Physical Layer Encryption of OFDM-PON Based on Quantum Noise Stream Cipher with Polar Code

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network(OFDM-PON) has superior anti-dispersion property to operate in the C-band of fiber for increased optical power budget. However,the downlink broadcast exposes the physical layer vulnerable to the threat of illegal eavesdropping. Quantum noise stream cipher(QNSC) is a classic physical layer encryption method and well compatible with the OFDM-PON. Meanwhile, it is indispensable to exploit forward error correction(FEC) to control errors in data transmission. However, when QNSC and FEC are jointly coded, the redundant information becomes heavier and thus the code rate of the transmitted signal will be largely reduced. In this work, we propose a physical layer encryption scheme based on polar-code-assisted QNSC. In order to improve the code rate and security of the transmitted signal, we exploit chaotic sequences to yield the redundant bits and utilize the redundant information of the polar code to generate the higher-order encrypted signal in the QNSC scheme with the operation of the interleaver.We experimentally demonstrate the encrypted 16/64-QAM, 16/256-QAM, 16/1024-QAM, 16/4096-QAM QNSC signals transmitted over 30-km standard single mode fiber. For the transmitted 16/4096-QAM QNSC signal, compared with the conventional QNSC method, the proposed method increases the code rate from 0.1 to 0.32 with enhanced security.

A color image encryption scheme based on a 2D coupled chaotic system and diagonal scrambling algorithm

A novel color image encryption scheme is developed to enhance the security of encryption without increasing the complexity. Firstly, the plain color image is decomposed into three grayscale plain images, which are converted into the frequency domain coefficient matrices(FDCM) with discrete cosine transform(DCT) operation. After that, a twodimensional(2D) coupled chaotic system is developed and used to generate one group of embedded matrices and another group of encryption matrices, respectively. The embedded matrices are integrated with the FDCM to fulfill the frequency domain encryption, and then the inverse DCT processing is implemented to recover the spatial domain signal. Eventually,under the function of the encryption matrices and the proposed diagonal scrambling algorithm, the final color ciphertext is obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed method can not only ensure efficient encryption but also satisfy various sizes of image encryption. Besides, it has better performance than other similar techniques in statistical feature analysis, such as key space, key sensitivity, anti-differential attack, information entropy, noise attack, etc.

Image encryption technique based on new two-dimensional fractional-order discrete chaotic map and Menezes–Vanstone elliptic curve cryptosystem

We propose a new fractional two-dimensional triangle function combination discrete chaotic map(2D-TFCDM)with the discrete fractional difference.Moreover,the chaos behaviors of the proposed map are observed and the bifurcation diagrams,the largest Lyapunov exponent plot,and the phase portraits are derived,respectively.Finally,with the secret keys generated by Menezes-Vanstone elliptic curve cryptosystem,we apply the discrete fractional map into color image encryption.After that,the image encryption algorithm is analyzed in four aspects and the result indicates that the proposed algorithm is more superior than the other algorithms.

Secured Access Policy in Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption for Cloud Environment

The cloud allows clients to store and share data.Depending on the user’s needs,it is imperative to design an effective access control plan to share the information only with approved users.The user loses control of their data when the data is outsourced to the cloud.Therefore,access control mechanisms will become a significant challenging problem.The Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption(CP-ABE)is an essential solution in which the user can control data access.CP-ABE encrypts the data under a limited access policy after the user sets some access policies.The user can decrypt the data if they satisfy the limited access policy.Although CP-ABE is an effective access control program,the privacy of the policy might be compromised by the attackers.Namely,the attackers can gather important information from plain text policy.To address this issue,the SHA-512 algorithm is presented to create a hash code for the user’s attributes in this paper.Depending on the created hash codes,an access policy will be formed.It leads to protecting the access policy against attacks.The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is assessed based on decryption time,private key generation time,ciphertext generation time,and data verification time.

