Brucellosis is an important zoonosis that results in substantial economic losses to the livestock industry through abortions and reduced milk yield.This study investigated an abortion outbreak in a dairy herd and then...Brucellosis is an important zoonosis that results in substantial economic losses to the livestock industry through abortions and reduced milk yield.This study investigated an abortion outbreak in a dairy herd and then explored the efects of emergency vaccination with Brucella abortus A19 vaccine on the incidence of abortion and milk yield.A full dose of vaccine(6×10^(10)—12×10^(10)colony forming units,CFU)was administered subcutaneously to calves and non-pregnant heifers,and a reduced dose(6×10^(8)—12×10^(8)CFU)to adult cows and pregnant replacement heifers.Rose Bengal Test was used to screen Brucella infection status and then positive samples were tested with a C-ELISA.Animals that tested positive for both tests were considered positive to Brucella spp.The animal-level seroprevalence of brucellosis was 23.1%(95%CI:17.0,30.2),and the attributable fraction of abortions in seropositive animals was 89.1%(95%CI:64.3,96.7).The odds of seropositivity were signifcantly higher in cows that aborted compared to cows that calved normally(OR=21.4,95%CI:4.4,168.4).Cows in sheds A2 and C1 were 10.2(95%CI:1.4,128.0)and 17.0(95%CI:2.8,190.3)times more likely to be seropositive than cows in shed B1.Antibodies were not detectable in most heifers 12 months post-vaccination.The efectiveness of the vaccine in preventing abortions was estimated to be 56.8%(95%CI:15.8,77.8)for the entire herd,but increased to 86.7%(95%CI:4.4,98.1)when only primiparous heifers were considered.Furthermore,a signifcant increase in the average herd 305-day milk yield one-year after vaccination was also observed relative to that in the previous three years.It is concluded that emergency vaccination of a dairy herd undergoing an abortion outbreak with the A19 vaccine efectively reduced the incidence of abortion and indirectly increased milk yield one-year after vaccination.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the protective effect of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine （Healive） against hepatitis A outbreak in an emergency vaccination campaign. METHODS： During an outbreak of hepatitis A in Honghe Town, Xiu...AIM： To evaluate the protective effect of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine （Healive） against hepatitis A outbreak in an emergency vaccination campaign. METHODS： During an outbreak of hepatitis A in Honghe Town, Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, two nonrandomized controlled trials were conducted in September 2006. The first trial was to vaccinate 108 anti-HAV negative individuals with close contacts of the patients from September with 1 dose of an inactivated hepatYds A vaccine, HeaUve. The control group comprised of 115 individuals with close contacts of the patients before September. The second trial was to vaccinate 3365 primary and secondary school students who volunteered to receive a dose of Healive and 2572 students who did not receive Healive serving as its controls. An epidemiological survey was conducted to evaluate the pmtectk, e efficacy of the vaccine. RESULTS： A total of 136 hepatitis A cases were reported during an outbreak that started in June, peaked in August and September, and ended after December of 2006. After a massive vaccination of school children in September, the number of cases declined significantly. No hepatitis A was detected in the 108 vaccinated individuals with dose contacts of patients, whereas 4 cases of hepatitis A were found in the controls. The infection rate of hepatitis A was not significantly different in the individuals with close contacts of patients whether or not they received the vaccine （P = 0.122）. No hepatitis A was detected in the 3365 students who received the vaccine, four cases of hepatitis A were found in the controls. The infection rate of students with or without vaccination was significantly diffeent in the students who received the vaccine （0/3365 vs 4/2572, P = 0.035）. The protective efficacy of the vaccine was 100%.CONCLUSION： Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine demonstrates a good protective effect against an outbreak of hepatitis A.展开更多
The World Health Organization(WHO) called the recent monkeypox(MPX)outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on July 23,2022.The United States of America(US) alarmed the recent MPX outbreak as the US...The World Health Organization(WHO) called the recent monkeypox(MPX)outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on July 23,2022.The United States of America(US) alarmed the recent MPX outbreak as the US public health emergency on August 4,2022.Since early May 2022,more than 35000 MPX cases and 12 deaths had been reported to WHO from 92 countries and territories by August 17,2022,and MPX cases continue rising rapidly with improved surveillance,access to diagnosis,and continuous virus spreading globally.Approximately 99% MPX cases are men,of which 95% cases are men who have sex with man.No evidence of MPX being sexually transmitted infections(STIs) is found;however,a high percentage(25%) of concurrent STIs and frequent anogenital symptoms suggest transmission through local inoculation during close intimate contact or sexual activity.Many approaches including a comprehensive international vaccination strategy and adequate supplies are mandatory to prevent MPX pandemic.Education,vaccination,MPX scrutiny and careful monitoring,and crossborder collaborations with international sectors are practical strategy to contain MPX outbreaks.People are educated to reduce the risk of exposure and to reduce the number of sexual partners especially new ones,to avoid contacting travelers from epidemic regions or animals that may carry MPX virus,and avoid traveling to endemic areas.展开更多
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(Beef/Yaks)(#CARS-37)National Science Foundation of Hubei Province(#2021CFA016).
