BACKGROUND Endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs),which arise primarily in children and adolescents,account for 20%of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors,but constitute only 1%of all ovarian malignancies.Treatment of ESTs consi...BACKGROUND Endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs),which arise primarily in children and adolescents,account for 20%of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors,but constitute only 1%of all ovarian malignancies.Treatment of ESTs consists of surgical staging with fertility-sparing surgery and chemotherapy.CASE SUMMARY A 15-year-old nulliparous patient was diagnosed with disseminated ovarian ESTs after laparoscopic unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy using uncontained power morcellation for treatment of a ruptured solid adnexal mass in another hospital.Exploratory laparotomy;total abdominal hysterectomy,right salpingooophorectomy,and lymphadenectomy were performed with optimal debulking,and surgical stage 3C was assigned to the patient.CONCLUSION In 2014,the Food and Drug Administration noted that power morcellation was probably associated with a risk of disseminating suspected cancerous tissue.Furthermore,the use of power morcellation to remove solid adnexal mass is considered a contraindication because of the potential for a malignant tumor.This case report aims to warn of the dangers of using uncontained power morcellation to treat solid adnexal masses.展开更多
Recent advances in development of protocols for directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs)to defined lineages,in combination with 3D organoid technology,have facilitated the generation of variou...Recent advances in development of protocols for directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs)to defined lineages,in combination with 3D organoid technology,have facilitated the generation of various endoderm-derived organoids for in vitro modeling of human gastrointestinal development and associated diseases.In this review,we discuss current state-ofthe-art strategies for generating hPSC-derived endodermal organoids including stomach,liver,pancreatic,small intestine,and colonic organoids.We also review the advantages of using this system to model various human diseases and evaluate the shortcomings of this technology.Finally,we emphasize how other technologies,such as genome editing and bioengineering,can be incorporated into the 3D hPSC-organoid models to generate even more robust and powerful platforms for understanding human organ development and disease modeling.展开更多
Located near the oropharynx, the tonsils are the primary mucosal immune organ. Tonsil tissue is a promising alternative source for the high-yield isolation of adult stem cells, and recent studies have reported the ide...Located near the oropharynx, the tonsils are the primary mucosal immune organ. Tonsil tissue is a promising alternative source for the high-yield isolation of adult stem cells, and recent studies have reported the identification and isolation of tonsil-derived stem cells (T-SCs) from waste surgical tissue following tonsillectomies in relatively young donors (i.e., under 10 years old). As such, TSCs offer several advantages, including superior proliferation and a shorter doubling time compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). T-SCs also exhibit multi-lineage differentiation, including mesodermal, endodermal (e.g., hepatocytes and parathyroid-like cells), and even ectodermal cells (e.g., Schwann cells). To this end, numbers of researchers have evaluated the practical use of T-SCs as an alternative source of autologous or allogenic MSCs. In this review, we summarize the details of T-SC isolation and identification and provide an overview of their application in cell therapy and regenerative medicine.展开更多
Self-organized blastoids from extended pluripotent stem(EPs)cells possess enormous potential for investigating postimplantation embryo development and related diseases.However,the limited ability of postimplantation d...Self-organized blastoids from extended pluripotent stem(EPs)cells possess enormous potential for investigating postimplantation embryo development and related diseases.However,the limited ability of postimplantation development of Eps-blastoids hinders its further application.In this study,single-cell transcriptomic analysis indicated that the“trophectoderm(TE)-like structure”of EPSblastoids was primarily composed of primitive endoderm(PrE)-related cells instead of TE-related cells.We further identified PrE-like cells in EPS cell culture that contribute to the blastoid formation with TE-like structure.Inhibition of PrE cell differentiation by inhibiting MEK signaling or knockout of Gata6 in EPS cells markedly suppressed EPS-blastoid formation.Furthermore,we demonstrated that blastocyst-like structures reconstituted by combining the EPs-derived bilineage embryo-like structure(BLEs)with either tetraploid embryos or tetraploid TE cells could implant normally and develop into live fetuses.In summary,our study reveals that TE improvement is critical for constructing a functional embryo using stem cells in vitro.展开更多
Liver is one of the largest internal organs in the body and its importance for metabolism, detoxification and homeostasis has been well established. In this review, we summarized recent progresses in studying liver in...Liver is one of the largest internal organs in the body and its importance for metabolism, detoxification and homeostasis has been well established. In this review, we summarized recent progresses in studying liver initiation and development during embryogenesis using zebrafish as a model system. We mainly focused on topics related to the specification of hepatoblasts from endoderm, the formation and growth of liver bud, the differentiation of hepatocytes and bile duct cells from hepatoblasts, and finally the role of mesodermal signals in controlling liver development in zebrafish.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs),which arise primarily in children and adolescents,account for 20%of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors,but constitute only 1%of all ovarian malignancies.Treatment of ESTs consists of surgical staging with fertility-sparing surgery and chemotherapy.CASE SUMMARY A 15-year-old nulliparous patient was diagnosed with disseminated ovarian ESTs after laparoscopic unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy using uncontained power morcellation for treatment of a ruptured solid adnexal mass in another hospital.Exploratory laparotomy;total abdominal hysterectomy,right salpingooophorectomy,and lymphadenectomy were performed with optimal debulking,and surgical stage 3C was assigned to the patient.CONCLUSION In 2014,the Food and Drug Administration noted that power morcellation was probably associated with a risk of disseminating suspected cancerous tissue.Furthermore,the use of power morcellation to remove solid adnexal mass is considered a contraindication because of the potential for a malignant tumor.This case report aims to warn of the dangers of using uncontained power morcellation to treat solid adnexal masses.
