Survey on the Status Quo of Emergency Response Capabilities of Public Health Emergencies in Grassroots Disease Control Institutions in a Certain Area

Objective:To survey and study the emergency response capabilities of grassroots disease control institutions in a certain area for public health emergencies,and to put forward suggestions for rectification.Methods:The study was carried out from March 2022 to March 2023.Field surveys,questionnaire surveys,and interviews were used to investigate and analyze the emergency response capabilities of public health emergencies in 5 county Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)in the region.Results:Through the survey,it was found that the professional level of the existing emergency team personnel of the grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.There was an overall lack of emergency plans,and the compliance rate of the equipment,inspection,and testing items was low.The health emergency system of the CDCs in the region and the ability of the talent team need to be further improved.Conclusion:The emergency response capacity of grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.For this reason,government departments need to increase investment and strengthen the construction of talent teams and hardware settings,and grassroots disease control institutions need to strengthen the construction of the public health emergency system to improve the ability to respond to public health emergencies.

REDISSE in Benin and Lessons Learned for the Management of Public Health Emergencies after Five Years of Implementation

Introduction: Benin was embarked on phase 3 of the REDISSE Benin project (Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement) which began in 2018. The objectives were in five key components namely, Surveillance and health information;Laboratory capacity building;Emergency preparedness and response;Human resources management for effective disease surveillance and epidemic preparedness;and Institutional Capacity Building, Project Management, Coordination and Advocacy. After five years of implementation, this study aimed at the documentation of lessons learned and best practices. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Apart from individual semi-structured interviews, a thematic workshops bringing together the project’s main stakeholders recruited on an exhaustive way by component to identify and validate lessons learned, good practices and propose improvement mechanisms to be taken into account by the sector. Criteria were set up and used to validate best practices and lessons learned. Results: A total 54 (Surveillance workshop), 47 (Preparedness & response workshop), 53 (Human Resources workshop), 26 (Laboratories workshop) participated to the thematic workshops, and five interviews. The good practices (33: 9 for animal health, 7 for human health and 17 crosscutting) and lessons learned (10: 3 for animal health and 7 for human health) have been identified and have been the subject, depending on the case, of proposals for improvement or conditions necessary for their maintenance. Discussion: The richness of a project lies not only in the immediate achievement of its results, but also and above all, in its usefulness for similar interventions, whether in the local, regional, national or international context. It is in this context that the REDISSE project has set out to make public the various lessons learned and best practices from the implementation of its activities over a period of some five consecutive years.

Leadership,communication,and science:three pillars essential to public health emergency response and closing the gap in the HIV response among key populations

Globally,there have been multiple public health emergencies in recent decades.High rates of morbidity,occasionally mortality,and economic instability are usually associated with pandemics.One of the epidemics that has significantly increased morbidity and mortality worldwide is the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)pandemic.HIV has a disproportionately negative impact on key populations.Strong leadership,effective communication,and sound science are necessary for public health emergency(PHE)responses to be successful.These three PHE response pllars are also essential for bridging the HIV response gap among key populations in the setting of restrictive laws.In this review,we explored the importance of these three pillars of successful PHEs responses,and how they are essential to closing the gap in the HIV response among key populations.Leaders must make decisions and instil a sense of authority in the populace during PHEs to foster trust and confidence.Leaders should base their choices on scientific evidence.Effective communication during PHEs should be proactive,polite,imaginative,innovative,and constructive.To address gaps in the HIV response among key populations,leaders must create a supportive environment for effective communication and scientific research,communication should be used to raise awareness of HIV and to dispel stigma and discrimination,while science should provide evidence of efficacy and effectiveness of interventions amongkey populations.