Permutation Code Encryption—New Achievement Based on Path Encryption

By researching into the attack to present block cipher, we find an essential reason leading to the assailable encryption strength, set up a new block cipher idea and put forward a block cipher encryption concept path encryption. We present permutation code encryption which is based on path encryption. Now permutation code encryption is a patent of Chinese invention. In Permutation Code Encryption, we use a pseudo-random sequence of the keys to control the paths. The simulation result shows that for n-bit block the encryption strength is novel higher than 2^n and the algorithm can finish the encryption of one block in 7.5 ns, which is unrelated with the block length.

Multiple Encryption-based Algorithm of Agricultural Product Trace Code

To establish a sound traceability system of agricultural products and guarantee security of agricultural products,an algorithm is proposed to encrypt trace code of agricultural products.Original trace code consists of 34 digits indicating such information as place of origin,name of product,date of production and authentication.Area code is used to indicate enterprise information,the encrypted algorithm is designed because of the increasing code length,such coding algorithms as system conversion and section division are applied for the encrypted conversion of code of origin place and production date code,moreover,section identification code and authentication code are permutated and combined to produce check code.Through the multiple encryption and code length compression,34 digits are compressed to 20 on the basis of ensuring complete coding information,shorter code length and better encryption enable the public to know information about agricultural products without consulting professional database.

New chaotical image encryption algorithm based on Fisher–Yatess scrambling and DNA coding

Based on the Fisher–Yatess scrambling and DNA coding technology, a chaotical image encryption method is proposed. First, the SHA-3 algorithm is used to calculate the hash value of the initial password, which is used as the initial value of the chaotic system. Second, the chaotic sequence and Fisher–Yatess scrambling are used to scramble the plaintext,and a sorting scrambling algorithm is used for secondary scrambling. Then, the chaotic sequence and DNA coding rules are used to change the plaintext pixel values, which makes the ciphertext more random and resistant to attacks, and thus ensures that the encrypted ciphertext is more secure. Finally, we add plaintext statistics for pixel-level diffusion to ensure plaintext sensitivity. The experimental results and security analysis show that the new algorithm has a good encryption effect and speed, and can also resist common attacks.

Chaos-based encryption for fractal image coding

A chaos-based cryptosystem for fractal image coding is proposed. The Renyi chaotic map is employed to determine the order of processing the range blocks and to generate the keystream for masking the encoded sequence. Compared with the standard approach of fraetal image coding followed by the Advanced Encryption Standard, our scheme offers a higher sensitivity to both plaintext and ciphertext at a comparable operating efficiency. The keystream generated by the Renyi chaotic map passes the randomness tests set by the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, and so the proposed scheme is sensitive to the key.

Repeater jamming suppression method for pulse Doppler fuze based on identity recognition and chaotic encryption

Pulse Doppler(PD) fuze is widely used in current battlefield. However, with the threat of repeater jamming, especially digital radio frequency memory technology, the deficiency in the anti-repeater jamming of a traditional PD fuze increasingly emerges. Therefore, a repeater jamming suppression method for a PD fuze based on identity(ID) recognition and chaotic encryption is proposed. Every fuze has its own ID which is encrypted with different chaotic binary sequences in every pulse period of the transmitted signal. The thumbtack-shaped ambiguity function shows a good resolution and distance cutoff characteristic. The ability of anti-repeater jamming is emphatically analyzed, and the results at different signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) show a strong anti-repeater jamming ability and range resolution that the proposed method possesses. Furthermore, the anti-repeater jamming ability is influenced by processing gain, bit error rate(BER) and correlation function. The simulation result validates the theoretical analysis, it shows the proposed method can significantly improve the anti-repeater jamming ability of a PD fuze.

A Joint Encryption and Error Correction Method Used in Satellite Communications

Due to the ubiquitous open air links and complex electromagnetic environment in the satellite communications,how to ensure the security and reliability of the information through the satellite communications is an urgent problem.This paper combines the AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) with LDPC(Low Density Parity Check Code) to design a secure and reliable error correction method — SEEC(Satellite Encryption and Error Correction).This method selects the LDPC codes,which is suitable for satellite communications,and uses the AES round key to control the encoding process,at the same time,proposes a new algorithm of round key generation.Based on a fairly good property in error correction in satellite communications,the method improves the security of the system,achieves a shorter key size,and then makes the key management easier.Eventually,the method shows a great error correction capability and encryption effect by the MATLAB simulation.

