Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disease with endometrial cell implantation outside the uterus.Angiogenesis is a major pathophysiology in endometriosis.Our previous studies have demonstrated that the pr...Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disease with endometrial cell implantation outside the uterus.Angiogenesis is a major pathophysiology in endometriosis.Our previous studies have demonstrated that the prodrug of epigallocatechin gallate(ProEGCG)exhibits superior anti-endometriotic and anti-angiogenic effects compared to epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG).However,their direct binding targets and underlying mechanisms for the differential effects remain unknown.In this study,we demonstrated that oral ProEGCG can be effective in preventing and treating endometriosis.Additionally,1D and 2D Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration assay-based chemical proteomics identified metadherin(MTDH)and PX domain containing serine/threonine kinase-like(PXK)as novel binding targets of EGCG and ProEGCG,respectively.Computational simulation and BioLayer interferometry were used to confirm their binding affinity.Our results showed that MTDH-EGCG inhibited protein kinase B(Akt)-mediated angiogenesis,while PXK-ProEGCG inhibited epidermal growth factor(EGF)-mediated angiogenesis via the EGF/hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF-1a)/vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway.In vitro and in vivo knockdown assays and microvascular network imaging further confirmed the involvement of these signaling pathways.Moreover,our study demonstrated that ProEGCG has superior therapeutic effects than EGCG by targeting distinct signal transduction pathways and may act as a novel antiangiogenic therapy for endometriosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting a significant proportion of women of reproductive age.Although laparoscopic surgery is commonly the preferred treatment,the decision to preserve o...BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting a significant proportion of women of reproductive age.Although laparoscopic surgery is commonly the preferred treatment,the decision to preserve or remove the ovaries remains controversial.Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the impact of ovarian preservation vs oophorectomy on fertility outcomes and disease recurrence.This prospective study aimed to address this knowledge gap by comparing the effects of these surgical approaches on spontaneous pregnancy rates,time to pregnancy,recurrence rates,and postoperative pain in patients with endometriosis.AIM To compare the reproductive outcomes and recurrence rates between ovarian preservation and oophorectomy in women undergoing laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis.METHODS This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital between January 2019 and December 2023.A total of 312 women aged 18 to 40 years,diagnosed with endometriosis and undergoing laparoscopic surgery,were included.The patients were categorized into the ovarian preservation group(n=204)and the oophorectomy group(n=108).The primary outcome measure was the achievement of spontaneous pregnancy within 24 months post-surgery.Secondary outcomes included time to spontaneous pregnancy,recurrence rates,and postoperative pain scores.RESULTS The ovarian preservation group exhibited a significantly higher spontaneous pregnancy rate than that in the oophorectomy group(43.6%vs 28.7%,P=0.006).Moreover,the median time to spontaneous pregnancy was shorter in the ovarian preservation group(8.2 months vs 11.4 months,P=0.018).Nonetheless,endometriosis recurrence was more prevalent in the ovarian preservation group(22.1%vs 11.1%,P=0.014).The postoperative pain scores demonstrated similar improvements in both groups,with no significant differences observed.Subgroup analyses indicated that the benefit of ovarian preservation on spontaneous pregnancy rates was more evident among younger women(≤35 years)and those with advanced-stage endometriosis.CONCLUSION Ovarian preservation is associated with a high spontaneous pregnancy rate and a short time to pregnancy.However,because of the increased risk of recurrence,the decision should be based on age,fertility aspirations,and disease severity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,the use of dienogest in clinical practice has increased significantly,and many studies have focused on its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of endometriosis and adenomyosis;however,the ef...BACKGROUND Currently,the use of dienogest in clinical practice has increased significantly,and many studies have focused on its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of endometriosis and adenomyosis;however,the effects of treatment with dienogest on uterine fibroid size in patients with endometriosis or adenomyosis have not been investigated.AIM To explore changes in fibroid size in patients with concomitant uterine fibroids undergoing dienogest treatment for endometriosis or adenomyosis and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the drug.METHODS The clinical data of patients with uterine fibroids treated with dienogest for endometriosis or adenomyosis at Peking University First Hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The maximum uterine fibroid diameter and volume increased after 3 months,6 months and 1 year of dienogest treatment compared with those before treatment(P<0.01).The maximum diameter and volume of the uterine adenomyoma increased after 3 months of dienogest treatment but decreased after 6 months and 1 year of treatment compared with those before treatment,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Endometrial thickness and antigen 125 levels were significantly thinner and decreased,respectively,after dienogest treatment(P<0.01).Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the increase in uterine fibroid volume after 3 months of dienogest treatment was positively correlated with the basic uterine fibroid volume(r=0.792,P<0.01).Among 64 patients with dysmenorrhea,63 experienced significant relief of dysmenorrhea after 6 months of treatment with dienogest,and all patients experienced significant relief of dysmenorrhea after 12 months.Patients were able to tolerate the drugs,with an average drug tolerance score of 8.73.CONCLUSION The use of dienogest in patients with endometriosis or adenomyosis combined with uterine fibroids can effectively relieve the patient's pain symptoms and significantly reduce the sizes of ovarian endometriotic cysts,but it cannot inhibit uterine fibroid growth.展开更多
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease,defined by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity.This disease is one of the main gynecological diseases,affecting aroun...Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease,defined by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity.This disease is one of the main gynecological diseases,affecting around 10%-15%women and girls of reproductive age,being a common gynecologic disorder.Although endometriosis is a benign disease,it shares several characteristics with invasive cancer.Studies support that it has been linked with an increased chance of developing endometrial ovarian cancer,representing an earlier stage of neoplastic processes.This is particularly true for women with clear cell carcinoma,low-grade serous carcinoma and endometrioid.However,the carcinogenic pathways between both pathologies remain poorly understood.Current studies suggest a connection between endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers(EAOCs)via pathways associated with oxidative stress,inflammation,and hyperestrogenism.This article aims to review current data on the molecular events linked to the development of EAOCs from endometriosis,specifically focusing on the complex relationship between the immune response to endometriosis and cancer,including the molecular mechanisms and their ramifications.Examining recent developments in immunotherapy and their potential to boost the effectiveness of future treatments.展开更多
