Leveraging the Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC)for pandemic response: opportunities and challenges

Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC) was conceptualized and established for coordinatinginformation and resources towards goal-oriented response in large scale public health emergency. Yet, theactivities undertaken by PHEOCs and their intended goals have not been fully optimized in current scenario.This paper revisited the collective efforts invested in PHEOC conceptualization and development, identified theopportunities and challenges in compliance with standards and framework, demonstrated the accountabilityof PHEOC network, thereby promoted best practice guidance for global public health emergency preparednessand response. This review will help navigate emergency response complexities leveraging PHEOC partnershipsand advance the ability to detect and respond to public health emergencies in low resource settings. The reviewshows that the information on how to adapt best practice guidance to local circumstances could incentivizethe full implementation of prevention, early detection and response to outbreaks. Identifying and correctingdeficiencies in effectiveness evaluation will provide the basis for continuous PHEOC improvement. With thegradually reopening economies and public services in some countries, there is an urgent need to emphasize andvalidate the collective efforts undertaken by PHEOCs for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic.

Location-allocation modeling for emergency evacuation planning with GIS and remote sensing:A case study of Northeast Bangladesh

This work developed models to identify optimal spatial distribution of emergency evacuation centers(EECs)such as schools,colleges,hospitals,and fire stations to improve flood emergency planning in the Sylhet region of northeastern Bangladesh.The use of location-allocation models(LAMs)for evacuation in regard to flood victims is essential to minimize disaster risk.In the first step,flood susceptibility maps were developed using machine learning models(MLMs),including:Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation(LM-BP)neural network and decision trees(DT)and multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)method.Performance of the MLMs and MCDM techniques were assessed considering the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)curve.Mathematical approaches in a geographic information system(GIS)for four well-known LAM problems affecting emergency rescue time are proposed:maximal covering location problem(MCLP),the maximize attendance(MA),p-median problem(PMP),and the location set covering problem(LSCP).The results showed that existing EECs were not optimally distributed,and that some areas were not adequately served by EECs(i.e.,not all demand points could be reached within a 60-min travel time).We concluded that the proposed models can be used to improve planning of the distribution of EECs,and that application of the models could contribute to reducing human casualties,property losses,and improve emergency operation.

面向城市公共卫生数字治理的疾病预防控制应急作业中心管理平台建设

新型冠状病毒感染疫情发生以来,以传染病暴发为主的突发公共事件对超大城市的应急响应与治理能力提出了新的要求,应急作业中心的数字化转型成为各大城市选择的应对发展方向,而数字孪生技术与城市大数据的应用为我国应急作业中心的建设提供了新的思路。以上海市数智疾控应急作业中心管理平台建设为例,总结面向城市公共卫生数字治理平台建设的规划内容与设计经验,围绕系统架构、孪生架构、业务模型阐明平台的总体架构设计,详细介绍数字业务中心、应急指挥中心、辅助作业中心、孪生服务平台四大业务平台建设内容,为我国超大城市公共卫生数字治理提供新的发展思路与实证参考。

The Oriental Finance and Trade Center Emerging at Lujiazui

The development of Pudong hasattracted worldwide attention whilePudong’s "face", the Lujiazui Financeand Trade Zone, is more striking. Hundredsof tall buildings have sprung up likemushrooms in Pudong; the grand YangpuBridge and Nanpu Bridge cross the HuangpuRiver, setting each other off fantasticallywith the imposing Oriental Pearl TV Towernearby; the broad avenue traverses the zonelike a rainbow; the new Shanghai CommerceCity is emerging on the horizon,

Experience and practice of the Emergency Operations Centerz Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention:a case study of response to the H7N9 outbreak

Background:Emergency Operations Center(EOC)is a place to provide response to public health emergencies.Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC)'s EOC was officially established in 2016,which has been the core department for the public health emergencies and risk response.In recent years,we have been continuously improving the function of EOC through many incidents.In the study,we hope to share the construction status,operation management experience of China CDC's EOC and the response process in the human avian influenza A(H7N9)outbreak.Main text:The China CDC's EOC mainly focus on building the five core elements including sites/places and facilities,information and data,plans and procedures,training and exercises,and logistics.Based on summarizing previous emergency respons巳the China CDC's EOC established its own incident management and the standardized response procedures.The event-specific data,context-specific data and event management data could be obtained through various source.The logistics department of the EOC also provides comprehensive support.The well-trained staff is another necessary conditions for its operation.Through sharing the response process of H7N9 outbreak,it further explains the EOC's functions in the five phases of outbreak response,such as the formulation of the incident response framework,monitoring,personnel dispatch and resource mobilization.Conclusions:The EOC con tributes to faster and more efficient responses during emergencies which en able a greater reduction in morbidity and mortality.Compared with the traditional incident response process,under the command and coordination of China CDC's EOC,each group involved in the response has a clearer goal,responsibilities and tasks at each stage.Meanwhile,each group also gave full play to its own expertise and advantages.As a whole,incident response tended to be more specialized and precise,which generally improves the efficiency of incident response.However,different countries and regions have different response processes to the events.We still suggested that appropriate emerge ncy operati on plan should be made according to the complexity of in cident response in the region when constructing response mechanism,through our experience.And the China CDC's EOC is still at growing and groping phase.