Maximum two-dimensional (u×v,4,1,3)-OOCs

Let Ф（u ×v, k, Aa, Ac） be the largest possible number of codewords among all two- dimensional （u ×v, k, λa, λc） optical orthogonal codes. A 2-D （u× v, k, λa, λ）-OOC with Ф（u× v, k, λa, λc） codewords is said to be maximum. In this paper, the number of codewords of a maximum 2-D （u × v, 4, 1, 3）-OOC has been determined.

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Security Improvement with Encrypted Spreading Codes in a Partial Band Noise Jamming Environment

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system is often deployed to protect wireless communication from jamming or to preclude undesired reception of the signal. Such themes can only be achieved if the jammer or undesired receiver does not have the knowledge of the spreading code. For this reason, unencrypted M-sequences are a deficient choice for the spreading code when a high level of security is required. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze vulnerability of linear feedback shift register (LFSRs) codes. Then, a new method based on encryption algorithm applied over spreading codes, named hidden frequency hopping is proposed to improve the security of FHSS. The proposed encryption security algorithm is highly reliable, and can be applied to all existing data communication systems based on spread spectrum techniques. Since the multi-user detection is an inherent characteristic for FHSS, the multi-user interference must be studied carefully. Hence, a new method called optimum pair “key-input” selection is proposed which reduces interference below the desired constant threshold.

Efficient Watermarking Scheme for Traitor Tracing Encryption Schemes

In the content distribution services,traitor tracing encryption schemes are useful tools to trace illegal users that distribute content illegally to unauthorized users.However,solo use of these schemes does not necessarily work well and has vulnerability.To complement the property of the traitor tracing schemes,it is effective to use watermarking scheme with them and the watermarking schemes with light load are required.A number of video watermarking methods with light load have been proposed that embed information into compressed video streams.When the compression scheme is MPEG2-Video,its codes are mostly pre-defined using coding tables,and therefore,information can be embedded in the compressed stream by substituting some of the codes.On the other hand,HEVC/H.265 uses arithmetic coding(CABAC)and it is not easy to substitute one code for another in a stream.To deal with this problem,a watermarking scheme for HEVC/H.265 video streams is proposed.It embeds information while the video is being encoded.A broadcasting system incorporating the scheme is also proposed.

Research on the File Encryption and Programming based on Matrix Transformation

Any linear transform matrix can be used to easily calculate a consistent form, and a plurality of conversion can be easily connected together by matrix multiplication. When performing file transfers, you can encrypt files matrix transformation. Article presents a matrix-based electronic document encryption and decryption algorithm, which relies on a special class of matrices combinatorial problems, the method to improve the security of electronic document system is feasible and effective, and finally give the source code and programming software.

基于混沌理论与DNA动态编码的卫星图像加密算法

针对卫星图像在传输、存储过程中涉及的信息安全问题,该文提出一种新型的基于混沌理论与DNA动态编码的卫星图像加密算法。首先,提出一种改进型无限折叠混沌映射,拓宽了原有无限折叠混沌映射的混沌区间。之后,结合改进型Chebyshev混沌映射与SHA-256哈希算法,生成加密算法的密钥流,提升算法的明文敏感性。然后,利用混沌系统的状态值对Hilbert局部置乱后的像素进行DNA编码,实现DNA动态编码,解决了DNA编码规则较少所带来的容易受到暴力攻击的弱点。最后,使用混沌序列完成进一步混沌加密,从而彻底混淆原始像素信息,增加加密算法的随机性与复杂性,得到密文图像。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的加密效果和应对各种攻击的能力。