Introduction: Cutaneous endometriosis is an uncommon but well-known skin disorder that represents about 0.5% to 1% of all endometriosis. The objective of this case series is to report clinical presentation, diagnosis,...Introduction: Cutaneous endometriosis is an uncommon but well-known skin disorder that represents about 0.5% to 1% of all endometriosis. The objective of this case series is to report clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of various forms of cutaneous endometriosis. Material and Methods: It was an observational, retrospective and descriptive review of cases presenting with cutaneous endometriosis among Cameroonian women managed at the gynaecological outpatient department of Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. All the following parameters were analysed: age, parity, previous pelvic surgery, presenting symptoms and duration, associated symptoms, localizations, imaging, size of the lesion, other localization of endometriosis, management and histopathological results. Results: we reported 4 cases of cutaneous endometriosis, with 3 umbilical endometriosis and 1 abdominal scar endometriosis. Patient age ranged from 28 to 39 years with an average of 33 years. All patients described infertility (two primary and two secondary) and two had a history of abdominal surgery. All patients presented local cyclical signs such as pain, swelling, color change and bleeding. The duration of symptoms varied from 2 to 3 years and the size of lesions ranged from 2 to 3.5 cm for umbilical lesions and was 9 cm for abdominal scar endometriosis. In all cases, no imaging was required for the diagnosis, which was suspected on the basis of patient’s history and the cyclical nature of local signs, followed by wide surgical excision and confirmation on histopathology. Conclusion: Cutaneaous endometriosis is a rare benign condition. Umbilical endometriosis seems to be the main cutaneous localization and can be described as primary or secondary. Even if its diagnosis must be confirmed by histopathology, it should be considered in patient with cutaneous cyclic signs such as pain, swelling or bleeding with or without history of abdominal surgery.展开更多
Objective:To provide high-quality clinical evidence of the efficacy of Tibetan medicine Honghua Ruyi(HHRY)pills for endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea.Methods:This study constitutes a multicenter,randomized,double-...Objective:To provide high-quality clinical evidence of the efficacy of Tibetan medicine Honghua Ruyi(HHRY)pills for endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea.Methods:This study constitutes a multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial encompassing a three-menstrual cycle intervention followed by a three-menstrual cycle follow-up period.A total of 164 eligible females with endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into HHRY pills and placebo groups in a 1:1 ratio.The primary outcome included dysmenorrhea symptoms assessed using Visual Analog Scale(VAS)scores and quality of life,whereas the secondary outcome measures included the maximum VAS for non-menstrual pelvic pain,duration of pain episodes(in days),frequency and quantity of the consumption of ibuprofen sustained-release capsules(or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs),and days off work/study for staff/student due to dysmenorrhea,ovarian cyst,and/or pelvic nodule size.The safety was monitored throughout the treatment period.All the analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle.For continuous outcomes,simple or multiple linear regressions were used to estimate the differences between the HHRY pills and placebo groups,with categorical data expressed as the number and percentage of occurrences.Differences were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.The predefined analysis was adjusted for concomitant treatment,a variable considered to be associated with outcomes but unaffected by treatment allocation.Estimates of treatment effects were reported with 95%confidence intervals.Two-tailed P values≤.05 were considered statistically significant.Conclusion:Positive results from this trial,upon completion would provide robust evidence for the efficacy and safety of HHRY pills in treating dysmenorrhea in patients with endometriosis.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of Hupo powder(HP)on autophagy in menstrual blood-derived stem cells(MenSCs)with endometriosis(EMT).Methods:EMT MenSCs(E-MenSCs)and healthy MenSCs(H-MenSCs)were isolated from the menstr...Objective:To explore the effect of Hupo powder(HP)on autophagy in menstrual blood-derived stem cells(MenSCs)with endometriosis(EMT).Methods:EMT MenSCs(E-MenSCs)and healthy MenSCs(H-MenSCs)were isolated from the menstrual blood of patients with EMT and healthy female participants,respectively.We identified their stem cells’characteristics via adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation.Twelve male SpragueeDawley rats received 0.9% NaCl and HP-dispensing granules by gastric irrigation to prepare blank serum and medicated serum,respectively.We used serum concentrations of 5%,10%,and 20%,each at administered times of 12,24,and 48 h to select the best condition.These cells were divided into three groups:blank serum of the control group,blank serum of the model group,and medicated serum of the HP group.H-MenSCs were used in the control group,while E-MenSCs were used in the model and HP groups.We analyzed cell viability using a cell counting kit-8 assay,observed cell morphology,evaluated the amounts of auto-phagosomes and autolysosomes by transmission electron microscopy,and detected the protein expression of autophagy markers(LC3-II and Beclin1)by Western blot.Results:E-MenSCs and H-MenSCs became long fusiform with a diffuse radial pattern,forming lipid droplets and calcium nodules after adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation.We then used the best conditiond 20% serum and 48 hdfor the subsequent experiments.In contrast to the model group,the HP group exhibited lower cell viability(=0.007),larger amounts of autophagosomes and autolysosomes(P<0.001 and P=0.001,respectively),and higher expression of LC3-II and Beclin1(P=0.021 and P=0.019,respectively).Conclusion:Hupo powder can promote autophagy in E-MenSCs,which might be one of the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects.展开更多