文摘Recent advances in development of protocols for directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs)to defined lineages,in combination with 3D organoid technology,have facilitated the generation of various endoderm-derived organoids for in vitro modeling of human gastrointestinal development and associated diseases.In this review,we discuss current state-ofthe-art strategies for generating hPSC-derived endodermal organoids including stomach,liver,pancreatic,small intestine,and colonic organoids.We also review the advantages of using this system to model various human diseases and evaluate the shortcomings of this technology.Finally,we emphasize how other technologies,such as genome editing and bioengineering,can be incorporated into the 3D hPSC-organoid models to generate even more robust and powerful platforms for understanding human organ development and disease modeling.
基金Supported by the Korea Health Technology RD Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institutethe Ministry of Health and Welfare,No.HI16C-2207+1 种基金the Basic Science Research Program through the NRF,No.NRF-2018R1D1A1A09083264Ewha Womans University,No.RP-grant2017
文摘Located near the oropharynx, the tonsils are the primary mucosal immune organ. Tonsil tissue is a promising alternative source for the high-yield isolation of adult stem cells, and recent studies have reported the identification and isolation of tonsil-derived stem cells (T-SCs) from waste surgical tissue following tonsillectomies in relatively young donors (i.e., under 10 years old). As such, TSCs offer several advantages, including superior proliferation and a shorter doubling time compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). T-SCs also exhibit multi-lineage differentiation, including mesodermal, endodermal (e.g., hepatocytes and parathyroid-like cells), and even ectodermal cells (e.g., Schwann cells). To this end, numbers of researchers have evaluated the practical use of T-SCs as an alternative source of autologous or allogenic MSCs. In this review, we summarize the details of T-SC isolation and identification and provide an overview of their application in cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0112500 and 2021YFA1102900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31721003,81630035,82022027,31871448,32000418 and 31820103009)+2 种基金supported by the key project of the Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.19JC1415300 and 21JC1405500)the Shanghai municipal medical and health discipline construction projects(No.2017ZZ02015)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2021M692437 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Self-organized blastoids from extended pluripotent stem(EPs)cells possess enormous potential for investigating postimplantation embryo development and related diseases.However,the limited ability of postimplantation development of Eps-blastoids hinders its further application.In this study,single-cell transcriptomic analysis indicated that the“trophectoderm(TE)-like structure”of EPSblastoids was primarily composed of primitive endoderm(PrE)-related cells instead of TE-related cells.We further identified PrE-like cells in EPS cell culture that contribute to the blastoid formation with TE-like structure.Inhibition of PrE cell differentiation by inhibiting MEK signaling or knockout of Gata6 in EPS cells markedly suppressed EPS-blastoid formation.Furthermore,we demonstrated that blastocyst-like structures reconstituted by combining the EPs-derived bilineage embryo-like structure(BLEs)with either tetraploid embryos or tetraploid TE cells could implant normally and develop into live fetuses.In summary,our study reveals that TE improvement is critical for constructing a functional embryo using stem cells in vitro.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30825025)
文摘Liver is one of the largest internal organs in the body and its importance for metabolism, detoxification and homeostasis has been well established. In this review, we summarized recent progresses in studying liver initiation and development during embryogenesis using zebrafish as a model system. We mainly focused on topics related to the specification of hepatoblasts from endoderm, the formation and growth of liver bud, the differentiation of hepatocytes and bile duct cells from hepatoblasts, and finally the role of mesodermal signals in controlling liver development in zebrafish.