Comparative analysis of breast and lung cancer survival rates and clinical trial enrollments among rural and urban patients in Georgia

Objectives:Rural patients have poor cancer outcomes and clinical trial(CT)enrollment compared to urban patients due to attitudinal,awareness,and healthcare access differential.Knowledge of cancer survival disparities and CT enrollment is important for designing interventions and innovative approaches to address the stated barriers.The study explores the potential disparities in cancer survival rates and clinical trial enrollments in rural and urban breast and lung cancer patients.Our hypotheses are that for both cancer types,urban cancer patients will have longer 5-year survival rates and higher enrollment rates in clinical trials than those in rural counties.Methods:We compared breast and lung cancer patients’survival rates and enrollment ratios in clinical trials between rural(RUCC 4-9)and urban counties in Georgia at a Comprehensive Cancer Center(CCC).To assess these differences,we carried out a series of independent samples t-tests and Chi-Square tests.Results:The outcomes indicate comparable 5-year survival rates across rural and urban counties for breast and lung cancer patients,failing to substantiate our hypothesis.While clinical trial enrollment rates demonstrated a significant difference between breast and lung cancer patients at CCC,no significant variation was observed based on rural or urban classification.Conclusion:These findings underscore the need for further research into the representation of rural patients with diverse cancer types at CCC and other cancer centers.Further,the findings have considerable implications for the initiation of positive social change to improve CT participation and reduce cancer survival disparities.

Research on Quality Assurance System of Talent Cultivation in Higher Vocational Colleges from the Background of Enrollment Expansion

The enrollment expansion of higher vocational education is not only a strategic measure to alleviate the structural contradiction of employment,but also an important support for economic transformation and upgrading.How to deal with the expansion of enrollment and ensure the quality of training is an important task of higher vocational colleges at this stage.Based on the development requirements of the new era,it is of great practical significance to build a perfect quality assurance system of talent training.

快速康复模式下结直肠癌传统开放手术与腹腔镜手术的疗效对比:一项基于多中心的随机对照试验(EnROL)

目的腹腔镜辅助手术和多重管理方案（即加速康复程序,Enhanced Recovery Program,ERP）极大地改变了结直肠癌患者的围手术期管理,并改善了临床治疗结局。然而,腹腔镜手术尚未成为世界范围内结直肠癌手术治疗的标准,大量有着良好开腹手术技术的外科医生仍采用传统手术方式治疗。究竟传统开腹手术辅助ERP能否与腹腔镜辅助的微创治疗匹敌？这一问题还存在争议。EnROL（Enhanced Recovery Open versus Laparoscopic）多中心随机对照试验旨在解答上述问题。资料和方法该研究为Ⅲ期多中心随机对照临床试验,纳入可择期手术的成年结直肠癌患者（年龄≥18岁）,按1∶1随机分配至腹腔镜组或开腹组,两组均应用快速康复多重管理程序（ERP）进行围手术期管理。通过纳入中心、肿瘤部位（结肠或直肠）、年龄组（〈66/66~75/〉75岁）再进行分层分析。研究的主要结局指标为术后1个月的机体疲劳感（使用多维疲劳量表MFI-20评价）,次要结局指标包括：住院时间、术后并发症、患者其他不适情况及身体机能（简表SF-36）。术后7天或更早出院之前,受试患者和结局评估人员都不知晓治疗情况。手术质量及病理评估由中心负责人员进行盲评。该研究在英国临床伦理委员会南部牛津中心B注册,注册号为No.07/H0605/150。结果研究从2008年7月开始,至2012年4月结束,共在英国的12个中心纳入204例病人（其中腹腔镜组103人,开放结合ERP组101人）。腹腔组的切除范围[（6.8±3.7）vs.（18.4±7.5）cm]以及术中出血量[（115±152）vs.（257±290）ml]较开腹组减少,但手术时间[（182±69）vs.（135±54）min]相对延长,总体手术相关损伤评分[（31.2±6.0）vs.（31.8±6.0）]没有明显差别。两组病人术后1个月的机体疲劳感评分无显著差异[MFI-20（12.28,95%CI：11.3~13.1）vs.（12.05,95%CI：11.2~13.1）;P=0.93]。然而,腹腔镜组的中位住院时间较开腹组明显缩短（5 vs.7天;四分位点间距：4~9 vs.5~11天;P=0.033）。其他次要结局和病理报告质量均未见显著差异。结论虽然有经验的外科医生运用开腹手术结合加速康复程序可使结直肠癌患者术后疲乏感及其他不适情况降低至腹腔镜手术治疗相当的水平,但是住院时间会有明显的延长。在治疗结局无明显差别的前提下,腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌手术结合快速康复程序更应被推广使用。