Context: Endometriosis is a pathology that directly affects the daily lives of women with frequent impairment of their quality of life. In our environment, medical, socio-cultural, financial factors and factors relate...Context: Endometriosis is a pathology that directly affects the daily lives of women with frequent impairment of their quality of life. In our environment, medical, socio-cultural, financial factors and factors related to the organization of the health care system greatly delay its diagnosis. The objectives of the present study were to determine the diagnosis delay and to assess the quality of life before surgery of women with endometriosis using the specific Endometriosis Health Profile 5 (EHP-5) questionnaire. Methods: We carried out a descriptive, observational, retrospective study in 8 medical centers in the City of Kinshasa, from January 2019 to October 2022. A total of 80 women with endometriosis confirmed by laparoscopy (16 diagnostic and 64 operative laparoscopies) and histopathology were interviewed. We used the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASMR) classification, the Endometriosis Fertility Index (EFI) score was calculated for infertile women and the EHP-5 questionnaire to assess quality of life. Our data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software 16.1 (STATA 16.1). Results: Diagnosis delay of endometriosis was on average 12 ± 4.3 years. The overall mean EHP-5 score of all patients showed a severe deterioration in quality of life (604 ± 235). A negative relationship was observed between the age of the patient, the diagnostic delay, and the alteration of the quality of life in patients over 36 years old and those with about 11 years of diagnostic delay presenting the slight alteration. Patients with a high social level had very severe quality impairment. Women on hormonal treatment, those with a history of pregnancy, childbirth, miscarriage and abortion had a slight and significant deterioration in quality of life (p 0.05). Conclusion: Despite some limitations, our preliminary study highlights that in sub-Saharan Africa, the diagnosis of endometriosis is delayed and associated with a severe alteration in quality of life. Moreover, diagnosis of endometriosis seems to be restricted to women with high social levels. Therefore, further efforts are required to develop a health policy to decrease delay for diagnosis with potential benefits on symptoms, quality of life, fertility while limiting stigma and psychological effects of this debilitating pathology.展开更多
Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting approximately 10% of women. Our aim was to describe the epidemiological profile, clinical presentation and location of lesions in patients operated on for end...Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting approximately 10% of women. Our aim was to describe the epidemiological profile, clinical presentation and location of lesions in patients operated on for endometriosis. Methodology: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over a period of 05 years from 1 January 2017 to 31 March 2022. Our study population consisted of women who had undergone laparoscopy for endometriosis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23.0. Results: In total we included 159 patients who had undergone laparoscopy for endometriosis. The mean age was 32.9 ± 5.9 years, most of whom were nuligravida 61.6% (n = 99). Infertility was the most frequent reason for consultation, accounting for 72.3% (n = 115), followed by dysmenorrhoea in 60.8% (n = 96) of cases and chronic pelvic pain in 37.7% (n = 60). In addition, 46 (28.9%) patients complained of deep dyspareunia, 17 (10.7%) of dyschezia and nine (5.7%) of dysuria. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used in one patient. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed directly in 77 (48.4%) patients. The lesions were multifocal, according to the #ENZIAN classification nomenclature. Tubal lesions were most frequently found 107 (67.3%) on the left, followed by compartment B (uterosacral ligaments, cardinal ligaments and lateral pelvic wall) 49.7% (n = 79), and endometriomas 40.9% (n = 65). Conclusion: Women operated on for endometriosis were of a more advanced age, and predominantly nulliparous. Infertility was the most frequent reason for consultation and tubal location most frequently encountered for superficial lesions and compartiment B for deep lesions according to #ENZIA.展开更多
Objective:The expression of pyroptosis related factors GSDMD,Caspase-1,NLRP3,IL-1β,IL-18 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in ovarian endometriosis was investigated and their correlations analyzed.Methods:A total of 50...Objective:The expression of pyroptosis related factors GSDMD,Caspase-1,NLRP3,IL-1β,IL-18 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in ovarian endometriosis was investigated and their correlations analyzed.Methods:A total of 50 patients with endometriosis who underwent ovarian cystectomy in the Department of Gynecology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled as endometriosis group.In addition,55 patients with normal endometrial tissue who underwent hysteroscopic surgery in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group,and patients with endometriosis were excluded during the operation.RT-qPCR,Western Blot was used to detect the expression of pyroptosis-related factor and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway mRAN,protein in the above tissues,and the correlation between the expression of the two was analyzed by Pearson correlation test.Results:The expression of pyroptosis-related factors and mRAN of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in ectopic ovarian cyst tissues was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that pyroptosis-related factors in ectopic ovarian cysts were positively correlated with the mRNA expression levels of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway(P<0.05).Conclusion:The pyroptosis correlation factors GSDMD,Caspase-1,NLRP3,IL-1β,IL-18 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are highly expressed in ovarian endometriosis,and the pyroptosis-related factors are positively correlated with the expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,suggesting that the regulation of endometriosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is likely to be achieved by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.展开更多
Background:Breast cancer and endometriosis are two significant diseases that threaten the health of female worldwide.The relationship between them is still in a state of controversy.In present study,we identified the ...Background:Breast cancer and endometriosis are two significant diseases that threaten the health of female worldwide.The relationship between them is still in a state of controversy.In present study,we identified the risk of breast cancer in patients with endometriosis through a meta-analysis.Methods:A systematic search of the PubMed,Embase and Cochrane Library,with the terms for endometriosis,breast and cancer,tumor,neoplasm,or carcinoma combined.Studies on related risk estimates of endometriosis and breast cancer were included in the meta-analysis.Furthermore,a series of analytical methods such as sensitivity analysis,the Cochran Q test,Begg’s and Egger’s test were used to analyze the information of collected studies.Results:Finally,a total of 8 studies were included.After statistical analysis based on STATA software,the combined odds ratio of the results was 1.13(95%CI:1.09–1.17).And the results of subgroup analysis showed that the odds ratio values of different outcome indexes were 1.06(95%CI:1.02–1.09,P<0.05),the effective effect estimates were presented in SIR(P=0.006,I^(2)=80.3%).Conclusion:In present study,we identified that patients with endometriosis have an increased risk of breast cancer.It is worth considering that our research was a summary analysis of epidemiological data.More in-depth studies are needed to determine the pathophysiology of this relationship.展开更多
