Effective extraction of polyribosomes from astrocytes enables future discoveries on translation regulation

Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain complexity.Regulation of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological cues.Speedy advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease progression.However,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain conditions.Hence,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene expression.Quantification of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).

A magic organic molecule assembled capping layer enables airprocessed α-FAPbI_(3) perovskite solar cell with state-of-the-art performances

The black-phase formamidine-lead iodide(α-FAPbI_(3)),boasting an optimal bandgap of 1.5 eV,stands out as a premier choice for narrow-bandgap perovskite solar cells(PSCs),achieving a certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 26.1%[1−5].This impressive performance hinges on the orderly and homogeneous crystallization ofα-phase pure FAPbI_(3),facilitated by coordinating solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)to form intermediates like PbI_(2)-DMSO complex(D-complex).The D-complex plays a pivotal role in crystallization thermodynamics,enabling the direct formation of α-FAPbI_(3) without the photoinactiveδ-phase[6−9].However,DMSO,a commonly used coordinating solvent,is highly hygroscopic and prone to hydration upon moisture exposure.This tendency leads to incomplete perovskite crystallization and accelerates the transformation of α-FAPbI_(3) into itsδ-phase[2,10].Consequently,the best-performing α-FAPbI_(3)PSCs must be processed in an inert atmosphere with strictly controlled relative humidity(RH)and suffers from relatively poor reproducibility.Given the hard-to-control atmosphere at industrial scale,it is challenging yet imperative to eliminate the negative effects stemming from hygroscopic coordinating solvents[11−13].

ZTE Enables Calls from the World's Highest Point

ZTE Corporation, a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, announced that it has successfully deployed eight 3G stations in the Mt. Everest National Park including at Mt Everest base camp, 5,180 meters above sea level, to provide quality voice and 3G broadband services for local residents and mountaineers from all around the world preparing to climb the world＇s highest mountain.

A patterned titania nanorod array enables high fill factor in perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a new-generation photovoltaic technology that features both low manufacturing cost and high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) [1-3].In the past decade,the PCEs of PSCs have increased from 3.8% to 25.5%,which are now comparable to those of silicon-based solar cells.Nevertheless,by comparing the detailed device parameters of record PSCs reported at different times,Peng et al.

Correction to:An endotenon sheath‑inspired double‑network binder enables superior cycling performance of silicon electrodes

The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes.1.The authors found that the data unit in Fig.3a–f is wrong.The corrected version of Fig.3 is given below:2.The authors found that explanation of the data lines in Fig.2e is wrong.The corrected version of the explanation of Fig.2e is given below:The DNB can endure approximately 300%stretching and withstand stress up to about 1.5 MPa,as shown in Fig.2e.

Widespread haploid-biased gene expression enables sperm-level natural selection

Sperm are haploid,but must be functionally equivalent to distribute alleles equally among progeny.Accordingly,gene products are shared through spermatid cytoplasmic bridges which erase phenotypic differences between individual haploid sperm.Here,we show that a large class of mammalian genes are not completely shared across these bridges.We term these genes"genoinformative markers"(GIMs)and show that a subset can act as selfish genetic elements that spread alleles unevenly through murine,bovine,and human populations.We identify evolutionary pressure to avoid conflict between sperm and somatic function as GIMs are enriched for testis-specific gene expression,paralogs,and isoforms.

Co-opting signalling molecules enables logic-gated control of CAR T cells

Although chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells have altered the treatment landscape for B cell malignancies,the risk of on-target,off-tumour toxicity has hampered their development for solid tumours because most target antigens are shared with normal cells1,2.Researchers have attempted to apply Boolean-logic gating to CAR T cells to prevent toxicity3-5;however,a truly safe and effective logic-gated CAR has remained elusive6.

An enzyme cascade enables production of therapeutic oligonucleotides in a single operation

Therapeutic oligonucleotides have emerged as a powerful drug modality with the potential to treat a wide range of diseases;however,the rising number of therapies poses a manufacturing challenge.Existing synthetic methods use stepwise extension of sequences immobilized on solid supports and are limited by their scalability and sustainability.We report a biocatalytic approach to efficiently produce oligonucleotides in a single operation where polymerases and endonucleases work in synergy to amplify complementary sequences embedded within catalytic self-priming templates.This approach uses unprotected building blocks and aqueous conditions.We demonstrate the versatility of this methodology through the synthesis of clinically relevant oligonucleotide sequences containing diverse modifications.

