Identifying grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis

Purpose:Following the typical features of the grey-rhino event as predictability and profound influence,we attempt to find a special pattern called the grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis.Design/methodology/approach:We propose to combine triadic patent families and technology life cycle to define the grey-rhino model.Firstly,we design the indicator rhino-index Rh=ST/SP and descriptor sequence{Rh},where ST and SP are the accumulative number of triadic patent families and all patent families respectively for a specific technology.Secondly,according to the two typical features of the grey-rhino event,a grey-rhino is defined as a technology that meets both qualitative and quantitative conditions.Qualitatively,this technology has a profound influence.Quantitatively,in the emerging stage,Rh≥Rae,where Rae is the average level of the proportion of triadic patent families.Finally,this model is verified in three datasets,namely Encyclopedia Britannica’s list for the greatest inventions(EB technologies for short),MIT breakthrough technologies(MIT technologies)and Derwent Manual Code technologies(MAN technologies).Findings:The result shows that there are 64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies meeting the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model,but only 14.71%MAN technologies fit the quantitative standard.This falling trend indicates the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model is reasonable.EB technologies and MIT technologies have profound influence on society,which means they satisfy the qualitative standard of the grey-rhino model.Hence,64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies are grey-rhinos.In 14.71%MAN technologies meeting the quantitative standard,we make some qualitative judgments and deem U11-A01A,U12-A01A1A,and W01-A01A as grey-rhino technologies.In addition,grey-rhinos and non-grey-rhinos have some differences.Rh values of grey-rhinos have a downward trend,while Rh values of non-grey-rhinos have a contrary trend.Rh values of grey-rhinos are scattered relatively in the early stage and centralize gradually,but non-grey-rhinos do not have this feature.Research limitations:There are four main limitations.First,if a technology satisfies the quantitative standard of the model,it is likely to be a grey-rhino but expert judgments are necessary.Second,we don’t know why it will be eminent,which involves technical contents.Thirdly,we did not consider the China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA)and the German Patent and Trademark Office(DPMA)which also play important roles in worldwide patents,so we hope to expand our study to the CNIPA and the DPMA.Furthermore,we did not compare the rhino-index with other patent indicators.Practical implications:If a technology meets the quantitative standard,this can be seen as early warning signals and the technology may become a grey-rhino in the future,which can catch people’s attention in the emerging stage and make people seize the technical opportunity early.Originality/value:We define and verify a new pattern called the grey-rhino model in eminent technologies.

“公共利益”的界定是一个宪法分权问题——从Eminent Domain的主权属性谈起

宪法规定私人财产的征用须服从“公共利益” ,其目的是为了抵制个人财产由于政府的专断或不公正行为而丧失。与具有主权属性的征用权相关联的“公共利益”的界定是一个宪法分权问题 ,是由立法机关、行政机关和司法机关共同行使的 ,相互之间有一定制约。立法机关只能就“公共利益”确定概括标准 ,具体的判断标准由行政机关行使 ,只有出现争议时 。

Series Reports for World Eminent Ophthalmologists (Part 1) Brief Introduction on Prof. George C. Y. Chiou. PhD

Dr.George Chiou is Professor and Director of the Institute of Ocular Pharmacology and Professor of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics at Texas A&M University System Health Science Center.He has served as Head of Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology for 27.5 years until the department was reorganized in 2006.He also is an Adjunct Professor of Surgery and Ophthalmology at Texas A&M University College of Medicine,

A Method for Measurement of the Hypertrophic First Metatarsal Medial Eminence on Foot Radiographs—A Reliability Study with Surgical Implications

Background: It has been suggested that hypertrophic eminence on the medial head of the first metatarsal is a component of the patho-anatomy of hallux valgus. However, research findings in this area are inconsistent, possibly due to differences in methods in identifying and measuring the medial eminence. To date, reliability of any method of measurement has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of measurement of the medial eminence on medial oblique and dorsoplantar radiographs using a previously described geometric technique. Methods: To evaluate the reliability of a method of measurement of the medial eminence of the first metatarsal duplicate standardized dorsoplantar and medial oblique radiographs were taken of one foot of 15 subjects. The feet included both rectus feet and subjects with hallux valgus. The medial eminence was measured on the digital images using Inteleviewer 2.5 (Intelerad medical systems incorporated, Montreal, Quebec) software. Observer 1 measured one randomly selected image from each subject to determine inter-observer reliability. Observer 2 measured all images to determine the overall intraobserver reliability. Reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: The mean projection of the medial eminence ranged from 0.39 to 0.44 cm in both views. The ICCs were calculated for the dorsoplantar view and the 2 medial oblique view measures between observers. They ranged from 0.76 intra-rater and 0.86 interrater in the dorsoplantar view to 0.80 intra-rater and 0.90 inter-rater in the medial oblique view indicating good reliability in all measures. The average of the 4 oblique views also showed a high level of reliability with a coefficient of 0.96. Conclusions: The medial eminence can be reliably measured in the medial oblique and dorsoplantar view using the described technique. The medial oblique and the dorsoplantar views are valuable and reliable projections for visualising the dorso medial aspect of the first metatarsal.