Intrahepatic endometriosis is one of the rarest forms of atypical endometriosis; only eighteen cases have been reported in the English literature. We describe the case of a 32-year-old woman, who presented with persis...Intrahepatic endometriosis is one of the rarest forms of atypical endometriosis; only eighteen cases have been reported in the English literature. We describe the case of a 32-year-old woman, who presented with persistent, non-cyclical upper right quadrant abdominal pain, a central liver cyst, and no history of endometriosis. Three years previous, she was diagnosed with an intrahepatic cyst. The lesion progressed and two laparoscopic deroofing-operations were performed, yet the diagnosis of intrahepatic endometriosis was never reached. She presented in our clinic with further progress of the cyst as well as obstruction of the intrahepatic biliary system. The magnetic resonance imaging showed a 9.5 cm × 12 cm, lobulated intrahepatic cyst. We performed an ultrasonic pericystectomy. Immunostaining confirmed intrahepatic endometriosis. Only one of the previously described eighteen patients with intrahepatic endometriosis presented with cyclical pain in the upper right abdominal quadrant accompanying menstruation. This lack of a "typical" clinic makes it challenging to diagnose extragonadal endometriosis without histopathology. A previous history of endometriosis was described in only twelve cases, thus the diagnosis of this condition should not be limited to patients with a known history of endometriosis. Six of 18 patients were postmenopausal, demonstrating this condition is not limited to women of reproductive age. A preoperative diagnosis was only reached in seven of the previously described cases, highlighting the importance of preoperative biopsies. Yet due to the potential adverse effects, a transhepatic biopsy must be discussed individually. Although rare, intrahepatic endometriosis should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in women with recurrent hepatic cysts, regardless of age or previous medical history. In such cases, histology is essential and a pericystectomy should be performed as standard of care.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MMIF）, hypoxia-inducible factor- 1 α（HIF- 1α ）and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the serum and e...The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MMIF）, hypoxia-inducible factor- 1 α（HIF- 1α ）and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the serum and endometrial tissues of patients with endometriosis （EM） and the clinical significance. Eighty EM patients [American Reproductive Association stage Ⅰ （n=20）, stage Ⅱ （n=22）, stage Ⅲ （n=21） and stage Ⅳ （n=17）] were enrolled and divided into mild （10- 14 points, n=28）, moderate （16-24 points, n=27） and severe （26-30 points, n=25） dysmenorrhea groups. The control group included 40 healthy women of childbearing age who underwent routine healthcare examinations in the enrolment period. The expression of MMIF, HIF- 1α and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting, respectively. Meanwhile, the sensitivity and specificity of serum MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF when separately used as single indexes or jointly used as one index were examined as well. The results showed that serum concentrations of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF were significantly higher in EM patients than in controls （P〈0.05）. The expression of all three proteins in both serum and endometrial tissues increased significantly with the R-AFS stage （P〈0.05） and with dysmenorrheal severity （P〈0.05）. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of serum MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF levels were significantly higher than those of single index detection （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, the expression of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues may be used to assess the stage of EM and the severity of dysmenorrhea. Combined evaluation of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF significantly improves the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.展开更多
To study the changes of cytokines in peritoneal fluids of patients with endometriosis and their effects on reproductive activity, levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in peritoneal fluids and...To study the changes of cytokines in peritoneal fluids of patients with endometriosis and their effects on reproductive activity, levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in peritoneal fluids and peritoneal macrophages' culture supernatant were studied by using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) in 14 infertile patients with endometriosis (EMT group) and 11 infertile women with normal pelvis (control group). The effects of peritoneal fluids in patients with endometriosis in vitro on sperm motility and development of 2-cell mouse embryos were also studied. The results showed that the levels of TNF and IL-6 in peritoneal fluids and peritoneal macrophages' supernatant in EMT group were elevated significantly as cohipared with thai in the control group (P <0. 01). The percent of sperm straight line movement and total sperm motility were decreased significantly in EMT group (P<0. 01 ). The percent of 2-cell mouse embryos developing to 16-cells was 32. 5 % in EMT group, while 47. 6 % in control group after 48 h co-culture with peritoneal fluid (P <0. 01). It is likely that the elevation of peritoneal fluid cytokines in patients with endometriosis may play a role in infertility associated with endometriosis.展开更多
There has been emergence of evidence suggesting that specific variants of the vascular endothelia growth factor （VEGF） family, based on their ability to regulate angiogenesis, would be pivotal in the pathogenesis of...There has been emergence of evidence suggesting that specific variants of the vascular endothelia growth factor （VEGF） family, based on their ability to regulate angiogenesis, would be pivotal in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. This study was aimed at determining whether high levels of VEGF-A could be found in the serum and peritoneal fluid （PF） of patients with endometriosis. VEGF-A levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） in serum and PF from 46 patients with surgically confirmed endometriosis, and 40 controls with no clinical evidence of the disease or detectable endometriotic lesions at the time of surgical examination. The results showed the mean VEGF-A levels were significantly higher in the serum and PF of patients with endometriosis than in the controls. The VEGF-A levels in the serum and PF of patients with severe endometriosis （stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ） were significantly higher than in those with minimal endometriosis （P〈0.001）. It was concluded that endometriosis was associated with significant modulation in the levels of circulating VEGF-A.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMs) is a chronic and recurrent,but benign,disease in women of reproductive age,and EMs patients have a high risk of developing gynecological tumors and autoimmune disorders.The etiology of E...BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMs) is a chronic and recurrent,but benign,disease in women of reproductive age,and EMs patients have a high risk of developing gynecological tumors and autoimmune disorders.The etiology of EMs is not clear.Certain genetic markers in the eutopic endometrium are key in the pathogenesis of EMs.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in several biological processes,such as cell proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.MiR-451 is interesting,as it acts as a tumor suppressor and is relevant to the poor prognosis of cancers.AIM To evaluate the expression levels and role of miR-451 in the eutopic endometrium and predict possible targets of miR-451 and related signaling pathways.METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate miR-451 expression in cultured cell lines as well as in pathologic tissues from 40 patients with EMs and 20 donors with no history of the disease (controls).Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometric assays were performed to determine cell proliferation and survival rates after transfection with miR-451 mimics and siRNAs.MiR-451 targets were predicted using miRDB and miRcode target-predicting databases.RESULTS We observed lower miR-451 levels in eutopic endometrial tissues from patients with EMs than in control tissues,and this difference was not related to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine stage.Ectopic overexpression of miR-451 in eutopic cells induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation.SiRNA-mediated miR-451 knockdown reversed these effects.Using miRDB and miRcode,we identified 12 potential miR-451 target genes.We hypothesize that the expression of YWHAZ,OSR1,TTN,and CDKN2D may be regulated by miR- 451 and be involved in disease pathogenesis.CONCLUSION Reduced miR-451 expression in the eutopic endometrium contributes to the pathogenesis of EMs by promoting cell proliferation and reducing apoptosis.Thus,miR-451 is a novel biomarker for EMs.YWHAZ,OSR1,TTN,and CDKN2D are potential target genes of miR-451 and may have key roles in this disease.展开更多
基金supported by the GRF RGC&CRF,Hong Kong(Grant Nos.:475012 and C5045-20 EF)HMRF,Hong Kong(Grant No.:03141386)+3 种基金ITF,Hong Kong(Grant No.:ITS/209/12)UGC Direct Grant 2011,2012,2021.032HKOG Trust Fund 2011,2014,2019the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81974225 and 82201823)。
文摘Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disease with endometrial cell implantation outside the uterus.Angiogenesis is a major pathophysiology in endometriosis.Our previous studies have demonstrated that the prodrug of epigallocatechin gallate(ProEGCG)exhibits superior anti-endometriotic and anti-angiogenic effects compared to epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG).However,their direct binding targets and underlying mechanisms for the differential effects remain unknown.In this study,we demonstrated that oral ProEGCG can be effective in preventing and treating endometriosis.Additionally,1D and 2D Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration assay-based chemical proteomics identified metadherin(MTDH)and PX domain containing serine/threonine kinase-like(PXK)as novel binding targets of EGCG and ProEGCG,respectively.Computational simulation and BioLayer interferometry were used to confirm their binding affinity.Our results showed that MTDH-EGCG inhibited protein kinase B(Akt)-mediated angiogenesis,while PXK-ProEGCG inhibited epidermal growth factor(EGF)-mediated angiogenesis via the EGF/hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF-1a)/vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway.In vitro and in vivo knockdown assays and microvascular network imaging further confirmed the involvement of these signaling pathways.Moreover,our study demonstrated that ProEGCG has superior therapeutic effects than EGCG by targeting distinct signal transduction pathways and may act as a novel antiangiogenic therapy for endometriosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting a significant proportion of women of reproductive age.Although laparoscopic surgery is commonly the preferred treatment,the decision to preserve or remove the ovaries remains controversial.Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the impact of ovarian preservation vs oophorectomy on fertility outcomes and disease recurrence.This prospective study aimed to address this knowledge gap by comparing the effects of these surgical approaches on spontaneous pregnancy rates,time to pregnancy,recurrence rates,and postoperative pain in patients with endometriosis.AIM To compare the reproductive outcomes and recurrence rates between ovarian preservation and oophorectomy in women undergoing laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis.METHODS This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital between January 2019 and December 2023.A total of 312 women aged 18 to 40 years,diagnosed with endometriosis and undergoing laparoscopic surgery,were included.The patients were categorized into the ovarian preservation group(n=204)and the oophorectomy group(n=108).The primary outcome measure was the achievement of spontaneous pregnancy within 24 months post-surgery.Secondary outcomes included time to spontaneous pregnancy,recurrence rates,and postoperative pain scores.RESULTS The ovarian preservation group exhibited a significantly higher spontaneous pregnancy rate than that in the oophorectomy group(43.6%vs 28.7%,P=0.006).Moreover,the median time to spontaneous pregnancy was shorter in the ovarian preservation group(8.2 months vs 11.4 months,P=0.018).Nonetheless,endometriosis recurrence was more prevalent in the ovarian preservation group(22.1%vs 11.1%,P=0.014).The postoperative pain scores demonstrated similar improvements in both groups,with no significant differences observed.Subgroup analyses indicated that the benefit of ovarian preservation on spontaneous pregnancy rates was more evident among younger women(≤35 years)and those with advanced-stage endometriosis.CONCLUSION Ovarian preservation is associated with a high spontaneous pregnancy rate and a short time to pregnancy.However,because of the increased risk of recurrence,the decision should be based on age,fertility aspirations,and disease severity.
基金the National Key R&D Program of Reproductive Health and Women's and Children's Health Assurance Special Fund,No.2022YFC2704004.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,the use of dienogest in clinical practice has increased significantly,and many studies have focused on its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of endometriosis and adenomyosis;however,the effects of treatment with dienogest on uterine fibroid size in patients with endometriosis or adenomyosis have not been investigated.AIM To explore changes in fibroid size in patients with concomitant uterine fibroids undergoing dienogest treatment for endometriosis or adenomyosis and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the drug.METHODS The clinical data of patients with uterine fibroids treated with dienogest for endometriosis or adenomyosis at Peking University First Hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The maximum uterine fibroid diameter and volume increased after 3 months,6 months and 1 year of dienogest treatment compared with those before treatment(P<0.01).The maximum diameter and volume of the uterine adenomyoma increased after 3 months of dienogest treatment but decreased after 6 months and 1 year of treatment compared with those before treatment,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Endometrial thickness and antigen 125 levels were significantly thinner and decreased,respectively,after dienogest treatment(P<0.01).Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the increase in uterine fibroid volume after 3 months of dienogest treatment was positively correlated with the basic uterine fibroid volume(r=0.792,P<0.01).Among 64 patients with dysmenorrhea,63 experienced significant relief of dysmenorrhea after 6 months of treatment with dienogest,and all patients experienced significant relief of dysmenorrhea after 12 months.Patients were able to tolerate the drugs,with an average drug tolerance score of 8.73.CONCLUSION The use of dienogest in patients with endometriosis or adenomyosis combined with uterine fibroids can effectively relieve the patient's pain symptoms and significantly reduce the sizes of ovarian endometriotic cysts,but it cannot inhibit uterine fibroid growth.