考虑信息泄露影响的光纤传感网络传输数据安全导入方法

为了提高对光纤传感网络传输数据安全传输能力,提出基于信息泄漏加密传输的光纤传感网络传输数据安全导入方法。采用离散混沌时间序列同步调制方法实现对光纤传感网络传输数据导入过程中调制编码处理,根据混沌随机编码特性实现对光纤传感网络传输数据过程中的同步输出稳定性调节和自主随机编码,构建光纤传感网络信息传输泄漏抑制的加密密钥,通过Logistics映射实现对光纤传感网络传输数据导入过程中的信息泄漏加密重传,根据光纤传感网络传输数据的混合敏感密钥表征和算术编码,实现信息泄漏控制和数据安全导入。实验结果表明,采用该方法进行光纤传感网络传输数据导入的加密性能较好,其光纤传感网络传输数据已加密比特序列的识别率为98%,误码率仅为2.7∗10-9%,抗泄漏能力达到了0.970,并且导入后的数据完整度达到了0.996,说明该方法具备了较强的加密效果、抗泄漏能力,实现数据的安全导入和加密传输。

基于联合置乱的高维超混沌图像加密算法

针对图像信息在传输过程中面临着被非法窃取、篡改等威胁的问题,提出了一种基于Arnold变换和DNA混合编码联合置乱的高维超混沌图像加密算法。首先,通过一种八维六次高维超混沌系统产生多个混沌伪随机系列,并经整数化处理,得到多个混沌伪随机整数系列和一个混沌矩阵;然后,采用这些混沌伪随机整数系列动态选取DNA混合编码规则和运算规则,对混沌矩阵和经Arnold变换后的原始图像矩阵进行DNA动态编码、运算和解码,从而实现图像加密;最后,将该算法应用于图像加密,通过计算机仿真进行了加密性能分析。结果表明:所提出的加密算法具有优异的性能,可为图像加密提供可行的选项。

基于长度可变密钥的光学图像加密方法

为提升光学图像加密效果,设计了一种基于长度可变密钥的光学图像加密方法。基于混沌方程构成混沌序列均匀化普适算法,运用该算法生成均匀化伪随机序列,以此作为长度可变密钥,经空间光调制器调制后,转换此类密钥为伪随机相位掩模(PRPM),运用两个转换后PRPM双重随机相位编码初始光学图像,并结合变形分数傅里叶变换(AFrFT),相位转换编码后光学图像,获得加密光学图像,完成光学图像加密。实验结果显示,该方法可针对不同光学图像生成敏感性与唯一性密钥,实现不同光学图像的加密处理,加密效果显著,加密光学图像的像素频数分布均匀,且解密后光学图像与初始光学图像几乎一致,整体加解密效果理想,可有效保障光学图像的安全性,而且本方法可以在最短3 s的时间内完成光学图像的加密和解密,加解密效率更高,综合效果更佳。

HEVC视频加密技术综述

针对视频数据在传输和存储过程中存在被非法获取和恶意破坏的问题,从高效视频编码(HEVC)标准和加密技术出发,对HEVC视频编码标准下的加密技术进行综述。回顾了视频编码技术的发展历程,介绍了HEVC视频编码标准,讨论了视频加密技术常见攻击方法及性能评估指标,全面梳理与详细分析了不同视频加密技术性能及其优缺点,展望了视频加密技术的发展趋势,旨在为视频加密技术的研究和应用提供参考。

基于两种置乱方式的混合混沌图像加密算法

针对单一混沌系统产生的各伪随机序列之间存在关联性和单一置乱方法置乱效果不佳等问题,提出了一种DNA编码和Zigzag变换两种置乱方式相结合的混合混沌图像加密算法。通过离散的Logistic混沌映射和连续Chen超混沌系统生成混合的混沌伪随机序列,并结合DNA编码和Zigzag两种方法进行联合置乱和扩散,从而实现了混沌图像加密。由于该算法采用Zigzag和DNA编码两种方法进行联合置乱,并采用混合混沌伪随机序列对DNA编码规则和运算规则进行动态选取和控制,增强了置乱和扩散效果,可有效提升图像加密强度。通过仿真验证,并与其他文献进行对比,验证了所提算法的优良性能。