MING DYNASTY:Honorific Titles for Tibetan Eminent Monks

ＭＩＮＧＤＹＮＡＳＴＹ：ＨｏｎｏｒｉｆｉｃＴｉｔｌｅｓｆｏｒＴｉｂｅｔａｎＥｍｉｎｅｎｔＭｏｎｋｓ￥ＯＡＲＡＩＣＥＤＡＩＮＰＵＮＣＯＧＤｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅＭｉｎｇＤｙｎａｓｔｙ，ｔｈｅｅｍｐｅｒｏｒｇａｖｅｈｏｎｏｒｉｆｉｃｔｉｔｌｅｓｔｏｍａｎｙＴｉ...

Central administration of Orphanin FQ inhibits GnRH secretion by ORL1 receptor in the median eminence of freely moving ovariectomized rats

Objective This study aimed to investigate the possible role of Orphanin FQ(OFQ) in the regulation of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) secretion. Methods The method of push-pull perfusion and radioimmunoassay(RIA) were adopted to examine the secretory profile of GnRH in the median eminence(ME) in freely moving ovariectomized(OVX) rats after intracerebroventricular(icv) injection of OFQ and/or [Nphe1]NC(1-13)NH2(NC13),a competitive antagonists of the opioid receptor-like 1 receptor(ORL1 recep...

C57BL/6小鼠大脑皮层区与基底神经节隆起区神经元突触发育过程比较

目的:观察小鼠皮层区和基底神经节隆起(GE)区神经元突触发育过程,阐明兴奋性突触和抑制性突触在不同脑区的体内外发育差异。方法:C57BL/6雌鼠于妊娠第13.5~15.5天断颈处死后,经无菌操作取胚胎小鼠,显微镜下逐步分离获取胚胎小鼠脑组织皮层区和GE区。体外原代培养胚胎小鼠神经元,于培养3、7、14和21 d分别收集细胞样品,并将其作为培养3、7、14和21 d组。采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测各组小鼠皮层区和GE区原代培养神经元中突触后表达蛋白突触后密度蛋白95(PSD95)及桥尾蛋白(Gephyrin) mRNA表达水平。免疫荧光法检测各组小鼠皮层区和GE区原代培养神经元中囊泡谷氨酸转运蛋白1(vGLUT1)、 PSD95、囊泡γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)转运蛋白(vGAT)及Gephyrin蛋白表达水平。免疫荧光法检测胚胎小鼠脑组织皮层区和GE区神经元中vGLUT1及vGAT蛋白表达水平。结果:与培养3 d组比较,培养14和21 d组小鼠皮层区和GE区原代培养神经元中PSD95及Gephyrin mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.01);与皮层区比较,培养14 d组小鼠GE区原代培养神经元中Gephyrin mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.01)。显微镜下观察,培养14 d组小鼠皮层区和GE区原代培养神经元中兴奋性突触及抑制性突触均初步发育,相关蛋白呈阳性表达;其中兴奋性突触相关蛋白阳性表达在皮层区神经元中更为明显,且突触前分子vGLUT1和突触后分子PSD95在皮层区神经元的胞体及突起部位均呈现共定位的特征;抑制性突触前分子vGAT蛋白和突触后分子Gephyrin蛋白在GE区神经元胞体及突起中也呈现共定位的特征,且突触前分子较相应的突触后分子蛋白阳性表达更明显。与皮层区比较,培养14 d组小鼠GE区原代培养神经元中vGLUT1和PSD95蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01),vGAT和Gephyrin蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01)。培养21 d组小鼠皮层区和GE区原代培养神经元突触相关蛋白阳性表达增加,兴奋性突触和抑制性突触进一步成熟并完善。皮层区和GE区原代培养神经元的胞体及突起部位均形成了丰富的突触前后对应的表达模式,突触结构逐步发育良好,且突触前分子较相应的突触后分子蛋白阳性表达更明显。与皮层区比较,培养21 d组小鼠GE区原代培养神经元中vGLUT1和PSD95蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.01),vGAT和Gephyrin蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P<0.01)。与皮层区比较,胚胎小鼠脑组织GE区神经元中vGLUT1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01),vGAT蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:皮层区和GE区神经元的突触发育具有明显的差异性,皮层区兴奋性突触发育较早,GE区抑制性突触发育较早。突触的脑区特异性发育提示不同细胞类型的神经疾病可能具有不同的发育来源。