文摘Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease,defined by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity.This disease is one of the main gynecological diseases,affecting around 10%-15%women and girls of reproductive age,being a common gynecologic disorder.Although endometriosis is a benign disease,it shares several characteristics with invasive cancer.Studies support that it has been linked with an increased chance of developing endometrial ovarian cancer,representing an earlier stage of neoplastic processes.This is particularly true for women with clear cell carcinoma,low-grade serous carcinoma and endometrioid.However,the carcinogenic pathways between both pathologies remain poorly understood.Current studies suggest a connection between endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers(EAOCs)via pathways associated with oxidative stress,inflammation,and hyperestrogenism.This article aims to review current data on the molecular events linked to the development of EAOCs from endometriosis,specifically focusing on the complex relationship between the immune response to endometriosis and cancer,including the molecular mechanisms and their ramifications.Examining recent developments in immunotherapy and their potential to boost the effectiveness of future treatments.
文摘Introduction: Cutaneous endometriosis is an uncommon but well-known skin disorder that represents about 0.5% to 1% of all endometriosis. The objective of this case series is to report clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of various forms of cutaneous endometriosis. Material and Methods: It was an observational, retrospective and descriptive review of cases presenting with cutaneous endometriosis among Cameroonian women managed at the gynaecological outpatient department of Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. All the following parameters were analysed: age, parity, previous pelvic surgery, presenting symptoms and duration, associated symptoms, localizations, imaging, size of the lesion, other localization of endometriosis, management and histopathological results. Results: we reported 4 cases of cutaneous endometriosis, with 3 umbilical endometriosis and 1 abdominal scar endometriosis. Patient age ranged from 28 to 39 years with an average of 33 years. All patients described infertility (two primary and two secondary) and two had a history of abdominal surgery. All patients presented local cyclical signs such as pain, swelling, color change and bleeding. The duration of symptoms varied from 2 to 3 years and the size of lesions ranged from 2 to 3.5 cm for umbilical lesions and was 9 cm for abdominal scar endometriosis. In all cases, no imaging was required for the diagnosis, which was suspected on the basis of patient’s history and the cyclical nature of local signs, followed by wide surgical excision and confirmation on histopathology. Conclusion: Cutaneaous endometriosis is a rare benign condition. Umbilical endometriosis seems to be the main cutaneous localization and can be described as primary or secondary. Even if its diagnosis must be confirmed by histopathology, it should be considered in patient with cutaneous cyclic signs such as pain, swelling or bleeding with or without history of abdominal surgery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81830115).
文摘Objective:To provide high-quality clinical evidence of the efficacy of Tibetan medicine Honghua Ruyi(HHRY)pills for endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea.Methods:This study constitutes a multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial encompassing a three-menstrual cycle intervention followed by a three-menstrual cycle follow-up period.A total of 164 eligible females with endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into HHRY pills and placebo groups in a 1:1 ratio.The primary outcome included dysmenorrhea symptoms assessed using Visual Analog Scale(VAS)scores and quality of life,whereas the secondary outcome measures included the maximum VAS for non-menstrual pelvic pain,duration of pain episodes(in days),frequency and quantity of the consumption of ibuprofen sustained-release capsules(or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs),and days off work/study for staff/student due to dysmenorrhea,ovarian cyst,and/or pelvic nodule size.The safety was monitored throughout the treatment period.All the analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle.For continuous outcomes,simple or multiple linear regressions were used to estimate the differences between the HHRY pills and placebo groups,with categorical data expressed as the number and percentage of occurrences.Differences were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.The predefined analysis was adjusted for concomitant treatment,a variable considered to be associated with outcomes but unaffected by treatment allocation.Estimates of treatment effects were reported with 95%confidence intervals.Two-tailed P values≤.05 were considered statistically significant.Conclusion:Positive results from this trial,upon completion would provide robust evidence for the efficacy and safety of HHRY pills in treating dysmenorrhea in patients with endometriosis.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973895)the Key Research Projects of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2020-JYB-ZDGG-143-3).
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of Hupo powder(HP)on autophagy in menstrual blood-derived stem cells(MenSCs)with endometriosis(EMT).Methods:EMT MenSCs(E-MenSCs)and healthy MenSCs(H-MenSCs)were isolated from the menstrual blood of patients with EMT and healthy female participants,respectively.We identified their stem cells’characteristics via adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation.Twelve male SpragueeDawley rats received 0.9% NaCl and HP-dispensing granules by gastric irrigation to prepare blank serum and medicated serum,respectively.We used serum concentrations of 5%,10%,and 20%,each at administered times of 12,24,and 48 h to select the best condition.These cells were divided into three groups:blank serum of the control group,blank serum of the model group,and medicated serum of the HP group.H-MenSCs were used in the control group,while E-MenSCs were used in the model and HP groups.We analyzed cell viability using a cell counting kit-8 assay,observed cell morphology,evaluated the amounts of auto-phagosomes and autolysosomes by transmission electron microscopy,and detected the protein expression of autophagy markers(LC3-II and Beclin1)by Western blot.Results:E-MenSCs and H-MenSCs became long fusiform with a diffuse radial pattern,forming lipid droplets and calcium nodules after adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation.We then used the best conditiond 20% serum and 48 hdfor the subsequent experiments.In contrast to the model group,the HP group exhibited lower cell viability(=0.007),larger amounts of autophagosomes and autolysosomes(P<0.001 and P=0.001,respectively),and higher expression of LC3-II and Beclin1(P=0.021 and P=0.019,respectively).Conclusion:Hupo powder can promote autophagy in E-MenSCs,which might be one of the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects.