Sustainable Community Epidemic Prevention Countermeasures against Public Health Emergencies

How to deal with public health emergencies is an important issue related to the normal life of community residents. However, after the corresponding understanding, it is found that a series of unsustainable epidemic prevention factors have been exposed in the community in the COVID-19, such as blocked access to basic materials, unsafe living environment, and lack of social platforms. In view of these problems, based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the changes in the hierarchy of needs of residents during the epidemic were analyzed, and sustainable community epidemic prevention strategies were proposed from five aspects of material storage, safe environment, social platform, respect opportunity and self-worth realization, so as to provide effective reference for future response to public health emergencies.

Research on Emergency Design and Renewal Strategy of Public Space in Old Communities Based on Public Health Emergencies:A Case Study of No.4 Courtyard of Luochengtou Community, Handan City

There are a large number of old communities in Chinese cities that urgently need to be updated and upgraded.However,the old community renewal in the past mostly focused on the transformation of physical environment with a single goal.There is a lack of in-depth thinking about the problems presented by the public space in the old communities,and it is necessary to focus on this.The continuous occurrence of public health incidents has increased the pressure on urban development,and old communities have become shortcomings in such incidents.It is a topic worthy to study whether the emergency design update of public spaces can supplement the shortcomings of old communities in public health emergencies.Based on the background of public health emergencies,combined with the theory of resilient cities,the study analyzes the emergency design of public space in the old communities and conducts a research on the renewal strategy,taking the No.4 Courtyard of Luochengtou Community in Handan City as an example.The improvement strategies of management,transportation,structure and space are specifically put forward,in order to provide reference for the emergency design update of old communities.

Enlightenment from the COVID-19 Pandemic:The Roles of Environmental Factors in Future Public Health Emergency Response

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is challenging the current public health emergency response systems(PHERSs)of many countries.Although environmental factors,such as those influencing the survival of viruses and their transmission between species including humans,play important roles in PHERSs,little attention has been given to these factors.This study describes and elucidates the roles of environmental factors in future PHERSs.To improve countries’capability to respond to public health emergencies associated with viral infections such as the COVID-19 pandemic,a number of environmental factors should be considered before,during,and after the responses to such emergencies.More specifically,to prevent pandemic outbreaks,we should strengthen environmental and wildlife protection,conduct detailed viral surveillance in animals and hotspots,and improve early-warning systems.During the pandemic,we must study the impacts of environmental factors on viral behaviors,develop control measures to minimize secondary environmental risks,and conduct timely assessments of viral risks and secondary environmental effects with a view to reducing the impacts of the pandemic on human health and on ecosystems.After the pandemic,we should further strengthen surveillance for viruses and the prevention of viral spread,maintain control measures for minimizing secondary environmental risks,develop our capability to scientifically predict pandemics and resurgences,and prepare for the next unexpected resurgence.Meanwhile,we should restore the normal life and production of the public based on the“One Health”concept,that views global human and environmental health as inextricably linked.Our recommendations are essential for improving nations’capability to respond to global public health emergencies.

Leveraging the Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC)for pandemic response: opportunities and challenges

Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC) was conceptualized and established for coordinatinginformation and resources towards goal-oriented response in large scale public health emergency. Yet, theactivities undertaken by PHEOCs and their intended goals have not been fully optimized in current scenario.This paper revisited the collective efforts invested in PHEOC conceptualization and development, identified theopportunities and challenges in compliance with standards and framework, demonstrated the accountabilityof PHEOC network, thereby promoted best practice guidance for global public health emergency preparednessand response. This review will help navigate emergency response complexities leveraging PHEOC partnershipsand advance the ability to detect and respond to public health emergencies in low resource settings. The reviewshows that the information on how to adapt best practice guidance to local circumstances could incentivizethe full implementation of prevention, early detection and response to outbreaks. Identifying and correctingdeficiencies in effectiveness evaluation will provide the basis for continuous PHEOC improvement. With thegradually reopening economies and public services in some countries, there is an urgent need to emphasize andvalidate the collective efforts undertaken by PHEOCs for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic.