构建中华民族共同体的中坚——以爱国高僧麻倾翁为个案

麻倾翁作为僧人进藏学法,研究“五明”“密宗”,获“倾哉”职位。著《观音三要讲演集》,获尊称“麻坞倾哉”。凭借宗教界的地位,在西康参与创建“五明学院”筹建工作,还在内地参与“无锡汉藏佛学院”的组建工作,并主坛念经,消灾弥乱。积极参与调解康藏纠纷与当地寺庙冲突,主动宣传“三民主义”,努力于地方稳定工作,巩固边疆国防。在地方与中央召开的相关会议上,积极递交提案,参政议政,力图促进边疆建设。利用自己德高望重的身份参与组建“康藏贸易公司”,支持地方经济发展和国家抗战。通过报刊传播民族团结、民族融合的进步理念,并积极投身抗日宣传工作。作为康区精英,放眼世界,与内地人士广泛接触,主动参与各类社交活动,加强交流,促进民族团结。麻倾翁在中华民族共同体建设中起到了不可或缺的重要作用。

塔额盆地草原蝗虫空间生态位研究

本文分析塔额盆地草原蝗虫的生态位,旨在为当地的蝗灾监控、治理及生态平衡保护提供理论依据。本研究对塔额盆地冲积平原、山前洪积倾斜平原、山地3种地形的草原蝗虫的空间生态位进行分析,统计得出了蝗虫优势度、群落组成差异、Levins生态位宽度和Shannon生态位宽度、Pianka生态位重叠等相关参数。结果表明:3种地形共采集蝗虫6科19种1023头,不同地形优势种、常见种及稀有种均存在差异。山地与山前洪积倾斜平原、冲积平原的蝗虫群落组成差异较大。黑条小车蝗Oedaleus decorus decorus、蓝胫戟纹蝗Dociostaurus tartarus、意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus、红胫戟纹蝗Dociostaurus kraussi kraussi、伪星翅蝗Calliptamus coelesyriensis的生态位较宽且与其他蝗虫存在生态位重叠。塔额盆地草原蝗虫发生种类较多,绝大部分优势种蝗虫对空间资源的利用能力较强、竞争较激烈,对优势危害种加大监测力度,而针对山前洪积倾斜平原中的稀有种类,应加以保护以确保生物多样性。

基于主成分及信息熵的额敏灌区农业用水特征

以额敏灌区农业灌溉用水为研究对象,采用主成分分析、信息熵分析方法,选取10个指标对灌区2009—2021年进行主成分分析。结果表明:影响灌区农业用水的主要驱动因子为衬砌防渗渠道长度、灌溉面积、农作物播种面积、节水灌溉面积、灌溉水量、农业人口数等6个指标;时间上,2009—2022年额敏灌区用水构成以农业灌溉用水为主,耕地、园地、林地、牧草地灌溉用水量分别占农业灌溉用水量的90.25%、3.12%、5.05%、1.58%,农业灌溉用水量于2010—2020年呈现逐年下降趋势;空间上,灌区东北部农业用水以地表水为主,中部与西部地表水和地下水占比基本一致。2009—2022年信息熵值与均衡度在灌区不同地理位置表现为:西部>东北部>中部,东北、中、西部信息熵分别为0.36、0.32、0.56 Nat,东北、中、西部均衡度均值分别为0.26、0.23、0.40。分析成果可为灌区农业灌溉用水现状及用水管理提供理论参考。

基于SBM模型的额敏灌区农业用水效率时空特征分析

基于新疆额敏灌区2009—2021年各项数据指标,利用SBM模型、Malmquist指数、多元线性回归分析等方法,综合分析全要素生产率、农业用水效率及其影响因素.研究发现:2009—2021年农业用水效率均值为0.938,处于较高利用状态;灌区全要素生产率年均值均大于1,农业用水效率总体呈现较好的发展趋势,技术进步起重要作用;空间上,农业用水效率按地区排序由大到小表现为东北部、西部、中部,具体为东北部农业用水效率均值为1.499,中部与西部农业用水效率均值分别为0.495和0.540;种植构成、产值构成与年平均气温是影响额敏灌区农业用水效率的主要因素.

Functional thenar eminence myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of thumb volar defect

This case report describes the use of a Functional Thenar Eminence myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of volar defect of distal right thumb of a 25-year-old male who sustained a twisting injury while working. Part of bone and tendon were exposed and the tip of the distal phalanx was crushed, with bony defect.