文摘Context: Endometriosis is a pathology that directly affects the daily lives of women with frequent impairment of their quality of life. In our environment, medical, socio-cultural, financial factors and factors related to the organization of the health care system greatly delay its diagnosis. The objectives of the present study were to determine the diagnosis delay and to assess the quality of life before surgery of women with endometriosis using the specific Endometriosis Health Profile 5 (EHP-5) questionnaire. Methods: We carried out a descriptive, observational, retrospective study in 8 medical centers in the City of Kinshasa, from January 2019 to October 2022. A total of 80 women with endometriosis confirmed by laparoscopy (16 diagnostic and 64 operative laparoscopies) and histopathology were interviewed. We used the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASMR) classification, the Endometriosis Fertility Index (EFI) score was calculated for infertile women and the EHP-5 questionnaire to assess quality of life. Our data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software 16.1 (STATA 16.1). Results: Diagnosis delay of endometriosis was on average 12 ± 4.3 years. The overall mean EHP-5 score of all patients showed a severe deterioration in quality of life (604 ± 235). A negative relationship was observed between the age of the patient, the diagnostic delay, and the alteration of the quality of life in patients over 36 years old and those with about 11 years of diagnostic delay presenting the slight alteration. Patients with a high social level had very severe quality impairment. Women on hormonal treatment, those with a history of pregnancy, childbirth, miscarriage and abortion had a slight and significant deterioration in quality of life (p 0.05). Conclusion: Despite some limitations, our preliminary study highlights that in sub-Saharan Africa, the diagnosis of endometriosis is delayed and associated with a severe alteration in quality of life. Moreover, diagnosis of endometriosis seems to be restricted to women with high social levels. Therefore, further efforts are required to develop a health policy to decrease delay for diagnosis with potential benefits on symptoms, quality of life, fertility while limiting stigma and psychological effects of this debilitating pathology.
文摘Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting approximately 10% of women. Our aim was to describe the epidemiological profile, clinical presentation and location of lesions in patients operated on for endometriosis. Methodology: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over a period of 05 years from 1 January 2017 to 31 March 2022. Our study population consisted of women who had undergone laparoscopy for endometriosis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23.0. Results: In total we included 159 patients who had undergone laparoscopy for endometriosis. The mean age was 32.9 ± 5.9 years, most of whom were nuligravida 61.6% (n = 99). Infertility was the most frequent reason for consultation, accounting for 72.3% (n = 115), followed by dysmenorrhoea in 60.8% (n = 96) of cases and chronic pelvic pain in 37.7% (n = 60). In addition, 46 (28.9%) patients complained of deep dyspareunia, 17 (10.7%) of dyschezia and nine (5.7%) of dysuria. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used in one patient. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed directly in 77 (48.4%) patients. The lesions were multifocal, according to the #ENZIAN classification nomenclature. Tubal lesions were most frequently found 107 (67.3%) on the left, followed by compartment B (uterosacral ligaments, cardinal ligaments and lateral pelvic wall) 49.7% (n = 79), and endometriomas 40.9% (n = 65). Conclusion: Women operated on for endometriosis were of a more advanced age, and predominantly nulliparous. Infertility was the most frequent reason for consultation and tubal location most frequently encountered for superficial lesions and compartiment B for deep lesions according to #ENZIA.
基金Anhui Provincial Department of Education Natural Science Key Project (No.2022AH051428)Graduate Innovation Program of Bengbu Medical College (No.Byycx22099)。
文摘Objective:The expression of pyroptosis related factors GSDMD,Caspase-1,NLRP3,IL-1β,IL-18 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in ovarian endometriosis was investigated and their correlations analyzed.Methods:A total of 50 patients with endometriosis who underwent ovarian cystectomy in the Department of Gynecology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled as endometriosis group.In addition,55 patients with normal endometrial tissue who underwent hysteroscopic surgery in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group,and patients with endometriosis were excluded during the operation.RT-qPCR,Western Blot was used to detect the expression of pyroptosis-related factor and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway mRAN,protein in the above tissues,and the correlation between the expression of the two was analyzed by Pearson correlation test.Results:The expression of pyroptosis-related factors and mRAN of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in ectopic ovarian cyst tissues was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that pyroptosis-related factors in ectopic ovarian cysts were positively correlated with the mRNA expression levels of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway(P<0.05).Conclusion:The pyroptosis correlation factors GSDMD,Caspase-1,NLRP3,IL-1β,IL-18 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are highly expressed in ovarian endometriosis,and the pyroptosis-related factors are positively correlated with the expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,suggesting that the regulation of endometriosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is likely to be achieved by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
文摘Background:Breast cancer and endometriosis are two significant diseases that threaten the health of female worldwide.The relationship between them is still in a state of controversy.In present study,we identified the risk of breast cancer in patients with endometriosis through a meta-analysis.Methods:A systematic search of the PubMed,Embase and Cochrane Library,with the terms for endometriosis,breast and cancer,tumor,neoplasm,or carcinoma combined.Studies on related risk estimates of endometriosis and breast cancer were included in the meta-analysis.Furthermore,a series of analytical methods such as sensitivity analysis,the Cochran Q test,Begg’s and Egger’s test were used to analyze the information of collected studies.Results:Finally,a total of 8 studies were included.After statistical analysis based on STATA software,the combined odds ratio of the results was 1.13(95%CI:1.09–1.17).And the results of subgroup analysis showed that the odds ratio values of different outcome indexes were 1.06(95%CI:1.02–1.09,P<0.05),the effective effect estimates were presented in SIR(P=0.006,I^(2)=80.3%).Conclusion:In present study,we identified that patients with endometriosis have an increased risk of breast cancer.It is worth considering that our research was a summary analysis of epidemiological data.More in-depth studies are needed to determine the pathophysiology of this relationship.
