进行受精。

Anti-diabetic activity of quercetin extracted from Phyllanthus emblica L.fruit: In silico and in vivo approaches

In this study, molecular interactions of the ligands, quercetin, gallic acid, and metformin with various diabetes mellitus-related protein targets, such as glycogen phosphorylase and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma, were assessed. It was revealed that quercetin possesses good binding affinity to both targets. Quercetin is a major constituent of methanolic extracts of Phyllanthus emblica fruit. The antihyperglycemic effect of quercetin in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats was examined. The isolated quercetin administered at a dose of 75 mg/kg body weight produced a maximum decrease of14.78% in blood glucose levels in the diabetic rats after 7 days of treatment. Furthermore, quercetin doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg were shown to significantly improve the profiles of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol at the end of the study in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The administration of quercetin(25, 50, and 75 mg/kg body weight)daily for 28 days in STZ-induced diabetic rats resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose and urine sugar levels, with a considerable rise in plasma insulin and hemoglobin levels. Therefore, quercetin is a potential drug with antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic action mediated by changes in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides as indicated by in silico and in vivo studies.

Effect of Phyllanthus emblica Linn.on Candida adhesion to oral epithelium and denture acrylic

Objective:To investigate the effect of Phyllanthus emblica(P.emblica) Linn,ethanolic extract on the adhesion of Candida albicans(C.albicans) to human buccal epithelial cells(BECs) and denture acrylic surfaces.Methods:Human BECs and transparent acrylic strips were pretreated with ethanolic extract solution of P.emblica fruits at concentration ranged from 18.7 to 300 mg/mL.After washing BECs and the strips were inoculated with three strains of C.albicans (ATCC 10281 and two clinical isolates)(10~7 cells/mL).Normal saline solution(NSS) and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate were used as negative and positive controls,respectively.BECs were harvested on 12μm-polycarbonate filters(Millipore,USA).The membrane filters and the strips were stained with Gram stain.Adherent yeast cells on 100 randomly selected epithelial cells and 20 randomly selected fields on each strip were counted under microscope.The statistical significance was calculated by Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests at a significant level of P【0.05. Results:Significant lower numbers of all strains of yeasts adhering to BECs and acrylic strips were observed after exposure to 75-300 mg/mL of plant extract compared with NSS.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that P.emblica ethanolic extract interferes with the adhesion of C. albicans to BECs and denture acrylic surfaces in vitro.

Synergistic growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia bellerica extracts with conventional cytotoxic agents:Doxorubicin and cisplatin against human hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer cells

AIM: To examine the growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) and Terminalia bellerica (T. bellerica) extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and lung carcinoma (A549) cells and their synergistic effect with doxorubicin or cisplatin. METHODS: HepG2 and A549 cells were treated with P. emblica and T. bellerica extracts either alone or in combination with doxorubicin or cisplatin and effects on cell growth were determined using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The isobologram and combination index (CI) method of Chou-Talalay were used to evaluate interactions between plant extracts and drugs. RESULTS: P. emblica and T. bellerica extracts demonstrated growth inhibitory activity, with a certain degree of selectivity against the two cancer cell lines tested. Synergistic effects (CI < 1) for P. emblica /doxorubicin or cisplatin at different dose levels were demonstrated in A549 and HepG2 cells. The T. bellerica/ cisplatin or doxorubicin also showed synergistic effects in A549 and HepG2 cells. In some instances, the combinations resulted in antagonistic effects. The dose reduction level was different and specific to each combination and cell line. CONCLUSION: The growth inhibitory activity of doxorubicin or cisplatin, as a single agent, may be modified by combinations of P. emblica or T. bellerica extracts and be synergistically enhanced in some cases. Depending on the combination ratio, the doses for each drug for a given degree of effect in the combination may be reduced. The mechanisms involved in this interaction between chemotherapeutic drugs and plant extracts remain unclear and should be further evaluated.