Localizing vitamin-C through nanoconfinement enables high-rate CO_(2) electrolysis to ethylene

The electrosynthesis of value-added fuels and chemicals from carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is a promising approach for realizing the objectives of carbon neutrality[1].Nevertheless,the current production of desirable multicarbon(C_(2+))chemicals,such as ethylene(C_(2)H_(4)),still encounters challenges related to low selectivity,low current density,and the requirement for high-purity feeding gas[2].

Micro-patterning of spintronic emitters enables ultrabroadband structured terahertz radiation

Structured light beams offer promising properties for a variety of applications,but the generation of broadband structured light remains a challenge.New opportunities are emerging in the terahertz frequency range owing to recent progress in light-driven ultrafast vectorial currents through spatially patterning spintronic and optoelectronic systems.

Aerobic glycolysis enables the effector differentiation potential of stem-like CD4^(+)T cells to combat cancer

In 1957,Macfarlane Burnet proposed the theory that harnessing the body’s immune system could be an effective method for cancer treatment[1].Today,T-cell-based immunotherapies have indeed become a vital part of cancer treatment[2].However,a deeper understanding of antitumor immunity is still necessary to further support these treatments.Notably,CD4^(+)T cells are central to mediating antitumor immune responses[3,4,5,6],yet the cellular and molecular programs governing CD4^(+)T-cell antitumor immunity remain unclear.Our recent research revealed that CD4^(+)T-cell immunity is critically dependent on an intrinsic stem-like program[7].

Aberration correction for deformable-mirror-based remote focusing enables high-accuracy whole-cell super-resolution imaging

Single-molecule localization microscopy(SMLM)enables three-dimensional(3D)investigation of nanoscale structures in biological samples,offering unique insights into their organization.However,traditional 3D super-resolution microscopy using high numerical aperture(NA)objectives is limited by imaging depth of field(DOF),restricting their practical application to relatively thin biological samples.Here,we developed a unified solution for thick sample super-resolution imaging using a deformable mirror(DM)which served for fast remote focusing,optimized point spread function(PSF)engineering,and accurate aberration correction.By effectively correcting the system aberrations introduced during remote focusing and sample aberrations at different imaging depths,we achieved high-accuracy,large DOF imaging(~8μm)of the whole-cell organelles[i.e.,nuclear pore complex(NPC),microtubules,and mitochondria]with a nearly uniform resolution of approximately 35 nm across the entire cellular volume.

A weak allele of TGW5 enables greater seed propagation and efficient size-based seed sorting for hybrid rice production

Dear Editors,Heterosis utilization is an effective way to improve crop yield.Hybrid rice typically out-yield inbred rice varieties by 10%and show better stress resistance,and they have been widely adopted in Asian countries since the 1980s(Cheng et al.,2007).To produce rice F1 hybrid seeds(HSDs),male sterile lines(MSLs)are grown side by side with restorer lines(RLs)in order to receive the RL pollen.This seed production system faces challenges in maintaining the seed purity of the HSDs owing to the physical proximity of MSL and RL plants in the field.Traditionally,MSLs and RLs are planted in alternate rows to enable physical separation of seeds during harvesting.

Deep learning-based optical aberration estimation enables offline digital adaptive optics and super-resolution imaging

Optical aberrations degrade the performance of fluorescence microscopy.Conventional adaptive optics(AO)leverages specific devices,such as the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and deformable mirror,to measure and correct optical aberrations.However,conventional AO requires either additional hardware or a more complicated imaging procedure,resulting in higher cost or a lower acquisition speed.In this study,we proposed a novel space-frequency encoding network(SFE-Net)that can directly estimate the aberrated point spread functions(PSFs)from biological images,enabling fast optical aberration estimation with high accuracy without engaging extra optics and image acquisition.We showed that with the estimated PSFs,the optical aberration can be computationally removed by the deconvolution algorithm.Furthermore,to fully exploit the benefits of SFE-Net,we incorporated the estimated PSF with neural network architecture design to devise an aberration-aware deeplearning super-resolution model,dubbed SFT-DFCAN.We demonstrated that the combination of SFE-Net and SFT-DFCAN enables instant digital AO and optical aberration-aware super-resolution reconstruction for live-cell imaging.

