Evaluation of the effects of combined endoscopic variceal ligation and splenectomy with pericardial devascularization on esophageal varices

AIM: To detect the hemodynamic alterations in collateral circulation before and after combined endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and splenectomy with pericardial devascularization by ultrasonography, and to evaluate their effect using hemodynamic parameters. METHODS: Forty-three patients with esophageal varices received combined EVL and splenectomy with pericardial devascularization for variceal eradication. The esophageal vein structures and azygos blood flow (AZBF) were detected by endoscopic ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasound. The recurrence and rebleeding of esophageal varices were followed up. RESULTS: Patients with moderate or severe varices in the esophageal wall and those with severe peri- esophageal collateral vein varices had improvements after treatment, while the percentage of patients with severe para-esophageal collateral vein varices decreased from 54.49% to 2.33%, and the percentage of patients with detectable perforating veins decreased from 79.07% to 4.65% (P < 0.01). Color Doppler flowmetry showed a significant decrease both in AZBF (43.00%, P < 0.05) and in diameter of the azygos vein (28.85%, P < 0.05), while the blood flow rate was unchanged. The recurrence rate of esophageal varices was 2.5% (1/40, mild), while no re-bleeding cases were recorded. CONCLUSION: EVL in combination with splenectomy with pericardial devascularization can block the collateral veins both inside and outside of the esophageal wall, and is more advantagious over splenectomy in combination with pericardial devascularization or EVL in preventing recurrence and re-bleeding of varices.

Suspected cerebrovascular air embolism during endoscopic esophageal varices ligation under sedation with fatal outcome: A case report

BACKGROUND Air embolism is a very rare,yet serious and potentially fatal complication of digestive endoscopic treatment.Air embolism is the result of air directly entering the arteries or veins.However,to recognize neurological dysfunction under sedation can be difficult.Therefore,it is extremely important to identify high-risk groups and take preventive measures.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a 74-year-old female patient with esophageal varices who suffered from consciousness disturbance after the third endoscopic ligation of esophageal varices under sedation.Combined with the patient’s imaging examination results and medical history,we highly suspected that the patient had developed paradoxical cerebral air embolism during endoscopic ligation.We learned that the patient died at a later follow-up.In order to be able to identify and prevent the occurrence of air embolism early,we summarize and analyze the risk factors,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,prevention and treatment options of gastrointestinal endoscopy complicated by cerebral air embolism.CONCLUSION Electroencephalographic monitoring helps to recognize the occurrence of air embolism in time and increase the patient's chance of survival.

Endoscopic band ligation or endoscopic tissue adhesive injection in the treatment of gastric varices:Which is better?

The combination of endoscopic ultrasound with endoscopic treatment of type 1 gastric variceal hemorrhage may improve the robustness and generalizability of the findings in future studies.Moreover,the esophageal varices should also be included in the evaluation of treatment efficacy in subsequent studies to reach a more convincing conclusion.

Efficacy of β-adrenergic blocker plus 5-isosorbide mononitrate and endoscopic band ligation for prophylaxis of esophageal variceal rebleeding:A meta-analysis

AIM: To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of β-adrenergic blocker plus 5-isosorbide mononitrate (BB + ISMN) and endoscopic band ligation (EBL) on prophylaxis of esophageal variceal rebleeding. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy and safety of BB + ISMN and EBL on prophylaxis of esophageal variceal rebleeding were gathered from Medline, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trial Registry and China Biological Medicine database between January 1980 and August 2007. Data from five trials were extracted and pooled. The analyses of the available data using the Revman 4.2 software were based on the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: Four RCTs met the inclusion criteria. In comparison with BB + ISMN with EBL in prophylaxis of esophageal variceal rebleeding, there was no significant difference in the rate of rebleeding [relative risk (RR), 0.79; 95% CI: 0.62-1.00; P = 0.05], bleeding-related mortality (RR, 0.76; 95% CI: 0.31-1.42; P = 0.40), overall mortality (RR, 0.81; 95% CI: 0.61-1.08; P = 0.15) and complications (RR, 1.26; 95% CI: 0.93-1.70; P = 0.13). CONCLUSION:In the prevention of esophageal variceal rebleeding, BB + ISMN are as effective as EBL. There are few complications with the two treatment modalities. Both BB + ISMN and EBL would be considered as the first-line therapy in the prevention of esophageal variceal rebleeding.

