To obtain carbon dioxide （CO2） flux between water-air interface of Taihu lake, monthly water samplers at 14 sites and the local meteorological data of the lake were collected and analyzed in 1998. Carbon dioxide par...To obtain carbon dioxide （CO2） flux between water-air interface of Taihu lake, monthly water samplers at 14 sites and the local meteorological data of the lake were collected and analyzed in 1998. Carbon dioxide partial pressures （pCO2） at air-water interface in the lake were calculated using alkalinity, pH, ionic strength, active coefficient, and water temperature. The carbon fluxes at different sublakes and areas were estimated by concentration gradient between water and air in consideration of Schmidt numbers of 600 and daily mean windspeed at 10 m above water surface. The results indicated that the mean values of pCO2 in Wuli Lake,Meiliang Bay, hydrophyte area, west littoral zone, riverine mouths, and the open lake areas were 1 807.8±1 071.4（mean±standard deviation）μatm （latm=1.013 25×10^5pa）, 416.3±217.0μatm, 576.5±758.8μatm, 304.2±9.43.5μatm, 1 933.6±1 144.7 μatm, and 448.5±202.6μatm, respectively. Maximum and minimum pCO2 values were found in the hypertrophic （4 053.7μatm） and the eutrophic （3.2 μatm） areas. The riverine mouth areas have the maximum fluxes （82.0±62.8 mmol/m^2a）. But there was no significant difference between eutrophic and mesotrophic areas in pCO2 and the flux of CO2. The hydrophyte area, however, has the minimum （--0.58±12.9mmol/m^2a）. In respect to CO2 equilibrium, input of the rivers will obviously influence inorganic carbon distribution in the riverine estuary. For example, the annual mean CO2 flux in Zhihugang River estuary was 19 times of that in Meiliang Bay, although the former is only a part of the latter. The sites in the body of the lake show a clear seasonal cycle with pCO2 higher than atmospheric equilibrium in winter, and much lower than atmospheric in summer due to CO2 consumption by photosynthesis. The CO2 amount of the net annual evasion that enters the atmosphere is 28.42×10^4 t/a, of which those from the west littoral zone and the open lake account for 53.8% and 36.7%, respectively.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide(PETCO2) has been used to monitor the effectiveness of precordial compression(PC) and regarded as a prognostic value of outcomes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation...BACKGROUND: Partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide(PETCO2) has been used to monitor the effectiveness of precordial compression(PC) and regarded as a prognostic value of outcomes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). This study was to investigate changes of PETCO2 during CPR in rats with ventricular fi brillation(VF) versus asphyxial cardiac arrest.METHODS: Sixty-two male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into an asphyxial group(n=32) and a VF group(n=30). PETCO2 was measured during CPR from a 6-minute period of VF or asphyxial cardiac arrest.RESULTS: The initial values of PETCO2 immediately after PC in the VF group were signifi cantly lower than those in the asphyxial group(12.8±4.87 mmHg vs. 49.2±8.13 mmHg, P=0.000). In the VF group, the values of PETCO2 after 6 minutes of PC were significantly higher in rats with return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), compared with those in rats without ROSC(16.5±3.07 mmHg vs. 13.2±2.62 mmHg, P=0.004). In the asphyxial group, the values of PETCO2 after 2 minutes of PC in rats with ROSC were signifi cantly higher than those in rats without ROSC(20.8±3.24 mmHg vs. 13.9±1.50 mmHg, P=0.000). Receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curves of PETCO2 showed signifi cant sensitivity and specifi city for predicting ROSC in VF versus asphyxial cardiac arrest.CONCLUSIONS: The initial values of PETCO2 immediately after CPR may be helpful in differentiating the causes of cardiac arrest. Changes of PETCO2 during CPR can predict outcomes of CPR.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nonadrenergic agents on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and end-tidal CO2(ETCO2)during CPR in a rodent model. Our results suggested that: 1) coronary perf...The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nonadrenergic agents on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and end-tidal CO2(ETCO2)during CPR in a rodent model. Our results suggested that: 1) coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) after drugs infusion was increased significantly by methoxamine, arginine vasopresin (AVP) and angiotension- Ⅱ(ANG- Ⅱ), but not by endothelin-1 (ET-1): 2) ETCO2 prior to defibrillation was decreased significantly by a pure a1 adrenergic agents,methoxamine and were increased significantly by non-adrenergic agents, ANG-Ⅱ and ET-1 during rodent CPR;3) a significant positive correlation between ETCO2 and CPP was observed in AVP group, suggesting that AVP have little effect on pulmonary circulation; and 4) methoxamine, AVP and ANG-Ⅱ have similar effect on resuscitability during rodent CPR.展开更多