文摘Intrahepatic endometriosis is one of the rarest forms of atypical endometriosis; only eighteen cases have been reported in the English literature. We describe the case of a 32-year-old woman, who presented with persistent, non-cyclical upper right quadrant abdominal pain, a central liver cyst, and no history of endometriosis. Three years previous, she was diagnosed with an intrahepatic cyst. The lesion progressed and two laparoscopic deroofing-operations were performed, yet the diagnosis of intrahepatic endometriosis was never reached. She presented in our clinic with further progress of the cyst as well as obstruction of the intrahepatic biliary system. The magnetic resonance imaging showed a 9.5 cm × 12 cm, lobulated intrahepatic cyst. We performed an ultrasonic pericystectomy. Immunostaining confirmed intrahepatic endometriosis. Only one of the previously described eighteen patients with intrahepatic endometriosis presented with cyclical pain in the upper right abdominal quadrant accompanying menstruation. This lack of a "typical" clinic makes it challenging to diagnose extragonadal endometriosis without histopathology. A previous history of endometriosis was described in only twelve cases, thus the diagnosis of this condition should not be limited to patients with a known history of endometriosis. Six of 18 patients were postmenopausal, demonstrating this condition is not limited to women of reproductive age. A preoperative diagnosis was only reached in seven of the previously described cases, highlighting the importance of preoperative biopsies. Yet due to the potential adverse effects, a transhepatic biopsy must be discussed individually. Although rare, intrahepatic endometriosis should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in women with recurrent hepatic cysts, regardless of age or previous medical history. In such cases, histology is essential and a pericystectomy should be performed as standard of care.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MMIF）, hypoxia-inducible factor- 1 α（HIF- 1α ）and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the serum and endometrial tissues of patients with endometriosis （EM） and the clinical significance. Eighty EM patients [American Reproductive Association stage Ⅰ （n=20）, stage Ⅱ （n=22）, stage Ⅲ （n=21） and stage Ⅳ （n=17）] were enrolled and divided into mild （10- 14 points, n=28）, moderate （16-24 points, n=27） and severe （26-30 points, n=25） dysmenorrhea groups. The control group included 40 healthy women of childbearing age who underwent routine healthcare examinations in the enrolment period. The expression of MMIF, HIF- 1α and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting, respectively. Meanwhile, the sensitivity and specificity of serum MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF when separately used as single indexes or jointly used as one index were examined as well. The results showed that serum concentrations of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF were significantly higher in EM patients than in controls （P〈0.05）. The expression of all three proteins in both serum and endometrial tissues increased significantly with the R-AFS stage （P〈0.05） and with dysmenorrheal severity （P〈0.05）. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of serum MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF levels were significantly higher than those of single index detection （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, the expression of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues may be used to assess the stage of EM and the severity of dysmenorrhea. Combined evaluation of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF significantly improves the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
文摘To study the changes of cytokines in peritoneal fluids of patients with endometriosis and their effects on reproductive activity, levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in peritoneal fluids and peritoneal macrophages' culture supernatant were studied by using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) in 14 infertile patients with endometriosis (EMT group) and 11 infertile women with normal pelvis (control group). The effects of peritoneal fluids in patients with endometriosis in vitro on sperm motility and development of 2-cell mouse embryos were also studied. The results showed that the levels of TNF and IL-6 in peritoneal fluids and peritoneal macrophages' supernatant in EMT group were elevated significantly as cohipared with thai in the control group (P <0. 01). The percent of sperm straight line movement and total sperm motility were decreased significantly in EMT group (P<0. 01 ). The percent of 2-cell mouse embryos developing to 16-cells was 32. 5 % in EMT group, while 47. 6 % in control group after 48 h co-culture with peritoneal fluid (P <0. 01). It is likely that the elevation of peritoneal fluid cytokines in patients with endometriosis may play a role in infertility associated with endometriosis.
文摘There has been emergence of evidence suggesting that specific variants of the vascular endothelia growth factor （VEGF） family, based on their ability to regulate angiogenesis, would be pivotal in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. This study was aimed at determining whether high levels of VEGF-A could be found in the serum and peritoneal fluid （PF） of patients with endometriosis. VEGF-A levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） in serum and PF from 46 patients with surgically confirmed endometriosis, and 40 controls with no clinical evidence of the disease or detectable endometriotic lesions at the time of surgical examination. The results showed the mean VEGF-A levels were significantly higher in the serum and PF of patients with endometriosis than in the controls. The VEGF-A levels in the serum and PF of patients with severe endometriosis （stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ） were significantly higher than in those with minimal endometriosis （P〈0.001）. It was concluded that endometriosis was associated with significant modulation in the levels of circulating VEGF-A.
文摘BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMs) is a chronic and recurrent,but benign,disease in women of reproductive age,and EMs patients have a high risk of developing gynecological tumors and autoimmune disorders.The etiology of EMs is not clear.Certain genetic markers in the eutopic endometrium are key in the pathogenesis of EMs.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in several biological processes,such as cell proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.MiR-451 is interesting,as it acts as a tumor suppressor and is relevant to the poor prognosis of cancers.AIM To evaluate the expression levels and role of miR-451 in the eutopic endometrium and predict possible targets of miR-451 and related signaling pathways.METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate miR-451 expression in cultured cell lines as well as in pathologic tissues from 40 patients with EMs and 20 donors with no history of the disease (controls).Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometric assays were performed to determine cell proliferation and survival rates after transfection with miR-451 mimics and siRNAs.MiR-451 targets were predicted using miRDB and miRcode target-predicting databases.RESULTS We observed lower miR-451 levels in eutopic endometrial tissues from patients with EMs than in control tissues,and this difference was not related to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine stage.Ectopic overexpression of miR-451 in eutopic cells induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation.SiRNA-mediated miR-451 knockdown reversed these effects.Using miRDB and miRcode,we identified 12 potential miR-451 target genes.We hypothesize that the expression of YWHAZ,OSR1,TTN,and CDKN2D may be regulated by miR- 451 and be involved in disease pathogenesis.CONCLUSION Reduced miR-451 expression in the eutopic endometrium contributes to the pathogenesis of EMs by promoting cell proliferation and reducing apoptosis.Thus,miR-451 is a novel biomarker for EMs.YWHAZ,OSR1,TTN,and CDKN2D are potential target genes of miR-451 and may have key roles in this disease.