The value of China-Africa health development initiatives in strengthening 'One Health' strategy

Implementing national to community-based 'One Health' strategy for human,animal and environmental challenges and migrating-led consequences offer great opportunities,and its value of sustained development and wellbeing is an imperative.'One Health' strategy in policy commitment,partnership and financial investment are much needed in advocacy,contextual health human-animal and environmental development.Therefore,appropriate and evidence-based handling and management strategies in moving forward universal health coverage and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are essential components to the China-Africa health development initiatives.It is necessary to understand how to strengthen robust and sustainable 'One Health' approach implementation in national and regional public health and disaster risk reduction programs.Understanding the foundation of'One Health' strategy in China-Africa public health cooperation is crucial in fostering health systems preparedness and smart response against emerging and re-emerging threats and epidemics.Building the value of China-Africa 'One Health' strategy partnerships,frameworks and capacity development and implementation through leveraging on current and innovative China-Africa health initiatives,but also,mobilizing efforts on climatic changes and disasters mitigation and lifestyle adaptations strategies against emerging and current infectious diseases threats are essential to establish epidemic surveillance-response system under the concept of global collaborative coordination and lasting financing mechanisms.Further strengthen local infrastructure and workforce capacity,participatory accountability and transparency on 'One Health' approach will benefit to set up infectious diseases of poverty projects,and effective monitoring and evaluation systems in achieving African Union 2063 Agenda and SDGs targets both in Africa and China.

急诊科护士突发公共卫生事件心理弹性培训方案的构建与初步应用研究

目的构建基于Kumpfer心理弹性框架理论与国际心理弹性研究计划项目组(the International Resilience Research Project,IRRP)心理弹性训练策略的心理弹性培训方案,探讨其在急诊科护士突发公共卫生事件下的应用效果。方法2022年1-6月,采用简单随机抽样法选择上海市某三级医院的急诊科护士为研究对象,按随机数字表分为对照组和观察组各30例,对照组采用常规培训和管理方法,观察组在对照组的基础上实施心理弹性培训方案。评价并比较两组护士干预前后心理弹性及应急能力的变化。结果干预后,观察组护士的心理弹性、应急能力得分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论心理弹性培训方案在突发公共卫生事件下能有效提升急诊科护士的心理弹性水平,保障突发公共卫生事件应急处置工作有序开展。

基于三方演化博弈的突发公共卫生事件应急响应及仿真研究

突发公共卫生事件中地方政府、社会组织与公众的相互配合、协同响应是及时高效进行应急管理的必然选择。本文以新型冠状病毒肺炎为背景,考虑应急响应过程中多主体之间的相互影响与博弈关系,基于有限理性假设,构建地方政府、社会组织与公众三方博弈主体的演化博弈动态模型。然后,运用演化博弈理论和Lyapunov判别法分析三方主体演化模型的均衡点和渐进稳定性,得到在不同条件下三方主体的演化稳定策略。最后,对突发公共卫生事件不同阶段的三方主体应急响应的博弈行为进行仿真分析,探讨地方政府的补贴政策、奖惩措施以及社会组织成本对博弈各方策略选择的影响。研究结果表明:(1)在突发公共卫生事件应急响应的不同阶段,各主体的决策选择是动态演变的;(2)地方政府的补贴政策、奖惩措施以及社会组织成本对于主体的应急响应行为作用明显;(3)各主体的初始参与意愿强弱对突发公共卫生事件应急响应的影响效果显著。