Effect of aluminum phosphate gel on prevention of early rebleeding after ligation of esophageal variceal hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is the main cause of portal hypertension.The leading cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis is its most common complication,esophageal variceal bleeding(EVB).Endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)is recommended by many guidelines to treat EVB and prevent rebleeding;however,esophageal ulcers occur after treatment.Delayed healing of ulcers and unhealed ulcers lead to high rebleeding and mortality rates.Thus,the prevention of early postoperative rebleeding is of great significance in improving the quality of life and prognosis of patients.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of aluminum phosphate gel(APG)plus a proton pump inhibitor(PPI)in the prevention of early rebleeding after EVL in patients with EVB.METHODS The medical records of 792 patients who were diagnosed with EVB and in whom bleeding was successfully stopped by EVL at Shenzhen People’s Hospital,Guangdong Province,China from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected.According to the study inclusion and exclusion criteria,401 cases were included in a PPI-monotherapy group(PPI group),and 377 cases were included in a PPI and APG combination therapy(PPI+APG)group.We compared the incidence rates of early rebleeding and other complications within 6 wk after treatment between the two groups.The two-sample t-test,Wilcoxon rank-sum test,and chisquared test were adopted for statistical analyses.RESULTS No significant differences in age,sex,model for end-stage liver disease score,coagulation function,serum albumin level,or hemoglobin level were found between the two groups.The incidence of early rebleeding in the PPI+APG group(9/337;2.39%)was significantly lower than that in the PPI group(30/401;7.48%)(P=0.001).Causes of early rebleeding in the PPI group were esophageal ulcer(3.99%,16/401)and esophageal varices(3.49%,14/401),while those in the PPI+APG group were also esophageal ulcers(5/377;1.33%)and esophageal varices(4/377;1.06%);such causes were significantly less frequent in the PPI+APG group than in the PPI group(P=0.022 and 0.024,respectively).The early mortality rate within 6 wk in both groups was 0%,which was correlated with the timely rehospitalization of all patients with rebleeding and the conduct of emergency endoscopic therapy.The incidence of adverse events other than early bleeding in the PPI+APG group(28/377;7.43%)was significantly lower than that in the PPI group(63/401;15.71%)(P<0.001).The incidence of chest pain in the PPI+APG group(9/377;2.39%)was significantly lower than that in the PPI group(56/401;13.97%)(P<0.001).The incidence of constipation in the PPI+APG group(16/377;4.24%)was significantly higher than that in the PPI group(3/401;0.75%)(P=0.002)but constipation was relieved after patients drank more water or took lactulose.In the PPI and PPI+APG groups,the incidence rates of spontaneous peritonitis within 6 wk after discharge were 0.50%(2/401)and 0.53%(2/377),respectively,and those of hepatic encephalopathy were 0.50%(2/401)and 0.27%(1/377),respectively,presenting no significant difference(P>0.999).CONCLUSION PPI+APG combination therapy significantly reduces the incidence of early rebleeding and chest pain in patients with EVB after EVL.

Risk factors for predicting early variceal rebleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation

