Optimization of Urban Rail Transportation in Emerging Countries Using Operational Research Techniques

Rail systems are gradually becoming the most desirable form of transit infrastructure around the world, partly because they are becoming more environmentally friendly compared with airplanes and automobiles. This paper examines the place of emerging countries in this move of implementing modern rail system that will eventually enhance the realization of a low-carbon society. Network model, transportation model and linear programming algorithms are used to model the present urban rail transport system in Nigeria, as an emerging country, in order to optimize it. Operational research methods, including simplex method and MODI, with the aids of computer software (excel solver and LIP solver) were adopted to solve the resulting models. The results showed that optimization of rail transport system will not only reduce carbon emission but also bring about economic development which is required for the eradication of prevalent poverty in these emerging countries.

Influence of the Gender of Business Managers on Corporate Corruption in Emerging Countries

The influence of the gender of business managers in emerging countries on the corruption behaviors of a firm is studied on the basis of firm-level data from World Bank.It is discovered that women’s participation in management is directly proportional to the possibility of corporate corruption.In view of the Theoretical Analysis system,due to the poorly standardized market systems and policy environments in emerging countries,the corruption level of firms in emerging countries is higher.Meanwhile,due to the vulnerability of female-managed firms in emerging countries,female managers are more likely to make corrupt decisions and the corruption level of such firms is higher.

The Rise of Newly Emerging Countries and the Construction of a New International Economic Order:A Perspective from the Chinese PathXu Chongli

Chinese scholars have tended to define the struggle of developing countries for the establishment of a new international economic order as a claim for ＂special and differential treatment.＂ However, the rise of newly emerging countries in recent years has narrowed the gap between them and the developed economic powers. Consequently, China and other newly emerging countries have begun to seek ＂equal and undifferentiated treatment＂ from the developed world. The opening of this new path may indicat~ a resurgence of the developing countries＇ struggle to establish a new international economic order, a struggle that has ebbed since the 1980s. Therefore, in pursuing their traditional research approaches, Chinese scholars should pay more attention to the significance of opening a new path to China＇s peaceful development, so as to gain a more complete and accurate understanding of the basic situation China finds itself in as it participates in the struggle for a fairer international economic order.

Are IFRS Harder to Implement for Emerging Economies Compared to Developed Countries？ A Literature Review

In practice, the international accounting harmonization process faces cultural resistance in the concrete situations of accounting reforms. We often tend to believe that this resistance is felt more in the so-called emerging countries, rather than the developed ones. It is precisely this idea that the paper attempts to analyze, based on a literature review. The literature shows that emerging countries do not have the infrastructure or the real needs justifying a reform of international harmonization, except the need to display an IFRS label （Daske, Hail, Leuz, ＆ Verdi, 2007）, to facilitate the access of firms from emerging economies to developed financial markets. Moreover, the Anglo-American culture attached to IFRS leads to a difficulty in adopting those standards by any country whose original accounting system is continental. Indeed, for these countries, the process of international harmonization begins with an adaptation to the Anglo-Saxon accounting culture, the latter being different from the continental accounting culture at several levels.

New-Wave Emerging Multinational Companies： The Determinants of Their Outward Foreign Direct Investment

Focusing on the fast growth of BRICS＇ outward foreign direct investment （OFDI） and multinational companies during the crisis has left unheeded that some other emerging economies also grow much faster than average in the global economy and has become significant and fast-growing direct investors abroad. A sample of such （thirteen） new-wave emerging countries （NWECs） is gathered on the criterion of being ranked among the most significant foreign direct investors in the global economy. The literature review exhibits only very few articles existing on such a topic so far. Descriptive statistics enable tracing OFDI by NWECs-based multinational companies back to the 1970s, checking its geographical orientation and industrial structure, and assessing the relative importance of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Econometric estimation exhibits that direct investment moving off the NWECs is explained by so-called push factors such as the home country＇s GDP, GDP per capita, GDP rate of growth, the share of high-technology exported products in overall export, the number of technological patents registered, and how much inward foreign direct investment discussed in the light of Dunning＇s investment development hypothesis. stock has previously been hosted. These results are path model and Matthews＇ linkage-leverage learning