TSC1 enables plastid development under dark conditions, contributing to rice adaptation to transplantation shock

Since its domestication from wild rice thousands of years ago, rice has been cultivated largely through transplantation. During transplantation from the nursery to the paddy field, rice seedlings experience transplantation shock which affects their physiology and production.However, the mechanisms underlying transplantation shock and rice adaptation to this shock are largely unknown. Here,we isolated a transplant-sensitive chloroplast-deficient（tsc_1）rice mutant that produces albino leaves after transplantation.Blocking light from reaching the juvenile leaves and leaf primordia caused chloroplast deficiencies in transplanted tsc_1 seedlings. TSC_1 encodes a noncanonical adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette（ABC） transporter homologous to At NAP_（14） and is of cyanobacterial origin. We demonstrate that TSC_1 controls plastid development in rice under dark conditions, and functions independently of light signaling.However, light rescued the tsc_1 mutant phenotype in a spectrum-independent manner. TSC_1 was upregulated following transplantation, and modulated the iron and copper levels, thereby regulating prolamellar body formation during the early P_4 stage of leaf development. Therefore, TSC_1 is indispensable for plastid development in the absence of light,and contributes to adaptation to transplantation shock.Our study provides insight into the regulation of plastid development and establishes a framework for improving recovery from transplantation shock in rice.

Inspires effective alternatives to backpropagation:predictive coding helps understand and build learning

Artificial neural networks are capable of machine learning by simulating the hiera rchical structure of the human brain.To enable learning by brain and machine,it is essential to accurately identify and correct the prediction errors,referred to as credit assignment(Lillicrap et al.,2020).It is critical to develop artificial intelligence by understanding how the brain deals with credit assignment in neuroscience.

Doping-induced phase transition enables better electrocatalysts

Switching from fossil-fuel economy to hydrogen economy requires efficient catalysts to facilitate several funda- mental electrochemical reactions,including oxygen evolution reaction (OER),hydrogen evolution reaction (HER),oxygen reduction reaction (ORR),and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR).At present,platinum-group materials are still considered as the state-of-the-art catalysts,which,however,are rare and expensive,resulting in tremendous restrictions to wide usage.The future of hydrogen economy demands the design of cost-effective and highly active catalysts that are geologically abundant, particularly for affordable and scalable device systems.As for non-platinum-group electrocatalysts,strategies to enhance their catalytic performances include controlling their size,morphology and composition,creating defects and strains,as well as modulating the van der Waals interactions and crystal phases,etc.[1,2].Although remarkable progress has been achieved,innovations in catalyst design that aim to further promote catalytic activities are still highly desired.

Electron-deficient core fused-ring based non-fullerene acceptor enables over 15% efficiency in single junction organic solar cells

With the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Key Research&Development Project of China,the research team led by Prof.Zou YingPing(邹应萍)at the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Central South University,reported a new nonfullerene acceptor Y6 with a fused-ring structure containing electron-deficient bcnzothiadiazole core.

Chaotic ray dynamics enables photonics with broadband light

Propagation of sound waves through reflections along a curved surface was first theoretically analyzed by Lord Rayleigh to explain the whispering gallery waves in St. Paul＇s Cathedral in London. Similar whispering gallery sound waves are now a popular tourist attraction at the Echo Wall of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. Whispering gallery phenomena also exist for light waves in dielectric spheres, disks, or toroids where total internal reflection allows the light to circulate with little attenuation and interfere with itself to form optical resonances or modes. These ＂whisper- ing gallery modes＂ have found applications ranging from photonics, quantum physics, biosensing, to optical clocks [1,2].

Joule heated sorbent design enables faster cleanup of viscous crude-oil spill

Subject Code:E02 With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a research team led by Prof.Yu Shuhong(俞书宏)from the University of Science and Technology of China made a breakthrough in the cleanup of viscous crude-oil spill.Their team for the first time realized the fast absorption of high