王珉及其《高坐别传》考论

王珉字季琰,东晋著名文人,也是一位虔诚的佛教信徒,曾为纪念西域来华僧人帛尸梨密(世称“高座”或“高坐”)创作《高坐别传》。王珉其人,《晋书》有传,附于卷六五《王导传》之后,然而所记载的内容仅限于生平梗概,相关事迹也存在较大争议。关于《高坐别传》,清人丁国《补晋书艺文志》等史志目录中有载,但均未注明撰者。《高坐别传》的作者信息首见于释慧皎与王曼颖往来书信中,《高坐别传》经由“别传—经录—总传”的因袭轨迹,最终被《高僧传》收录,为两晋佛教史研究提供了不可或缺的史料依据。

2007—2020年新疆额敏县野果林时空分布和重心动态变化

以额敏县野果林分布区域为研究区,利用2007年快鸟(Quick bird)遥感影像、2013年和2020年高分一号卫星遥感影像、野果林野外实测数据等,实现野果林的信息解译和面积提取,基于动态度模型、转移矩阵模型、重心迁移模型,分析了2007—2020年研究区野果林的时空分布特征和动态变化情况,掌握了各类地物与野果林之间的相互转换,剖析了野果林空间分布的重心偏移规律,探讨了影响研究区野果林时空分布变化的原因。结果表明,2007—2020年,野果林面积增加了3.91 km2,呈持续缓慢增加趋势,旅游景区的开发,直接导致建筑用地面积有所增加;14年间,野果林面积逐步增加,归因于草地和裸土向野果林的转换较为频繁,其中草地向野果林的转化最为显著;野果林的重心变化幅度较小,空间分布较为稳定。

浅析五运六气与金元四大家学术观点的关系

五运六气首见于《黄帝内经》,在宋金元时期蓬勃发展。其中为代表的宋金元时期的医家刘完素、张从正、李杲、朱震亨被后世誉为金元四大家。他们所处时代前后相距不到300年,学术观点却寒热温凉,各有所宜。本文从金元四大家各自所处“六气大司天”背景特点的客观和其各自对运气理论阐发的主观两大角度挖掘,研究发现金元四大家学术观点寒热温凉的不同,均与各自所值“六气大司天”特点相契合;金元四大家皆推崇五运六气理论及运气思维下六气与人体经络脏腑气化密切联系的六经气化学说。本文探讨运气学说与金元四大家学术观点的关系,以冀对五运六气与各家学说研究提供一点浅见。

Professor Tafu Yu: an eminent agricultural scientist and outstanding educator of our nation

Prof. Tafu Yu (1901-1993)(Fig. 1) is a pioneering scientist of phytopathology and agricultural microbiology in China. Like most of the scientists of his generation, Prof. Yu gave up the attractive conditions abroad and went back to China with the determination to rescue the nation with his knowledge. He has devoted his entire life to the development of phytopathology in China since 1924. Prof. Yu is also a distinguished educator who has instructed and in spired several generations of talent students for the country and has made outstanding contributions to the development of the agricultural scienee and education in China.

杖锡泛海:唐代海上丝绸之路南线高僧交往特征谫论

中土对外文化交往具有诸多方式,随着“一带一路”倡议的推进,以海上丝绸之路的视角切入佛教文化交流成为新的关注点。拟以宗教宽容且对外开放的唐朝为例,结合僧传与相关史料筛选海上丝绸之路南线致力于交往的中外高僧,从马克思主义交往理论发凡,探讨此阶段沿海路传法与取法高僧群体及行为的若干普遍性交往特征,解析交往特征下的内外因素,并对未来人间佛教学在“一带一路”倡议下的新发展提出设想。此外,对交往特征的多层面探源也组成了大唐社会及与周边国家关系的“缩影”,冀以作为观察当时社会风貌与国家交往的新窗口。

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the hypothalamic median eminence during aging

Aging is a slow and progressive natural process that compromises the normal functions of cells,tissues,organs,and systems.The aging of the hypothalamic median eminence(ME),a structural gate linking neural and endocrine systems,may impair hormone release,energy homeostasis,and central sensing of circulating molecules,leading to systemic and reproductive aging.However,the molecular and cellular features of ME aging remain largely unknown.Here,we describe the transcriptional landscape of young and middleaged mouse ME at single-cell resolution,revealing the common and cell type-specific transcriptional changes with age.The transcriptional changes in cell-intrinsic programs,cell-cell crosstalk,and cellextrinsic factors highlight five molecular features of ME aging and also implicate several potentially druggable targets at cellular,signaling,and molecular levels.Importantly,our results suggest that vascular and leptomeningeal cells may lead the asynchronized aging process among diverse cell types and drive local inflammation and cellular senescence via a unique secretome.Together,our study uncovers how intrinsic and extrinsic features of each cell type in the hypothalamic ME are changed by the aging process,which will facilitate our understanding of brain aging and provide clues for efficient anti-aging intervention at the middle-aged stage.