Effect of Total Flavonoids from Phyllanthus emblica L. on Tumor Proliferation and Immune Function

[Objectives]To explore the effect of total flavonoids from Phyllanthus emblica L.on tumor proliferation and immune function.[Methods]The effects of total flavonoids of P.emblica L.on the proliferation of 6 different tumor cell lines(human hepatoma cell line HepG-2,human cervical cancer cell line Hela,human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901,human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2,human lung cancer cell line H460 and human ovarian cancer cell line A2780)were compared by SRB method.The effect of total flavonoids from P.emblica L.on the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes induced by concanavalin(ConA)or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in vitro was detected by CCK-8 method.[Results]The results of SRB assay showed that compared with the normal group,the total flavonoids of P.emblica L.had obvious inhibitory effect on 6 kinds of tumor cells.Among them,the inhibitory effect on H460 cells and CNE-2 cells was the most significant,and the IC50 was(471.36±50.66),(463.26±40.75)μg/mL,respectively.The high dose group of total flavonoids from P.emblica L.had the same inhibitory effect as the positive drug 5-Fu.The results of CCK-8 assay showed that compared with the blank group,the total flavonoids of P.emblica L.significantly inhibited the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes induced by ConA or LPS(*P<0.05,**P<0.01).[Conclusions]The total flavonoids of P.emblica L.had significant anti-tumor activity.

Investigation of Antidiabetic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i>Linn. Fruits in Experimental Animal Models

Hypoglycemic effects were investigated in the ethanolic extract of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. with long evans rats (100-120 g). Residual gut sucrose content, gut perfusion and disaccharidase activity studies were carried out to assess these activities. The residual gut sucrose content study was carried out to reveal the amount of sucrose remaining in the gastro intestinal tract (GIT) at six different segments. The ethanolic fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. significantly increases the residual sucrose content throughout the gut after sucrose ingestion. Study on intestinal enzyme activity showed that the extract caused a significant (p 0.05), dose dependent inhibition of intestinal disaccharidase enzyme activity. Evaluation of the effect of the plant extract on intestinal enzyme activity showed significant inhibition of intestinal disaccharidase activity, suggesting that reduction of sucrose absorption may be partly related to the inhibition of disaccharidase activity in the gut. The gut perfusion analysis showed that the extract significantly reduced intestinal glucose absorption. The results of the present study suggest that ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. has significant antidiabetic effects in a dose dependent manner and this may be effective in the treatment of diabetes.

Prolonged Seed Dormancy in <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i>L. Can Be Overturned by Seed Scarification and Gibberellin Pre Treatment

Phyllanthus emblica L. is an important constituent of Ayurvedic medicine and a fresh fruit species in the market in Sri Lanka. Therefore, it has a high potential to be established as a commercial fruit crop. The seeds of P. emblica are semi orthodox and exhibit a long dormancy period hindering the natural sexual propagation. Therefore, it still remains as an underutilized fruit crop in Sri Lanka due to its lack of quality planting material and poor propagation techniques. Long term dormancy also causes a big challenge in germinating seeds to create populations in breeding programs. In order to promote P. emblica from its underutilized status, what seems most feasible is to develop a method to break up the seed dormancy artificially. In order to do so, the methods of breaking the dormancy of P. emblica seeds have to be studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify a method to break up the seed dormancy of P. emblica. The seeds were extracted from 21 trees belonging to three different districts in Sri Lanka. The selected viable seeds were subjected to four different pre treatments: none treated seeds (i.e. control), seeds scarified, seeds scarified and treated with 1% gibberellin and seed coat removed and followed by seeds treated with 1% gibberellin. From the four treatments, seed dormancy was overturned with a germination percentage of 43% by the seed pre treatment where the seeds were scarified and treated with 1% gibberellin and no other pre treatment methods were successful in breaking the dormancy. This suggests that the natural germination potential of P. emblica seeds is very low and it can be overridden by seed scarification and gibberellin pre treatment.

Investigation of the Phytoconstituents and Bioactivity of Various Parts of Wild Type and Cultivated <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i>L.

Phyllanthus emblica L. belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae is a common medicinal plant in Bangladesh. In order to evaluate the phytoconstituents and bioactivity of various parts of P. emblica, both the wild type (i.e., small) and cultivated (i.e., big) fruits were collected from the local market of Bangladesh and six ethanolic extracts were prepared from various parts of the collected fruits for this current study. A comparative analysis of the phytochemical compositions and various bioactivities especially antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity of the six ethanolic extracts were accomplished. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of plant extracts revealed the presence of large amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, glycosides, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and resins etc. The maximum antioxidant activity was observed for wild type P. emblica seed extracts and the minimum activity was observed for cultivated flesh extracts. Moreover, among the samples the wild type P. emblica extracts have excellent amount of total phenol contents and the highest free radical scavenging activity. It is also found that P. emblica samples were active against both gram-positive (i.e., B. subtilis) and gram-negative (i.e., E. coli, and S. typhi) bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was achieved in the wild type P. emblica seed extracts against both pathogenic (S. typhi) and non-pathogenic bacterial strains (E. coli, and B. subtilis). These samples showed almost no activity against Fusarium sp. fungus.