AIM: To analyze the clinical risk factors for early variceal rebleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL).METHODS: 342 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices who received elective EVL to prevent bleeding or rebleeding at our endoscopy center between January 2005 and July 2010.were included in this study.The early rebleeding cases after EVL were confirmed by clinical signs or endoscopy.A case-control study was performed comparing the patients presenting with early rebleeding with those without this complication.RESULTS: The incidence of early rebleeding after EVL was 7.60%,and the morbidity of rebleeding was 26.9%.Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that four variables were independent risk factors for early rebleeding: moderate to excessive ascites [odds ratio (OR) 62.83,95% CI: 9.39-420.56,P < 0.001],the number of bands placed (OR 17.36,95% CI: 4.00-75.34,P < 0.001),the extent of varices (OR 15.41,95% CI: 2.84-83.52,P = 0.002) and prothrombin time (PT) > 18 s (OR 11.35,95% CI: 1.93-66.70,P = 0.007).CONCLUSION: The early rebleeding rate after EVL is mainly affected by the volume of ascites,number of rubber bands used to ligate,severity of varices and prolonged PT.Effective measures for prevention and treatment should be adopted before and after EVL.

Primary prevention of bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis

Variceal bleeding is a life threatening situation with mortality rates of at least 20%. Prophylactic treatment with non-selective beta blockers(NSBBs) is recommended for patients with small varices that have not bled but with increased risk for bleeding. The recommended treatment strategies on primary prevention of variceal bleeding in patients with medium and largesized varices are NSBBs or endoscopic band ligation. Nitrates, shunt surgery and sclerotherapy are not recommended in this setting. In this review, the most recent data on prevention of esophageal variceal bleeding are presented. Available data derived from randomized-controlled trials suggest both treatment strategies, and according to Baveno V consensus in portal hypertension "the choice of treatment should be based on local resources and expertise, patient preference and characteristics, side-effects and contra-indications".

Role of band ligation for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding

AIM To summarize and critically examine the role of band ligation in secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS A literature review was performed using the MEDLINE and PubM ed databases. The search terms consisted of the words "endoscopic band ligation" OR "variceal band ligation" OR "ligation" AND "secondary prophylaxis" OR "secondary prevention" AND "variceal bleeding" OR "variceal hemorrhage" AND "liver cirrhosis". The data collected from relevant meta-analyses and from the most recent randomized studies that were not included in these meta-analyses were used to evaluate the role of endoscopic band ligation in an effort to demonstrate the most recent advances in the treatment of esophageal varices. RESULTS This study included 11 meta-analyses published from 2002 to 2017 and 10 randomized trials published from 2010 to 2017 that evaluated the efficacy of band ligation in the secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. Overall, the results proved that band ligation was superior to endoscopic sclerotherapy. Moreover, the use of β-blockers in combination with band ligation increased the treatment effectiveness, supporting the current recommendations for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. The use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was superior to combination therapy regarding rebleeding prophylaxis, with no difference in the survival rates; however, the results concerning the hepatic encephalopathy incidence were conflicting. Recent advances in the management of secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding have targeted a decrease in portal pressure based on the pathophysiological mechanisms of portal hypertension.CONCLUSION This review suggests that future research should be conducted to enhance current interventions and/or to develop innovative treatment options with improved clinical endpoints.

Comparison of emergency endoscopic variceal ligation plus octride or octride alone for acute esophageal variceal bleeding

Background Octride was the main method for the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding （EVB）. The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effect and safety between esophageal variceal ligation （EVL） plus octride and octride alone in acute esophageal bleeding. Methods A total of 101 cirrhotic patients with EVB were involved in this study and received emergency EVL ± octride （EVL group） or only octride therapy randomly. The cost, efficacy and safety were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results Among 51 patients in EVL group, 5 （10%） patients failed. Among 50 patients in the octride treatment group, 13 patients （26%） failed. The difference was significant （P 〈0.05）. The average blood transfusion volume was （2.4±2.2） units in the EVL group and （6.4±3.4） units in the octride treatment group （P〈0.05）. Hospital stay was （7.4±1.3） days in the EVL group and （11.4±3.3） days in the octride treatment group （P 〈0.05）. The average hospital cost was （10 983±1147） yuan in the EVL group and （13 921 ±2107） yuan in the octride treatment group （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion Emergency endoscopic ligation plus octride is superior to octride alone in the treatment of acute EVB with lower cost and higher efficacy with enough safety.

Primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis:A comparison of different strategies

Patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices bleed at a yearly rate of 5%-15%,and,when variceal hemorrhage develops,mortality reaches 20%.Patients are deemed at high risk of bleeding when they present with medium or large-sized varices,when they have red signs on varices of any size and when they are classified as Child-Pugh C and have varices of any size.In order to avoid variceal bleeding and death,individuals with cirrhosis at high risk of bleeding must undergo primary prophylaxis,for which currently recommended strategies are the use of traditional non-selective beta-blockers(NSBBs)(i.e.,propranolol or nadolol),carvedilol(a NSBB with additional alpha-adrenergic blocking effect)or endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL).The superiority of one of these alternatives over the others is controversial.While EVL might be superior to pharmacological therapy regarding the prevention of the first bleeding episode,either traditional NSBBs or carvedilol seem to play a more prominent role in mortality reduction,probably due to their capacity of preventing other complications of cirrhosis through the decrease in portal hypertension.A sequential strategy,in which patients unresponsive to pharmacological therapy would be submitted to endoscopic treatment,or the combination of pharmacological and endoscopic strategies might be beneficial and deserve further investigation.

内镜下套扎联合奥曲肽和凝血酶治疗肝硬化并发食管胃静脉曲张出血患者疗效研究

目的观察应用内镜下套扎(EVL)联合凝血酶散和奥曲肽治疗肝硬化并发食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)患者的临床疗效。方法2021年6月~2023年6月我院收治的120例肝硬化并发EGVB患者,其中60例观察组接受EVL联合凝血酶散口服和静脉应用奥曲肽治疗,另60例对照组接受奥曲肽联合EVL治疗。药物治疗维持1 w,随访3 m。经颈静脉穿刺测量肝静脉楔压(WHVP)和肝静脉游离压(FHVP),计算肝静脉压力梯度(HVPG)。结果在治疗1 w末,观察组死亡2例,对照组死亡8例,观察组止血成功率为96.7%,显著高于对照组的86.7%(P<0.05);在生存患者中,观察组早发再出血、迟发再出血和曲张静脉(EV)消失率分别为22.4%、17.2%和69.0%,与对照组比,均无显著性差异(分别为16.7%、13.3%和73.1%,P>0.05);治疗后,观察组HVPG为(19.1±2.6)mmHg,与对照组【(19.0±3.0)mmHg】比,无显著性差异(P>0.05);治疗前后,两组血清肝肾功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用EVL联合凝血酶散口服和奥曲肽静脉应用治疗肝硬化并发EGVB患者止血效果好,可短期消除EV,防止再出血。

内镜序贯治疗肝硬化合并食管静脉曲张出血的效果

目的:探讨内镜序贯治疗肝硬化合并食管静脉曲张出血(EVB)的效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2023年4月揭阳市人民医院收治的肝硬化合并EVB患者80例为研究对象,随机分为序贯组和常规组,各40例。常规组采用单纯食管静脉曲张套扎术(EVL)治疗,序贯组采用EVL内镜序贯治疗。比较两组临床疗效、门静脉及脾静脉血流量、并发症发生率、再出血率及复发率。结果:序贯组治疗总有效率高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.043)。术后12个月,两组门静脉、脾静脉血流量低于首次套扎后,序贯组低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。序贯组并发症发生率低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.043)。术后1个月,两组均无再出血;术后3个月,两组再出血率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6、12个月,序贯组再出血率低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月,两组均无复发;术后3个月,两组复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6、12个月,序贯组复发率低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:内镜序贯治疗肝硬化合并EVB的效果确切,可有效控制出血量,减少再复发及再出血,减少并发症,安全性较高。