Feasibility Study of Enforcing Immunization Certificate Check Before Primary School or Kindergarten Enrollment in Guizhou Province, China

Objective To study the feasibility of enforcing immunization certificate check before children enroll in primary schools or kindergartens in Guizhou Province. Methods Quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted. The multi-stage and cluster sampling approach was adopted for the quantitative part of the study. A questionnaire was designed and 996 children and their keepers were interviewed. Principals, doctors or teachers of the primary schools, directors and child care nurses of kindergarten, and staff of immunization agencies were invited to take part in 12 focus group discussions; meanwhile, face-to-face individual in-depth interviews with 16 officials of the Health, Education and Governmental Departments at various levels were conducted. Results The total number of subjects was 996. 16.7% of the children in the study completed all the procedures of the National Immunization Programme. 34.3% of them had immunization certificates while the remainder 44.7% registered in immunization agencies. Factors, including the migrant children, doubt about vaccine efficiency, mother’s occupation and educational background, knowledge of the National Immunization Programme on targeted vaccines, played an important role in obtaining or not immunization certificates. 95% of the keepers interviewed thought the immunization certificates were useful; 94.8% of them considered the check was critical while only 3.6% of them thought it unnecessary. The first reason from those who found it unnecessary was that they feared that repeated immunization might affect their children’s health. The second reason was the cost of immunization, which some of them could not afford to pay. However, the Health Department expressed a favorable attitude to the checking scheme. Though the Education Department agreed that the scheme was essential, they worried that it would affect the enrollment rate.Conclusion In spite of the difficulty in administering immunization certificate check, the effort would be rewarding for raising the immunization coverage rate among the children in Guizhou Province.

Mobilization Initiatives for Enhancing Secondary School Students’ Enrolment into Vocational and Technical Education Program of Universities for Self Reliance in South East, Nigeria

This study focused on identification of mobilization initiatives for enhancing student’s enrolment into Vocational and Technical Education (VTE) programs in Nigerian Universities. Three research questions guided the study while three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study was carried out in South East, Nigeria. Population for the study was 1340. Sample for the study was 753 obtained through proportionate (30%) stratified random sampling technique. A 38 item questionnaire was developed and used to collect data. Data obtained were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer research questions while t-test statistic was used to test hypotheses at probability of 0.05 level. It was found out by the study that 38 mobilization initiatives could be used to enhance students’ enrolment into Vocational and Technical Education Programs in Nigerian Universities. It was therefore recommended that the identified mobilization initiatives be implemented by relevant stakeholders to enhance secondary school students’ enrollment into VTE programs in Nigerian Universities.

Training School of Rheumatism Enrolling New Students(In Chinese)

Base on the folk secret formula, the medical personals have developed Qu Feng Powder (祛风散) and Qu Feng Pills (祛风丸) which are made from pure Chinese herbs, indicated for rheumatic diseases, hyperosteopeny, and protrusion of intervertebral disc, etc. In the training course, you can learn the pathogenic mechanism, diagnosis and treatment based on TCM differentiation of syndromes, and preparation of the above drugs. For further details and application form, please contact with the Training school.Address: Training School of Rheumatism, Julu County 055250, Hebei Province, P. R. ChinaTel:

Factors Influencing Students Decisions to Enrollment in Sudanese Higher Education Institutions

There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of data mining in educational systems. This recognition makes educational data mining a new growing research community. One way to achieve the highest level of quality in a higher education system is by discovering knowledge from educational data such as students’ enrollment data. Many mining tools that aim to discover exciting correlations, frequent patterns, associations, or casual structures among sets of items in educational data sets have been proposed. One of the widely used tools is association rules. In this paper, the Apriori algorithm is used to generate association rules to discover the importance and correlation between factors that influence student’s decision to enroll in higher education institutions in Sudan. The algorithm is applied using a student’s enrollment data set that was created using a questionnaire and 800 students enrolled in governmental and private sector universities as a sample. This paper classifies factors that influence enrollment into: student’s demographic factors and four categories of enrollment related factors (Student and Society, Educational Institution, Admission, and Employment related factors), and determines the most influential factors in determining student’s decision to enroll in Sudanese universities. The analysis result shows that the Educational Institution related factors (50%) and Admission related factors (40%) are strongly influencing students’ enrollment decision, while the Employment related factors (10%) and Student and Society related factors (0%) have weak influence. The factors out of the 14 Educational Institution related factors that have a high impact are: reputation, diversity of study, quality of education, education facilities, and feasibility.