Effects of 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose from P. emblica on HBsAg and HBeAg Secretion in HepG2.2.15 Cell Culture

A polyphenolic compound, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (1246TGG), was isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Phyllanthus emblica L. (Euphorbiaceae) and assayed for its potential as an anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) agent. The cytotoxicity of 1246TGG on HepG2.2.15 as well as HepG2 cells was determined by observing cytopathic effects, and the effects of 1246TGG on secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2.2.15 cells were assayed by enzyme immunoassay. Results indicates that treatment with 1246TGG (6.25 μg/mL, 3.13 μg/mL), reduced both HBsAg and HBeAg levels in culture supernatant, yet the inhibitory effects tend to decline with the assay time. This study provides a basis for further investigation of the anti-HBV activity and possible mechanism of action of 1246TGG.

余甘子斑点病病原菌鉴定、生物学特性及防治药剂筛选

【目的】明确余甘子果实斑点病的病原菌种类,了解其生物学特性,筛选有效的防治药剂,为余甘子果实斑点病的科学诊断和田间防治提供理论依据。【方法】从广东省汕尾市陆河县余甘子产业园种植基地采集发生斑点病的余甘子果实,采用组织分离法对余甘子斑点病病果进行病原菌分离,通过形态学特征和基于多基因(ITS、TUB和EF1-α)的系统发育进化分析对病原菌进行鉴定;采用针刺接种法测定病原菌菌株的致病力;采用菌丝生长速率法测定不同培养条件对病原菌菌丝生长的影响;通过室内毒力测定评估12种常见杀菌剂对病原菌的抑菌活性。【结果】从余甘子病果中分离出1株病原真菌菌株PE3,致病性测定结果表明,该菌株为余甘子斑点病致病菌,其形态特征与间座壳菌Diaporthe phoenicicola相似,且其ITS、TUB和EF1-α基因系统发育进化树分析显示与D.phoenicicola聚在同一分支。生物学特性测定结果显示,菌株PE3菌丝生长的最适温度为25℃,最适p H为7,最适生长碳源为甘油和蔗糖,最适生长氮源为酵母提取物。室内毒力测定结果显示,450 g/L咪鲜胺乳油对菌株PE3菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,抑制中浓度(EC_(50))为0.019 mg/L;其次是8%氟硅唑微乳剂、10%苯醚甲环唑微乳剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂,EC_(50)分别为0.023、0.124和0.194 mg/L;而2%春雷霉素水剂对菌株PE3菌丝生长的抑制效果最差,EC_(50)为402.336 mg/L。【结论】间座壳菌D.phoenicicola是引起余甘子果实斑点病的病原菌,450 g/L咪鲜胺乳油、8%氟硅唑微乳剂、10%苯醚甲环唑微乳剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂能有效防治余甘子果实斑点病,可在余甘子种植中推广应用。

余甘子提取物与四种中药提取物复配的促消化效果的研究

通过小鼠小肠运动、胃排空、大鼠摄食量、体重增加、食物利用率、胃蛋白酶测定等实验对比余甘子提取物分别与四种提取物(陈皮、茯苓、山楂及白术)两两复配(两两复配产品),及五种提取物复配产品的促消化效果。结果表明两两复配产品及五种提取物复配产品均能显著提高小鼠小肠推进率,并能显著提高其胃排空率;五种提取物复配产品组较空白组显著提升大鼠食物利用率(P<0.05);余甘子山楂复配产品组,余甘子茯苓复配产品组及五种提取物复配产品组相较空白组大鼠的胃蛋白酶活性都有明显提升(P<0.05);除了余甘子陈皮复配提取物外,相较空白组,其他两两复配产品组均有提升大鼠胃蛋白酶排出量的效果(P<0.05)。其作用可能与提高胃肠动力及提高胃蛋白酶活力相关,本研究为余甘子等复配提取物改善胃肠消化功能提供理论依据,并为研发提高胃肠动力的产品提供思路。