职责视角下的突发公共卫生事件时期疫苗管理政策差异量化研究

目的:量化分析突发公共卫生事件时期针对暴发传染病的疫苗管理与常规疫苗管理在管理职责和职责主体方面存在的差异。方法:构建我国疫苗管理职责框架,从管理职责、职责主体和疫苗类型三个维度对我国中央层面的疫苗政策文本进行量化处理,使用统计分析、共现聚类和中心性测算的方法进行差异比较。结果:突发公共卫生事件传染病疫苗的接种、生产和研发方面的职责受到更多重视,落实接种政策与宣传科普工作使得更多政策实施主体承担了疫苗管理职责,疫苗的保障措施贯穿管理的各个阶段。卫生健康部门和药品监管部门是管理核心职责部门,科技部门、工业信息化部门具有较多协同合作职责,教育部门、发展改革部门承担较大联通协调职责。结论:突发公共卫生事件时期传染病疫苗管理职责更多,需要多部门高效合作,在疫苗的流通和信息管理方面予以更多重视,充分发挥疾控部门在基层人才队伍与信息监测方面的优势,科学落实国家防疫政策,引导非行政主体承担管理职责,并强化核心责任主体“枢纽”作用。

三级综合医院护士突发公共卫生事件应急能力的影响因素分析

目的调查三级综合医院护士突发公共卫生事件应急能力现状,并探讨相关影响因素。方法选取2021年1月14日至1月30日重庆市6所三级综合医院护士1102名,采用护士突发公共卫生事件应急能力问卷、职业韧性量表进行调查分析。结果不同科室、年龄、职称、能级、工龄及是否参加过突发公共卫生事件应急培训、应急救援的护士应急能力评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护士突发公共卫生事件应急能力评分为(146.76±15.77)分,条目均分为(3.97±0.42)分。护士职业韧性评分为(90.78±7.63)分。护士突发公共卫生事件应急能力评分与职业韧性评分呈正相关(r=0.581,P<0.001)。能级、科室、参加过突发公共卫生事件应急培训和应急救援、职业韧性是护士突发公共卫生事件应急能力的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论三级综合医院护士突发公共卫生事件应急能力处于中等偏上水平,且受能级、科室、职业韧性及是否参加过突发公共卫生事件应急培训和应急救援影响。

突发公共卫生事件科技支撑能力的质性研究

目的:探索应对突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力的构成及本质,为突发公共卫生事件的预防和处置提供支持。方法:采用扎根理论,通过访谈及收集相关文献资料,使用Nvivo软件进行开放性编码、选择性编码以及理论性编码,解构了突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力的构成及关系。结果:凝练出718个初始节点、139个概念节点、15个初始范畴及4个核心范畴,并以此构建了突发公共卫生事件科技支撑能力的理论模型。结论:科技支撑能力包括自主创新能力、成果转化能力、组织管理能力和抵御风险能力四个组成部分。进一步将这四种能力划分为基础层、核心层和目的层三个层次,构建了科技支撑能力的金字塔模型,系统性地理解这些能力的重要性、能力的组成及相互间的关联与依赖关系。

互联网模式下专家咨询专线对儿童保健需求的影响

目的:探讨互联网模式下,新型诊疗模式对儿童保健需求的影响。方法:采用横断面观察性研究,对通过《儿童健康有约》专家在线栏目咨询保健需求问题的484例研究对象,采用电话咨询收集其一般资料,在1周后对其监护人进行随访,将单因素分析差异有统计学意义的变量进行Logistic回归分析,探讨影响儿童就医问题的独立影响因素。结果:共纳入研究对象484例,就医问题解决度达80.58%(390/484),单因素分析结果显示,在儿童保健需求的就医过程中,获取资讯途径与咨询内容是其影响因素(P<0.05),Logistic回归分析显示,获取资讯途径是儿童保健就医问题解决度的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:开通电话专线是解决儿童保健问题(80.58%)的重要举措;获取资讯途径可以作为一种特殊儿童保健需求的应对措施,可以有效解答儿童保健问题。

