THE ENDOCRINE CELLS OF EXTRATUMORAL MUCOSA IN RELATION TO THE CARCINOMA IN STOMACH

One hundred and sixty-one surgically resected gastric carcinomas and 5 stomachs obtained at necropsy were evaluated using anti chromogranin A (CgA). CgA-Positive cells were found in 55 of 161 gastric carcinoma. Endocrine cells (EC) of the 55 cases of rumors and extratumoral mucosa and 5 normal gastric mucosa were distinguished by immunoreastive gastrin (CAST), somatostatin (SS), serotonin (SERO), calcitonin (CT), ACTH, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) , glucagon (GLU) , pancreatic polypeptide (PP), bombesin (BOM). Each type EC in extratumoral mucosa was quantitated by Image analyser. TWO variants of changes of EC were identified on the basis of presence or absence of associated antral atrophy. In the group of antral atrophy, amount of G cells decreases than normal control (58. 7mm2, P<0. 001); D cells and BOM-positive cell also decrease; GLU-positive cells distributing in glands of intestinal metaplasia increase (18. 6/mm2, P<0. 001) in antral mucosa. There is not obvious change in the average thickness of fundic mucosa (1. 42mm, P>0. 05). Intestinal type carcinoma was more found in this group. G cell hyperplasia was observed in nontrophic antral extratumorel mucosa (211/mm2, P< 0. 001). G cell and D cell is in a ratio of about 14 to 1, however It is about 7. 6 to 1 in normal gastric antrum. BOM-positive cells are hyperplasia. The average thickness of fundic mucosa was found to be increased (1. 92mm, P<0.05). Diffuse type carcinoma was more found in this group. PP, ACTH, HCG-positive cells were discovered in the two groups. It suggests that endocrine substances may act as promoters of tumor growth and that different kinds of hormones may play a effect on different type of gastric carcinoma.

STUDY ON PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF ENDOCRINE CELLS IN GASTRIC CARCINOMA

Endocrine cell(EC) in 11 cases picked up from 56 cases of gastric carcinoma were observed by double immunohistochemical method using chromogramnin A(CgA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA).The endocrine cells were recognized by a antibody to CgA and the proliferative activity by a monoclonal antibody to PCNA.11 cases CgA positive GC cells with PCNA incorporation was in 51/4069(0-3%) with an average 1.25%.By contrast PCNA reaction was positive in 31.9±14.7% of CgA negative GC cells.It suggests that there were a few cell in S and G1 phase and most of them in G0 phase.

Immunocytochemical Localization of Glucagon and Insulin Cells in Eutropis carinata with Respect to Reproductive Cycle

The pancreas of Eutropis carinata was studied immunocytochemically for the presence and topographic distribution of glucagon and insulin cells during annual reproductive cycles. The study revealed paracrine arrangement of the two types of ceils. The immunolocalized pancreatic cells revealed significant differences in mean numbers during different periods of reproduction. The numbers of glucagon-immunoreactive （GIR） and insulin-immunoreactive （IIR） cells were highest during the recrudesceut period which corresponded with low serum glucose level. Between the two immunoreactive cells, the GIR cells were predominant. Morphological differences between the two cells were observed by electron microscopy after staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Serum glucose showed that cyclic change was highest during the reproductive period.

Effects of bisphenol compounds on the growth and epithelial mesenchymal transition of MCF-7 CV human breast cancer cells

Bisphenol-A（BPA） has been considered as an endocrine disrupting chemical（EDC） because it can exert estrogenic properties.For bisphenol-S（BPS） and bisphenol-F（BPF） that are BPA analogs and substitutes,their risk to estrogendependent cancer has been reported rarely compared with the numerous cases of BPA.In this study,we examined whether BPA,BPS,and BPF can lead to the proliferation,migration,and epithelial mesenchymal transition（EMT） of MCF-7 clonal variant（MCF-7 CV） breast cancer cells expressing estrogen receptors（ERs）.In a cell viability assay,BPA,BPS,and BPF significantly increased proliferation of MCF-7 CV cells compared to control（DMSO） as did17β-estradiol（E2）.In Western blotting assay,BPA,BPS,and BPF enhanced the protein expression of cell cycle progression genes such as cyclin D1 and E1.In addition,MCF-7 CV cells lost cell to cell contacts and acquired fibroblast-like morphology by the treatment of BPA,BPS,or BPF for 24 hours.In cell migration assay,BPA,BPS,and BPF accelerated the migration capability of MCF-7 CV cells as did E2.In relation with the EMT process,BPA,BPS,and BPF increased the protein expression of N-cadherin,while they decreased the protein expression of Ecadherin.When BPA,BPS,and BPF were co-treated with ICI 182,780,an ER antagonist,proliferation effects were reversed,the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 was downregulated,and the altered cell migration and expression of N-cadherin and E-cadherin by BPA,BPS,and BPF were restored to the control level.Thus,these results imply that BPS and BPF also have the risk of breast cancer progression as much as BPA in the induction of proliferation and migration of MCF-7 CV cells by regulating the protein expression of cell cycle-related genes and EMT markers via the ER-dependent pathway.

Review:Recent advances in the artificial endocrine system

The artificial endocrine system (AES) is a new branch of natural computing which uses ideas and takes inspiration from the information processing mechanisms contained in the mammalian endocrine system. It is a fast growing research field in which a variety of new theoretical models and technical methods have been studied for dealing with complex and significant problems. An overview of some recent advances in AES modeling and its applications is provided in this paper, based on the major and latest works. This review covers theoretical modeling, combinations of algorithms, and typical application fields. A number of challenges that can be undertaken to help move the field forward are discussed according to the current state of the AES approach.

Adult Onset Retinoblastoma： A Case Report

INTRODUCTION Retinoblastoma usually presents in children younger than 5 years.Adult retinoblastoma is rare,and diagnosis is usually made at a fairly advanced stage.We report a case with whitish,elevated,vascularized retinal mass and vitreous seeding diagnosed as undifferentiated retinoblastoma.