超声辅助不同小分子糖渗透处理后真空冷冻干燥油柑的品质比较

该研究评价了超声辅助五种小分子糖渗透处理后冻干油柑的理化特性及体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:相比对照组,经超声辅助渗糖处理的油柑水分损失率、固形物增加率升高;冻干油柑内部孔隙更加致密,硬度显著提高、脆度基本保持,复水性下降;低聚异麦芽糖处理组的吸湿率(18.25%)低于对照组(22.54%);葡萄糖和麦芽糖处理组的冻干油柑色差ΔE小,分别为2.73和1.71,即颜色保留率高;低聚麦芽糖和蔗糖对冻干油柑的风味强化效果较好;蔗糖、葡萄糖和麦芽糖处理组的冻干油柑可滴定酸含量较低;与对照组玻璃化转变温度(T_(g)=43.66℃)相比,麦芽糖处理组的T_(g)升高到45.53℃,其他处理组则显著降低了样品的T_(g);除木糖醇处理组(9.44 mg/g)外,不同超声渗糖处理组的总酚保留率均较高;蔗糖和低聚异麦芽糖渗透处理可有效保持冻干油柑的体外抗氧化能力。总的来说,超声辅助蔗糖和低异聚麦芽糖渗透处理的冻干油柑品质较好,其中低异聚麦芽糖可作为一种蔗糖替代品用于开发功能性冻干油柑。

云南野生余甘子鞣花酸和漆黄素的减肥降脂作用

余甘子(Phyllanthus emblica,PE)是近年广受关注的药食两用水果,但关于其减肥降脂功效及具体作用成分鲜有报道。该研究提取了云南野生PE富含的黄酮多酚物质(Phyllanthus Emblica Extract,PEE),发现其在小鼠前脂肪细胞(3T3-L1)模型中,能够显著抑制3T3-L1细胞分化至成熟脂肪细胞,减少脂滴生成量,300μg/mL作用时,细胞总甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(Total Cholesterol,TC)相对含量分别降低至66.47%、40.87%,这表明,云南野生PE中的PEE具有减肥降脂潜力。通过HPLC分析测得,云南野生PE中含有3030.78μg/g鞣花酸,560.70μg/g漆黄素。将鞣花酸和漆黄素以5:1的比例还原搭配成混合物(Ellagic Acid and Fisetin,EF),研究其对高脂饮食(High Fat Diet,HFD)小鼠模型的影响。结果显示,EF能够抑制HFD小鼠的体质量和白色脂肪增长,高剂量干预时,血清TG、TC、LDL-C含量分别降低了45.48%、12.06%、37.54%,HDL-C水平提高了18.75%;HFD小鼠的肝脏指数、血清中ALT和AST分别降低了7.80%、21.59%、41.64%。EF具有减肥降脂功效,且对肝脏具有一定的修复作用,是云南野生PE减肥降脂作用的重要成分。

余甘子水提物对黑腹果蝇寿命及攀爬能力的保护作用

目的:余甘子(PE)是一种富含多种酚类物质和有机酸等化合物的药食两用植物资源。本研究拟探讨PE水提物对正常生理条件和镉(Cd)胁迫条件下果蝇寿命及攀爬能力的影响。方法:采用1.6、8、16 mg/mL PE水提物分别作用于野生型雌雄红黑腹果蝇,寻找有效提高其寿命及攀爬能力的最佳PE水提物浓度和最佳处理时间,并检测最佳浓度PE水提物处理后对雌雄果蝇体内SOD、CAT活性、MDA含量的影响。用5、10、20、40 mg/L CdCl_(2)单独作用于雌雄果蝇,摸索有效降低果蝇寿命的最适CdCl_(2)浓度,在此基础上采用1.6、8、16 mg/mL PE水提物联合最适浓度CdCl_(2)处理雌雄果蝇,探讨PE水提物对Cd胁迫下雌雄果蝇寿命及攀爬能力的影响。结果:与对照组相比,16 mg/mL PE水提物有助于延长正常生理条件下雌雄果蝇寿命(P<0.05);在最佳浓度(雌性1.6 mg/mL、雄性8 mg/mL)PE水提物处理下,有效提高雌雄果蝇攀爬能力的最佳处理时间呈现出性别差异,雌果蝇的最佳处理时间为22 d,雄果蝇为10 d,但最佳浓度PE水提物分别处理雌雄果蝇10、22、33、45 d均不能提高其体内抗氧化酶活性。与对照组相比,40 mg/L CdCl_(2)作用下雌雄果蝇的平均寿命降低最多(P<0.01),后续以40 mg/L作为最适Cd胁迫浓度。与对照组比较,8和16 mg/mL PE水提物有助于延长40 mg/L CdCl_(2)胁迫下雄果蝇的寿命但处理18 d后其攀爬能力显著降低(P<0.05),1.6、8和16 mg/mL PE水提物处理对雌果蝇的寿命和攀爬能力则均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论:PE水提物有助于延长正常生理条件下雌雄果蝇的寿命和攀爬能力,延长Cd胁迫下雄果蝇的寿命但降低其攀爬能力,表明PE对果蝇的保护作用存在性别差异。