Background: We investigated the differences between partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide and end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(a-ET)CO2) with respect to the Broca-Katsura index (BKI), which is an obesity index, in ob...Background: We investigated the differences between partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide and end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(a-ET)CO2) with respect to the Broca-Katsura index (BKI), which is an obesity index, in obese patients during general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: From January 2003 to December 2013, we studied 601 patients aged 16 years old or over undergoing general anesthesia. Patients had American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I and II and we reviewed their anesthetic charts. The P(a-ET)CO2 with respect to the BKI divided patients into two groups: 16 to 2 values between the two groups. Results: In patients aged 16 to 2 was 2.2 ± 3.1 mmHg at BKI 2 was 3.2 ± 4.1 mmHg at BKI 2 tends to increase in obese patients during general anesthesia with increasing BKI in patients aged 16 to < 65 years old.展开更多
As sessile organisms,plants are subject to a multitude of environmental variations including several which directly affect their interaction with the atmosphere.Given the indiscriminant nature of Rubisco,the relative ...As sessile organisms,plants are subject to a multitude of environmental variations including several which directly affect their interaction with the atmosphere.Given the indiscriminant nature of Rubisco,the relative rates of photosynthesis and photorespiration are known to be responsive to changes in gas composition.However,comprehensive profiling methods have not yet been applied in order to characterize the wider consequences of these changes on primary metabolism in general.Moreover,although transcriptional profiling has revealed that a subset of photorespiratory enzymes are co-expressed,whether transcriptional responses play a role in short-term responses to atmospheric compositional changes remains unknown.To address these questions,plants Arabidopsis thaliana（Arabidopsis） ecotype Columbia（Col-O） grown under normal air conditions were transferred to different CO_2 and O_2 concentrations and characterized at the physiological,molecular,and metabolic levels following this transition.The results reveal alterations in the components,which are directly involved in,or supporting,photorespiration,including transcripts and metabolite levels.The results further highlight that the majority of the regulation of these pathways is not mediated at the level of transcription and that the photorespiratory pathway is essential also in conditions in which flux through the pathway is minimized,yet suggest that flux through this pathway is not mediated at the level of transcription.展开更多
The sediment core DGKS9603 collected from the Okinawa Trough was used as research target. By use of unsaturated index U37^k of long-chain alkenone, δ^13C of POC and of planktonic foraminifera (G sacculifer), the evol...The sediment core DGKS9603 collected from the Okinawa Trough was used as research target. By use of unsaturated index U37^k of long-chain alkenone, δ^13C of POC and of planktonic foraminifera (G sacculifer), the evolutions of sea surface temperature and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the Holocene were reconstructed in the Okinawa Trough. And in combination of δ^18O of planktonic foraminifera, the relative difference of sea surface salinity during the Holocene was also reconstructed.Consequently, three cooling events (E1-E3) were identified,each of which occurred at 1.7-1.6, 5.1-4.8 and 8.1-7.4kaBP (cal), respectively. Of the three events, E2 and E3 are globally comparable, their occurrence mechanism would be that the main stream of the Kuroshio Current shifted eastward due to the enhanced circulation of the northeastern Pacific Ocean, which was driven in turn by amplified intensity of sunshine and subsequent enhancement of subtropical high pressure; E1 corresponds to the Small Ice-Age Event occurring between 1550 and 1850AD in China. In the Okinawa Trough, E1 might be also related to the eastward shift of main stream of the Kuroshio current driven by powerful Asia winter monsoon.展开更多
目的:探讨无创呼吸机对慢阻肺急性发作期(Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者临床症状及二氧化碳分压(Partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PaCO_(2))的影响。方法:选取2021年1月至2023年12月本...目的:探讨无创呼吸机对慢阻肺急性发作期(Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者临床症状及二氧化碳分压(Partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PaCO_(2))的影响。方法:选取2021年1月至2023年12月本院收治的60例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,按照治疗方式分为观察组和对照组,各30例。对照组有创采用呼吸机治疗,观察组采用无创呼吸机治疗。比较两组治疗疗效。采用改良版英国医院研究委员会呼吸困难量表(Modified medical British research council,mMRC)和急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价II(Acute physiology and chronic health e-valuationⅡ,APACHEII)评分比较两组患者临床症状和健康状况。比较两组患者治疗前后血气指标[动脉血氧分压(Partial pressure of oxygen in artery,PaO_(2))、PaCO_(2)]和炎症因子[白介素-8(Interleukine-8,IL-8)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(Matrix metalloprotein-9,MMP-9)]。比较两组并发症发生率。结果:两组治疗有效率无明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组PaO_(2)明显高于对照组,而mMRC、APACHEII评分、PaCO_(2)、IL-8和MMP-9水平、并发症发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:无创呼吸机治疗AECOPD患者与有创呼吸机具有同样的疗效,但是其能更好的恢复血气指标,降低炎症反应,改善临床症状和健康状况,且并发症少。展开更多
Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studi...Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago.The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm,which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world.The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m-2 d-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m-2 d-1.Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 104 km2,it emitted(5.9 ± 4.0) × 103 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day.The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX1-SW-01-15) and (KZCX1- SW-12)
文摘To obtain carbon dioxide （CO2） flux between water-air interface of Taihu lake, monthly water samplers at 14 sites and the local meteorological data of the lake were collected and analyzed in 1998. Carbon dioxide partial pressures （pCO2） at air-water interface in the lake were calculated using alkalinity, pH, ionic strength, active coefficient, and water temperature. The carbon fluxes at different sublakes and areas were estimated by concentration gradient between water and air in consideration of Schmidt numbers of 600 and daily mean windspeed at 10 m above water surface. The results indicated that the mean values of pCO2 in Wuli Lake,Meiliang Bay, hydrophyte area, west littoral zone, riverine mouths, and the open lake areas were 1 807.8±1 071.4（mean±standard deviation）μatm （latm=1.013 25×10^5pa）, 416.3±217.0μatm, 576.5±758.8μatm, 304.2±9.43.5μatm, 1 933.6±1 144.7 μatm, and 448.5±202.6μatm, respectively. Maximum and minimum pCO2 values were found in the hypertrophic （4 053.7μatm） and the eutrophic （3.2 μatm） areas. The riverine mouth areas have the maximum fluxes （82.0±62.8 mmol/m^2a）. But there was no significant difference between eutrophic and mesotrophic areas in pCO2 and the flux of CO2. The hydrophyte area, however, has the minimum （--0.58±12.9mmol/m^2a）. In respect to CO2 equilibrium, input of the rivers will obviously influence inorganic carbon distribution in the riverine estuary. For example, the annual mean CO2 flux in Zhihugang River estuary was 19 times of that in Meiliang Bay, although the former is only a part of the latter. The sites in the body of the lake show a clear seasonal cycle with pCO2 higher than atmospheric equilibrium in winter, and much lower than atmospheric in summer due to CO2 consumption by photosynthesis. The CO2 amount of the net annual evasion that enters the atmosphere is 28.42×10^4 t/a, of which those from the west littoral zone and the open lake account for 53.8% and 36.7%, respectively.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30700303)the National Clinical Key Subject Construction Project
文摘BACKGROUND: Partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide(PETCO2) has been used to monitor the effectiveness of precordial compression(PC) and regarded as a prognostic value of outcomes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). This study was to investigate changes of PETCO2 during CPR in rats with ventricular fi brillation(VF) versus asphyxial cardiac arrest.METHODS: Sixty-two male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into an asphyxial group(n=32) and a VF group(n=30). PETCO2 was measured during CPR from a 6-minute period of VF or asphyxial cardiac arrest.RESULTS: The initial values of PETCO2 immediately after PC in the VF group were signifi cantly lower than those in the asphyxial group(12.8±4.87 mmHg vs. 49.2±8.13 mmHg, P=0.000). In the VF group, the values of PETCO2 after 6 minutes of PC were significantly higher in rats with return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), compared with those in rats without ROSC(16.5±3.07 mmHg vs. 13.2±2.62 mmHg, P=0.004). In the asphyxial group, the values of PETCO2 after 2 minutes of PC in rats with ROSC were signifi cantly higher than those in rats without ROSC(20.8±3.24 mmHg vs. 13.9±1.50 mmHg, P=0.000). Receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curves of PETCO2 showed signifi cant sensitivity and specifi city for predicting ROSC in VF versus asphyxial cardiac arrest.CONCLUSIONS: The initial values of PETCO2 immediately after CPR may be helpful in differentiating the causes of cardiac arrest. Changes of PETCO2 during CPR can predict outcomes of CPR.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nonadrenergic agents on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and end-tidal CO2(ETCO2)during CPR in a rodent model. Our results suggested that: 1) coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) after drugs infusion was increased significantly by methoxamine, arginine vasopresin (AVP) and angiotension- Ⅱ(ANG- Ⅱ), but not by endothelin-1 (ET-1): 2) ETCO2 prior to defibrillation was decreased significantly by a pure a1 adrenergic agents,methoxamine and were increased significantly by non-adrenergic agents, ANG-Ⅱ and ET-1 during rodent CPR;3) a significant positive correlation between ETCO2 and CPP was observed in AVP group, suggesting that AVP have little effect on pulmonary circulation; and 4) methoxamine, AVP and ANG-Ⅱ have similar effect on resuscitability during rodent CPR.