内镜下组织胶注射联合套扎术、奥曲肽对EGVB凝血功能和再出血的影响

目的探讨内镜下组织胶注射与套扎术结合奥曲肽治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)对凝血功能及再出血率的影响。方法选取2020年1月至2023年1月符合纳入和排除标准的226例EGVB患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组113例。对照组患者接受套扎术联合奥曲肽治疗,而研究组患者则接受内镜下组织胶注射联合套扎术及奥曲肽治疗。比较两组的治疗效果、输血量、止血时间、呕血改善时间、凝血功能指标[活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血时间(TT)]、门静脉血流动力学参数[门静脉压(PVP)、门静脉血流量(PVF)、门静脉血流速度(PVV)]、胃肠激素水平[胃泌素-17(GAS-17)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(PG-Ⅰ)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PG-Ⅱ)]以及再出血率。结果研究组的总有效率为97.35%(110/113),显著高于对照组的90.27%(102/113),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,研究组的输血量较少,止血时间和呕血改善时间较短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗后,两组患者的APTT、PT、TT均较治疗前有所缩短,且研究组的缩短程度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。同样,治疗后两组患者的PVP、PVF、PVV均较治疗前有所降低,研究组的降低程度亦大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗后,两组患者的GAS-17、PG-Ⅰ、PG-Ⅱ水平均较治疗前有所下降,研究组的下降程度亦大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在治疗后1个月和3个月,研究组的再出血率分别为0和5.31%(6/113),均低于对照组的7.96%(9/113)和13.27%(15/113),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。结论内镜下组织胶注射联合套扎术及奥曲肽治疗EGVB具有确切的疗效,能够改善凝血功能和出血症状,优化门静脉血流动力学,降低再出血率,并减轻胃肠功能损伤。

特利加压素治疗肝硬化并发食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血患者疗效研究

目的观察在内镜下套扎术(EVL)后应用特利加压素治疗肝硬化并发食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)患者的效果及其对血流动力学指标和再出血率的影响。方法2018年12月~2022年7月我院收治的乙型肝炎肝硬化并发EGVB患者89例,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组45例和观察组44例,分别接受EVL或EVL后加用特利加压素治疗3 d。使用多普勒超声诊断仪检测心排量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、门静脉血流量(PVF)和食管曲张静脉直径(EVD)。采用ELISA法检测血清胃动素、胃泌素和生长抑素水平。采用放射免疫法检测血清丙二醛(MDA)、脂质过氧化氢(LHP)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平。结果在治疗过程中,观察组死亡3例(6.8%),对照组死亡9例(20.0%);在治疗3 d时,观察组CI、EVD和PVF分别为(3.0±0.6)L/(min.m^(2))、(3.3±0.6)mm和(3.4±0.6)L/min,均显著小于对照组【分别为(3.5±0.6)L/(min.m^(2))、(4.5±0.9)mm和(4.1±0.6)L/min,P<0.05】;观察组血清胃动素、胃泌素和生长抑素水平分别为(207.5±25.1)ng/L、(82.4±8.6)ng/L和(11.9±1.5)ng/L,显著低于对照组【分别为(241.1±24.8)ng/L、(98.0±8.2)ng/L和(16.8±1.3)ng/L,P<0.05】;观察组血清MDA和LHP水平分别为(22.0±4.3)μmol/L和(9.7±2.4)μmol/L,均显著低于对照组【分别为(31.8±4.2)μmol/L和(14.4±2.6)μmol/L,P<0.05】,而血清GSH-Px水平为(29.7±3.6)U/ml,显著高于对照组【(20.8±4.0)U/ml,P<0.05】;治疗后随访6个月,观察组发生再出血1例(2.4%),显著低于对照组的7例(19.4%,P<0.05),而两组静脉曲张复发率分别为4.9%(2/41)和19.4%(7/36),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在EVL术后及时应用特利加压素治疗肝硬化并发EGVB患者能改善血流动力学指标,抑制胃肠激素分泌,减轻机体氧化应激反应,可能还能降低再出血率和静脉曲张复发率,值得进一步观察研究。

