A Lagrangian advection scheme(LAS)for solving cloud drop diffusion growth was previously proposed(in 2020)and validated with simulations of cloud droplet spectra with a one-and-a-half dimensional(1.5D)cloud bin model ...A Lagrangian advection scheme(LAS)for solving cloud drop diffusion growth was previously proposed(in 2020)and validated with simulations of cloud droplet spectra with a one-and-a-half dimensional(1.5D)cloud bin model for a deep convection case.The simulation results were improved with the new scheme over the original Eulerian scheme.In the present study,the authors simulated rain embryo formation with the LAS for a maritime shallow cumulus cloud case from the RICO(Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean)campaign.The model used to simulate the case was the same 1.5D cloud bin model coupled with the LAS.Comparing the model simulation results with aircraft observation data,the authors conclude that both the general microphysical properties and the detailed cloud droplet spectra are well captured.The LAS is robust and reliable for the simulation of rain embryo formation.展开更多
Direct cooling with inert,dielectric liquids may well become the technique of choice for the thermal manage- ment of future electronic systems.Due to the efficiency of phase-change processes and the simplicity of natu...Direct cooling with inert,dielectric liquids may well become the technique of choice for the thermal manage- ment of future electronic systems.Due to the efficiency of phase-change processes and the simplicity of natural circulation,nucleate pool boiling is of great interest for this application.This paper examines the characteristics of vapor bubbles and nucleate pool boiling of the dielectric liquids.The results provide a theoretical foundation for understanding and interpreting the often complex empirical results reported in the literature.展开更多
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41705119]a basic research project[grant number xxx0109-301].
文摘A Lagrangian advection scheme(LAS)for solving cloud drop diffusion growth was previously proposed(in 2020)and validated with simulations of cloud droplet spectra with a one-and-a-half dimensional(1.5D)cloud bin model for a deep convection case.The simulation results were improved with the new scheme over the original Eulerian scheme.In the present study,the authors simulated rain embryo formation with the LAS for a maritime shallow cumulus cloud case from the RICO(Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean)campaign.The model used to simulate the case was the same 1.5D cloud bin model coupled with the LAS.Comparing the model simulation results with aircraft observation data,the authors conclude that both the general microphysical properties and the detailed cloud droplet spectra are well captured.The LAS is robust and reliable for the simulation of rain embryo formation.
文摘Direct cooling with inert,dielectric liquids may well become the technique of choice for the thermal manage- ment of future electronic systems.Due to the efficiency of phase-change processes and the simplicity of natural circulation,nucleate pool boiling is of great interest for this application.This paper examines the characteristics of vapor bubbles and nucleate pool boiling of the dielectric liquids.The results provide a theoretical foundation for understanding and interpreting the often complex empirical results reported in the literature.