积极心理护理在应对突发公共卫生事件护士群体中的应用效果

目的:观察积极心理护理在应对突发公共卫生事件护士群体中的应用效果。方法:选取2023年1—2月郑州大学第三附属医院应对突发公共卫生事件的160名护理人员进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各80名。对照组实施常规心理护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施积极心理护理,两组均持续护理6周。比较两组护理前后心理弹性[Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)]评分、应对方式[简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)]评分、应急能力评分和敬业程度(盖洛普Q12量表)评分。结果:护理后,观察组坚韧、乐观、力量等CD-RISC各维度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理后,观察组积极应对评分高于对照组,消极应对评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理后,观察组应急能力评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理后,观察组盖洛普Q12量表评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:积极心理护理应用于应对突发公共卫生事件护士群体,可提高其心理弹性评分、应急能力评分和敬业程度评分,改善应对方式评分,效果优于常规心理护理。

企业数字化、战略柔性与公共危机应对——基于动态能力的视角

公共危机事件关乎企业生存与发展.本研究以重大突发公共卫生事件为背景,基于动态能力理论,考察了企业数字化、战略柔性与公共危机应对策略之间的关系.基于749家中国企业的实证研究发现:第一,战略柔性有利于企业应对公共危机;第二,企业数字化能够显著提升企业战略柔性;第三,战略柔性在企业数字化与公共危机应对之间发挥中介作用.立足公共危机情境,本研究进一步发展了动态能力理论思想,并为数字化对企业绩效的影响机制提供了一种新的解释.研究结论为企业如何在公共危机中转危为安、化危为机提供了管理启示.

医联体内护士传染病相关应急能力现状及影响因素调查

目的探讨医联体内护士传染病突发公共卫生事件应急能力的现状及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样的方法,选取2022年1月—2023年1月404名医联体内护士进行问卷调查分析。统计404名不同特征护士应急能力得分、应急能力得分较低和较高的条目、应急能力得分情况,采用logistic多元分层回归分析医联体内护士传染病突发公共卫生事件应急能力得分的影响因素。结果一级指标准备得分最高的项目为“救援能力”(126.67±10.89)分,得分最低的项目为“风险沟通能力”(3.02±0.77)分;二级指标得分最高项目为“预防能力评分”(13.67±1.07)分,得分最低的项目是“应急演练评分”(3.43±0.78)分。三级医院、男性、年龄>39岁、临床经验>14年、硕士、有救援工作经验、有突发事件应急救援经验、过去5年参加过新发传染病事件应急演练、过去5年参加过常见传染病或新发传染病培训的护士应急能力得分高于一二级医院、女性、年龄<31岁和31~39岁、临床经验<6年和6~14年、本科和专科、无救援工作经验、无突发事件应急救援经验、过去5年未参加过新发传染病事件应急演练、过去5年未参加过常见传染病或新发传染病培训的护士,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。性别、年龄、学历、医院级别、临床经验、突发事件应急救援经验、过去5年参加新发传染病事件应急演练、过去5年参加常见传染病或新发传染病培训均为应急能力的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论医联体内护士应急能力评分处于中等水平。护理管理人员应选择适当的方法对医联体内护士进行传染病突发事件应急能力的演练和培训,以提高其应急能力。

突发公共卫生事件居民响应时空关联特征分析

客观认识城市居民在突发公共卫生事件不同防控阶段的响应模式,对提升应急管理能力、促进居民心理健康恢复至关重要。本文基于武汉市社交媒体、政策与病例数据,综合运用自然语言处理技术与空间分析等方法,在社区尺度上探究突发公共卫生事件不同防控阶段下居民响应的时空特征。结果表明:(1)居民对突发公共卫生事件的响应趋向于负面,事件相关的微博关注度随时间的变化与事件发展趋势同步;居民在封控时期情感状况较为平稳,防控政策放开后短期内负面情绪增加,而后逐渐恢复。(2)不同防控阶段下的居民响应与事件严重程度均具备时空关联特性,关注度与病例指数均呈正相关,而情感响应则呈负相关。典型区域如医院周边情感较为乐观,而产业园区则以负面情绪为主。

公立医院卫生应急工作的实践与展望

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