文摘Brucellosis is an important zoonosis that results in substantial economic losses to the livestock industry through abortions and reduced milk yield.This study investigated an abortion outbreak in a dairy herd and then explored the efects of emergency vaccination with Brucella abortus A19 vaccine on the incidence of abortion and milk yield.A full dose of vaccine(6×10^(10)—12×10^(10)colony forming units,CFU)was administered subcutaneously to calves and non-pregnant heifers,and a reduced dose(6×10^(8)—12×10^(8)CFU)to adult cows and pregnant replacement heifers.Rose Bengal Test was used to screen Brucella infection status and then positive samples were tested with a C-ELISA.Animals that tested positive for both tests were considered positive to Brucella spp.The animal-level seroprevalence of brucellosis was 23.1%(95%CI:17.0,30.2),and the attributable fraction of abortions in seropositive animals was 89.1%(95%CI:64.3,96.7).The odds of seropositivity were signifcantly higher in cows that aborted compared to cows that calved normally(OR=21.4,95%CI:4.4,168.4).Cows in sheds A2 and C1 were 10.2(95%CI:1.4,128.0)and 17.0(95%CI:2.8,190.3)times more likely to be seropositive than cows in shed B1.Antibodies were not detectable in most heifers 12 months post-vaccination.The efectiveness of the vaccine in preventing abortions was estimated to be 56.8%(95%CI:15.8,77.8)for the entire herd,but increased to 86.7%(95%CI:4.4,98.1)when only primiparous heifers were considered.Furthermore,a signifcant increase in the average herd 305-day milk yield one-year after vaccination was also observed relative to that in the previous three years.It is concluded that emergency vaccination of a dairy herd undergoing an abortion outbreak with the A19 vaccine efectively reduced the incidence of abortion and indirectly increased milk yield one-year after vaccination.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the protective effect of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine （Healive） against hepatitis A outbreak in an emergency vaccination campaign. METHODS： During an outbreak of hepatitis A in Honghe Town, Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, two nonrandomized controlled trials were conducted in September 2006. The first trial was to vaccinate 108 anti-HAV negative individuals with close contacts of the patients from September with 1 dose of an inactivated hepatYds A vaccine, HeaUve. The control group comprised of 115 individuals with close contacts of the patients before September. The second trial was to vaccinate 3365 primary and secondary school students who volunteered to receive a dose of Healive and 2572 students who did not receive Healive serving as its controls. An epidemiological survey was conducted to evaluate the pmtectk, e efficacy of the vaccine. RESULTS： A total of 136 hepatitis A cases were reported during an outbreak that started in June, peaked in August and September, and ended after December of 2006. After a massive vaccination of school children in September, the number of cases declined significantly. No hepatitis A was detected in the 108 vaccinated individuals with dose contacts of patients, whereas 4 cases of hepatitis A were found in the controls. The infection rate of hepatitis A was not significantly different in the individuals with close contacts of patients whether or not they received the vaccine （P = 0.122）. No hepatitis A was detected in the 3365 students who received the vaccine, four cases of hepatitis A were found in the controls. The infection rate of students with or without vaccination was significantly diffeent in the students who received the vaccine （0/3365 vs 4/2572, P = 0.035）. The protective efficacy of the vaccine was 100%.CONCLUSION： Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine demonstrates a good protective effect against an outbreak of hepatitis A.
文摘The World Health Organization(WHO) called the recent monkeypox(MPX)outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on July 23,2022.The United States of America(US) alarmed the recent MPX outbreak as the US public health emergency on August 4,2022.Since early May 2022,more than 35000 MPX cases and 12 deaths had been reported to WHO from 92 countries and territories by August 17,2022,and MPX cases continue rising rapidly with improved surveillance,access to diagnosis,and continuous virus spreading globally.Approximately 99% MPX cases are men,of which 95% cases are men who have sex with man.No evidence of MPX being sexually transmitted infections(STIs) is found;however,a high percentage(25%) of concurrent STIs and frequent anogenital symptoms suggest transmission through local inoculation during close intimate contact or sexual activity.Many approaches including a comprehensive international vaccination strategy and adequate supplies are mandatory to prevent MPX pandemic.Education,vaccination,MPX scrutiny and careful monitoring,and crossborder collaborations with international sectors are practical strategy to contain MPX outbreaks.People are educated to reduce the risk of exposure and to reduce the number of sexual partners especially new ones,to avoid contacting travelers from epidemic regions or animals that may carry MPX virus,and avoid traveling to endemic areas.