Comparative Study of Volatility Forecasting Models： The Case of Malaysia, Indonesia, Hong Kong and Japan Stock Markets

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of four volatility forecasting models, i.e. Exponential Weighted Moving Average （EWMA）, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average （ARIMA） and Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedastic （GARCH）, in four stock markets Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan and Hong Kong. Using monthly closing stock index prices collected from 1 st January 1998 to 31 st December 2015 for the four selected countries, results obtained confirm that volatility in developed markets is not necessarily always lower than the volatility in emerging markets. Among all the three models, GARCH （1, l） model is found to be the best forecasting model for stock markets in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Japan, while EWMA model is found to be the best forecasting model for Hong Kong stock market. The outperformance of GARCH （1, 1） found supports again what is found in Minkah （2007）.

Investigating the implications of technological innovations,financial inclusion,and renewable energy in diminishing ecological footprints levels in emerging economies

The correlation between technological innovation,economic growth,renewable energy,and ecological footprint carries significant policy implications for environmental sustainability.Furthermore,financial inclusion can drastically affect the technology-climate nexus across different countries and its moderating impacts have received sufficient attention.To do this,this study examined how technological innovation,financial inclusion,economic growth,and renewable energy affected emerging economies’ecological footprint from 1990 to 2019.Additionally,this study also scrutinizes the moderating role of financial inclusion with other regressors on ecological footprint.To account for structural shifts,disguised cointegration,and numerous breaks in panel regression,this study applies advanced panel estimation methods for empirical analysis.The estimated outcomes exhibit that the influence of technical innovation,climate technologies,and renewable energy significantly reduces the ecological footprint levels.Besides,economic growth and financial inclusion significantly increase the ecological footprint levels in the emerging economies.Furthermore,the integration of innovative technology and renewable energy in emerging countries mitigates the adverse effects of financial inclusion by making it easier for creative technologies and reducing ecological footprints.These results show that emerging countries’innovative technology and renewable energy sources should be integrated with financial inclusion to enable longterm mitigation of environmental damages and sustainable growth.Based on these estimated findings,the research recommends that emerging economies should hasten technological innovations along with stronger financial development to curtail ecological concerns without hindering the pace of sustainable economic growth.

A Data Collection on Secondary School Students’STEM Performance and Reading Practices in an Emerging Country

Science,technology,engineering,and mathematics(STEM)education has become a critical factor in promoting sustainable development.Meanwhile,book reading is still an essential method for cognitive development and knowledge acquisition.In developing countries where STEM teaching and learning resources are limited,book reading is an important educational tool to promote STEM.Nevertheless,public data sets about STEM education and book reading behaviors in emerging countries are scarce.This article,therefore,aims to present a data set of 4,966 secondary school students from a school-based data collection in Vietnam.The data set comprises of five major categories:1)students’personal information(including STEM performance),2)family-related information,3)book reading preferences,4)book reading frequency/habits,and 5)classroom activities.By introducing the designing principles,the data collection method,and the variables in the data set,we aim to provide researchers,policymakers,and educators with well-validated resources and guidelines to conduct low-cost research,pedagogical programs in emerging countries.

What makes a successful industry-level catch-up?General framework and case study of China’s LED industry

How latecomers from emerging countries catch up on technological innovation is an important topic for industrial practitioners,policymakers,and academic researchers.This study systematically reviews 37 empirical studies on the precursors of industry catch-up in emerging countries.A general framework on what makes a successful catch-up in latecomer industries is suggested based on literature review.The framework comprises six generic determinants,including technological capability,business ecosystem,government roles,market condition,technological regime,and windows of opportunity.In addition,this framework is applied to the Chinese LED industry,and a case analysis of the catch-up is performed in Chinese LED firms.