Certification and Conversion Mode of Learning Achievement Based on Credit Bank under the Background of Higher Vocational Enrollment Expansion

Credit bank system is a very important management mode in current higher vocational education,and it is also an important means for the Ministry of Education to promote China's modern education reform.This paper combines the specific background of higher vocational enrollment expansion,expounds the practical significance of the credit bank system in the training of the expanded enrollment talents,and explores the methods and rules of the authentication and transformation of the learning achievement of the expanded enrollment students under the system.In order to achieve convergence of different types of learning results,smooth talent growth channel,a useful exploration is carried out.

Research on Application of Self-media Platform in College Enrollment Publicity in the New Period

Since the arrival of the media era,colleges and universities have undergone many new changes in enrollment,especially in the recruitment publicity work,self-media platform plays an important role.But for now,there are some problems in the application of self-media in college enrollment propaganda,for example,the promotion and management level of the platform needs to be improved,and the low quality of platform push content seriously affects the application effect of self-media.This paper aims at the problems existing in the application of self-media platform in the college enrollment propaganda,and formulates the effective solution strategy of the department,constantly improve the application effect of self-media platform in college enrollment propaganda.

Informed consent process: ethical and practical challenges in clinical trials regarding subject enrollment, protection, and informed consent in developing countries (India, Pakistan & Iran)

In this study,we are discussing the rationale behind informed consent in clinical trials in developing countries.It elaborates how informed consent has remained an ethical and practical issue.Poverty,endemic diseases,and a lack of investment in healthcare systems influence the ease of conducting and selecting trials that can benefit the people of developing countries.Differences in cultural perspectives,religious beliefs,a lack of formal training for clinical staff,children,time zone difference,literacy,vulnerable population,and language barriers for subject enrollment,protection,and informed are also challenges.This report doesn’t only highlight the right the wrongs of the past or reiterate cases where clinical trials have hurt subjects in developing countries.The current study investigates the conditions of human research in developing countries to make them more ethically sound.The extends proposals to investigators,scientists,governments,sponsors,and other groups who are interested where appropriate.

Realistic Dilemma and Solution of “Vocational Skill Test” under the Background of Enrollment Reform of Classified Examination in Higher Vocational Colleges in Jilin Province

In the process of Higher Vocational classified examination enrollment reform,Jilin Province has adopted a diversified examination enrollment model and“cultural quality test+vocational skill test”evaluation method,and established the“vocational education college entrance examination”system.This paper analyzes the important role and practical difficulties of“vocational skill test”in Higher Vocational classified examination,studies the existing problems,and puts forward to reasonably divide the proportion of“cultural quality test”and“vocational skill test”,sets diversified admission standards,scientifically sets up the assessment methods and contents of“vocational skill test”,further improves the“cultural quality test+vocational skill test”evaluation method and builds a classified examination and enrollment system more in line with the characteristics of vocational education.

Should Parents Escort Their Children to First-Year University Enrollment?

Colleges and universities across China usually find crowds of first-year students swarming through their gates in late August and early September. part of this process is for parents to escort their children, a phenomenon that is an annual topic of debate across China. Many people think that parents escorting their children to colleges and

The Impact of Demographics and Cultural Tourism on University Enrollments in Calabria, Italy

The decline in the birth rate,which has been uninterrupted in Italy since the mid-1960s,has had a significant impact on many aspects of society.As far as the educational system is concerned,this phenomenon has acted like a wave,first causing a decline in the population of the first school age groups,then in the other groups,until recently affecting the 19-25 age group,which includes the majority of university students.As a result,the majority of Italian universities have seen a decline over time in both enrollments(matriculations)and student numbers(enrollments),although the situation varies from one area to another.In the Mezzogiorno,this trend is even more pronounced,since an increasing number of resident students tend to favor universities in the Centre-North,creating a South-Centre-North movement,which could be compared to a particular form of cultural tourism,without a similar flow in the opposite direction.Finally,the study highlights the probable consequences of the recent demographic depopulation on the future trend of university enrollment of residents aged 19-25 in the Calabria region,using the most recent demographic projections of Istat and constructing two evolutionary scenarios.In the first scenario,we have assumed that in the near future university enrollment rates remain constant throughout the period considered;in the second scenario,these rates instead experience a gradual and continuous increase.These results could be useful if further forecasts of university enrollments were to be made at the level of individual Calabrian universities.