文摘Background: We investigated the differences between partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide and end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(a-ET)CO2) with respect to the Broca-Katsura index (BKI), which is an obesity index, in obese patients during general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: From January 2003 to December 2013, we studied 601 patients aged 16 years old or over undergoing general anesthesia. Patients had American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I and II and we reviewed their anesthetic charts. The P(a-ET)CO2 with respect to the BKI divided patients into two groups: 16 to 2 values between the two groups. Results: In patients aged 16 to 2 was 2.2 ± 3.1 mmHg at BKI 2 was 3.2 ± 4.1 mmHg at BKI 2 tends to increase in obese patients during general anesthesia with increasing BKI in patients aged 16 to < 65 years old.
基金supported by funding from the Max Planck 682 Society(W.L.A.,Z.N.,T.T.,and A.R.F.)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft as part of PROMICS research group 1186(A.F.,S.T.,H.B.,and A.R.F.)
文摘As sessile organisms,plants are subject to a multitude of environmental variations including several which directly affect their interaction with the atmosphere.Given the indiscriminant nature of Rubisco,the relative rates of photosynthesis and photorespiration are known to be responsive to changes in gas composition.However,comprehensive profiling methods have not yet been applied in order to characterize the wider consequences of these changes on primary metabolism in general.Moreover,although transcriptional profiling has revealed that a subset of photorespiratory enzymes are co-expressed,whether transcriptional responses play a role in short-term responses to atmospheric compositional changes remains unknown.To address these questions,plants Arabidopsis thaliana（Arabidopsis） ecotype Columbia（Col-O） grown under normal air conditions were transferred to different CO_2 and O_2 concentrations and characterized at the physiological,molecular,and metabolic levels following this transition.The results reveal alterations in the components,which are directly involved in,or supporting,photorespiration,including transcripts and metabolite levels.The results further highlight that the majority of the regulation of these pathways is not mediated at the level of transcription and that the photorespiratory pathway is essential also in conditions in which flux through the pathway is minimized,yet suggest that flux through this pathway is not mediated at the level of transcription.
文摘The sediment core DGKS9603 collected from the Okinawa Trough was used as research target. By use of unsaturated index U37^k of long-chain alkenone, δ^13C of POC and of planktonic foraminifera (G sacculifer), the evolutions of sea surface temperature and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the Holocene were reconstructed in the Okinawa Trough. And in combination of δ^18O of planktonic foraminifera, the relative difference of sea surface salinity during the Holocene was also reconstructed.Consequently, three cooling events (E1-E3) were identified,each of which occurred at 1.7-1.6, 5.1-4.8 and 8.1-7.4kaBP (cal), respectively. Of the three events, E2 and E3 are globally comparable, their occurrence mechanism would be that the main stream of the Kuroshio Current shifted eastward due to the enhanced circulation of the northeastern Pacific Ocean, which was driven in turn by amplified intensity of sunshine and subsequent enhancement of subtropical high pressure; E1 corresponds to the Small Ice-Age Event occurring between 1550 and 1850AD in China. In the Okinawa Trough, E1 might be also related to the eastward shift of main stream of the Kuroshio current driven by powerful Asia winter monsoon.
文摘目的:探讨无创呼吸机对慢阻肺急性发作期(Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者临床症状及二氧化碳分压(Partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PaCO_(2))的影响。方法:选取2021年1月至2023年12月本院收治的60例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,按照治疗方式分为观察组和对照组,各30例。对照组有创采用呼吸机治疗,观察组采用无创呼吸机治疗。比较两组治疗疗效。采用改良版英国医院研究委员会呼吸困难量表(Modified medical British research council,mMRC)和急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价II(Acute physiology and chronic health e-valuationⅡ,APACHEII)评分比较两组患者临床症状和健康状况。比较两组患者治疗前后血气指标[动脉血氧分压(Partial pressure of oxygen in artery,PaO_(2))、PaCO_(2)]和炎症因子[白介素-8(Interleukine-8,IL-8)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(Matrix metalloprotein-9,MMP-9)]。比较两组并发症发生率。结果:两组治疗有效率无明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组PaO_(2)明显高于对照组,而mMRC、APACHEII评分、PaCO_(2)、IL-8和MMP-9水平、并发症发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:无创呼吸机治疗AECOPD患者与有创呼吸机具有同样的疗效,但是其能更好的恢复血气指标,降低炎症反应,改善临床症状和健康状况,且并发症少。
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2005CB407305)the open foundation of the Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology & Environmental Geology, SOA (No. MASEG200606)+1 种基金the Qingdao Special Program for Leading Scientists (No. 05-2-JC-90)the 100-Talent Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago.The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm,which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world.The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m-2 d-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m-2 d-1.Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 104 km2,it emitted(5.9 ± 4.0) × 103 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day.The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.