余甘子提取物及其复配物改善大鼠的功能性消化不良症状

该研究通过《保健食品功能检验与评价方法(2022年版)》中的促进消化功能检验方法中小鼠小肠运动、大鼠增重、摄食量、食物利用率、胃蛋白酶测定等试验研究了余甘子单方和四种复方的促消化效果。结果表明,余甘子(单方组),余甘子、山楂、茯苓和陈皮(复方1组),余甘子、山楂、白术和麦芽(复方2组),余甘子、山楂、茯苓、白术和陈皮(复方3组),余甘子、山楂、茯苓、白术、麦芽和陈皮(复方4组)小鼠小肠推进率分别提高了65.99%、80.53%、107.91%、67.47%、90.47%(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.0001,P<0.05,P<0.001),大鼠胃蛋白酶活性分别增强了89.24%、60.42%、103.07%、74.56%、106.84%(P<0.01,P≥0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01),大鼠胃蛋白酶排出量分别增强了89.30%、60.39%、103.14%、74.69%、106.98%(P<0.01,P≥0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01)。此外,复方4组大鼠食物利用率增加了15.35%(P<0.05),体质量增长、摄食量无显著差异(P≥0.05),其他组别的上述3项指标均无显著影响(P≥0.05)。研究表明余甘子提取物及其复配物可有效改善大鼠功能性消化不良症状。该研究为余甘子及其复配物促消化功能产品的开发和推广提供了相应的理论参考。

余甘子多酚提取工艺及测定方法研究进展

余甘子是我国常用的药食同源植物,多酚类成分是余甘子的主要活性成分之一。现代药理学研究表明,余甘子多酚具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤及保肝护肝等作用。因此,余甘子中多酚类成分的高效提取及含量测定研究对于深度开发利用余甘子及其相关功能保健产品开发具有重要意义。本文对近年来关于余甘子多酚的提取工艺及测定方法的研究进行综述,以期为余甘子多酚的进一步开发利用提供参考依据。

基于模糊数学和响应面法优化余甘子果汁饮料生产工艺

以新鲜余甘子果实为原料制备余甘子果汁饮料。在单因素试验的基础上,以综合得分为指标,通过正交试验优化纤维素酶酶解工艺;再在单因素试验的基础上,以综合感官评分为指标,通过响应面法优化余甘子果汁饮料配方。结果表明:最佳酶解工艺为纤维素酶添加量0.15%(以余甘子原汁质量计)、酶解温度55℃、酶解时间40 min;最佳饮料配方为以余甘子果汁饮料质量为基准,余甘子原汁添加量30%、白砂糖添加量11%、食盐添加量0.13%、柠檬酸添加量0.18%,在此条件下制得的余甘子果汁饮料色、香、味佳,综合感官评分为88.10。

余甘子果实不同发育阶段品质比较

为了解余甘子果实品质随果实发育的动态变化规律,以‘高黎贡山’和‘保山2号’两个余甘子品种为研究材料,于4个不同发育阶段(7月16日、9月1日、10月15日、11月30日)分别采集两个品种的果实测定其水分、可溶性固形物、可食率、总酸、总糖、维生素C、单宁酸、多酚和没食子酸含量等指标,分析其动态变化规律;基于各品质指标间的相关性进行分析,并利用主成分分析对各发育阶段果实品质指标进行综合评价,以确定适宜采收期。结果表明,同品种余甘子所测定的品质指标在不同发育阶段差异极显著(P<0.01)。各个指标在果实发育趋向成熟的过程中的变化趋势因指标而异,总酸、总糖、维生素C和多酚含量随着果实不断发育呈先升高后降低的趋势,可溶性固形物含量则先降低后升高。‘高黎贡山’和‘保山2号’余甘子的总糖和多酚相关系数最高,均在0.9以上。基于所有品质指标测定及分析结果,认为10月15日左右为两个品种余甘子果实的最佳采收期,此时采摘的‘高黎贡山’和‘保山2号’余甘子总酸、维生素C、总糖、单宁酸、多酚含量均最高,‘高黎贡山’的可溶性固形物和‘保山2号’的没食子酸含量亦最高。