高校大规模招生应用综合素质评价的困境与对策

综合素质评价纳入高校招生是新高考改革的重要内容,然而除了部分试点高校对综合评价招生进行积极探索以外,在高校大规模招生中尚未有效应用,影响到新高考改革的整体成效。从高校主体视角看,综合素质评价在高校大规模招生中的应用困境主要表现为“不能用”“不愿用”“不会用”“不敢用”的“四大困境”。实现高校在大规模招生中对综合素质评价“能用”“愿用”“会用”“敢用”,需要提升综合素质评价质量,扩大综合素质评价使用空间;树立正确的招生理念,控制招生录取工作成本;加强相关研究与探索,提升高校招生能力;加快构建社会诚信体系,提供包容的改革环境。

“择智”与“择志”:对强基计划人才选拔效果的实证研究

随着强基计划的实施与推进,如何从实证层面分析基础学科拔尖创新人才选拔效果成为愈发重要的现实课题。基于强基计划某试点高校2020—2023年四届本科新生调查数据,采用定量为主、质性为辅的方法,从“智”和“志”两个维度比较强基学生与同届同院系高考统招学生的异同。研究发现:从“智”的角度看,强基生的高考成绩显著低于同年级同院系的统招生,但能力素养自评显著高于统招生;从“志”的角度看,理工科院系强基生对专业了解程度更高,文科强基生的专业兴趣显著更低,但整体的学历预期及从事科研工作的意愿皆显著高于统招生。基于上述实证结果,本研究从国家和高校两个层面对拔尖创新人才的选拔提出政策建议。

某专科医院DRGs结算模式下未入组病例分析及改进措施

目的分析某专科医院在疾病诊断相关组(diagnosis related groups,DRGs)结算模式下存在的未入组病例问题,并提出相应的改进措施。方法通过回顾性分析和专家讨论,选取并总结某专科医院2021年1月—2022年6月上传至市医保平台病例信息管理系统中病例33935例中未入组病例300例,并对所有的未入组病例进行深入分析。结果未入组病例原因主要为主要诊断编码或者手术编码为灰码、医保版本切换导致原本入组的有效主诊断变成无效主诊断、主要诊断编码国家临床版医保版没有做好对照和临床医师主要诊断选择错误等方面。结论通过对医院DRGs结算模式下未入组病例的全面分析,找到改进措施,不断加强对临床医师和编码员的培训、加强病案首页质控、加强信息系统建设,从而提高DRGs入组率。

地方本科院校硕士生综合表现与生源关系分析——基于A高校管理学院的实证研究

从硕士研究生的性别、本科学校层次及升学方式三个方面,系统分析地方本科院校A高校管理学院硕士研究生的综合表现与生源关系。研究发现地方本科院校硕士生中女学生整体综合表现优于男生,但男生拔尖比例更高。“双一流”生源的学生获一等和二等奖学金的综合比例高于非“双一流”院校,但这种差距在逐渐缩小。推免生生源占比偏低,并且在研究生期间整体表现良而不优,需要引起关注。生源与研究生综合表现之间关系复杂,没有必然联系,在重视提高生源质量的同时更重要的是研究生期间学校的培养和学生的努力。

高质量、多层次化学实验教学中心的教学团队建设

实验教学是培养化学人才的重要途径,实验中心是化学实验教学的主要承担单位,是化学实验育人的重要平台,中心的教学质量和建设水平对所培养学生的科学素养和能力有决定性影响。在新一轮高校教学改革和建设世界一流大学过程中,化学实验中心也遇到全新挑战,主要来自大类招生、大类培养的院系多样化需求和强基计划背景下多个院系要求实现本博贯通的高层次人才培养需求。在此背景下,实验教学必须要依托一个高质量、多层次的实验教学平台,为此清华化学实验中心成立了基础化学实验教学团队,坚持教学相长、以研促教的原则,积极邀请科研水平高、学术能力强、热爱教学工作的教研和研究系列教师加入实验课团队,参与授课、组织研讨提高教学水平,应对多层次的培养需要,取得了良好的建设效果。