食管静脉曲张套扎术后早期再出血的急诊内镜止血治疗效果分析

目的 评价食管静脉曲张套扎术后早期再出血急诊内镜止血的有效性和安全性。方法 对2011年7月至2022年9月因食管静脉曲张套扎术后早期再出血行急诊内镜治疗的13例患者进行回顾性分析,记录内镜表现、采用的止血措施、操作时长、止血成功率、术后不良反应发生情况,术后随访3月。结果 所有患者均发现原套扎圈部分脱落或完全脱落,创面溃疡形成,其中伴有喷射样出血2例(15.4%),持续渗血5例(38.5%),无活动性出血但溃疡面有裸露血管1例(7.7%)、覆血凝块或血迹5例(38.5%)。13例患者均行硬化剂注射治疗,平均聚桂醇注射量(23.6±10.1)mL,其中3例联合套扎治疗,2例联合胃底组织胶注射治疗。所有患者经内镜治疗后即刻止血,成功率100%,平均操作时长20.3 min。术后出现发热5例(38.5%),胸痛1例(7.7%),腹胀1例(7.7%),经对症治疗后均可缓解,随访3月,均未再次出血。结论 食管静脉曲张套扎术后早期再出血发生后,行急诊内镜治疗安全有效,值得推广。

内镜套扎术联合生长抑素治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血患者的效果

目的:探析内镜套扎术联合生长抑素治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血患者的效果。方法:择取2020年1月—2023年9月贵航贵阳医院收治的72例肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血患者作为研究对象,随机分对照组和观察组,各36例。对照组给予内镜套扎术治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合生长抑素治疗;比较两组临床指标(止血时间、输血总量及住院时间)、血流动力学指标(门静脉及脾静脉血流量)、并发症发生率及消化道再出血情况。结果:观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组止血时间、住院时间均短于对照组,输血总量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组门静脉血流量、脾静脉血流量均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组再出血率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:内镜套扎术联合生长抑素治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血患者效果显著,止血效果突出,有助于促进患者术后康复,降低术后再出血风险。

乙型肝炎肝硬化并发胃食管静脉曲张内镜治疗后再出血的风险预测模型的建立

目的探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化胃食管静脉曲张内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术(EVL)后再出血的危险因素,构建预测模型。方法回顾性分析294例EVL治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化胃食管静脉曲张患者的临床资料。随访术后随访1年再出血发生情况。多因素Logistic回归分析影响乙型肝炎肝硬化胃食管静脉曲张患者EVL术后再出血的因素,基于Logistic回归构建预测模型,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和Hosmer-Lemeshow检验预测模型预测乙型肝炎肝硬化胃食管静脉曲张患者EVL术后再出血的效能。结果294例乙型肝炎肝硬化胃食管静脉曲张患者EVL术后发生再出血73例,再出血率为24.83%。多因素分析结果显示:高肝静脉压力梯度(HVPG)、门静脉血栓、Child-Pugh C级是乙型肝炎肝硬化胃食管静脉曲张患者EVL术后再出血的独立危险因素,抗病毒治疗是独立保护因素(P<0.05)。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验基于Logistic回归的预测模型与观测值拟合度较好(P>0.05),ROC曲线分析预测模型预测乙型肝炎肝硬化胃食管静脉曲张患者EVL术后再出血的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.844,效能较高(P<0.05)。结论高HVPG、门静脉血栓、Child-Pugh C级是乙型肝炎肝硬化胃食管静脉曲张患者EVL术后再出血的独立危险因素,抗病毒治疗是独立保护因素,据此建立预测模型具有较好的预测效能。

内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术治疗胃底孤立性静脉曲张的临床疗效

目的探讨内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术治疗胃底孤立性静脉曲张(IGV)的临床疗效。方法选取2020年6月至2021年12月赣州市第五人民医院收治的45例IGV患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行常规检查,明确食管胃底静脉曲张程度,采用内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术治疗,比较患者手术前后胃底静脉曲张(GV)、门脉高压性胃黏膜病变(PHG)发生情况及术后并发症发生率、临床疗效。结果术后2周、1个月、3个月、6个月,患者GV、PHG发生率均低于术前,且术后1个月低于术后2周、6个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者术后其他时间点GV、PHG发生率两两比较差异无统计学意义。术后1、3、6个月,患者并发症发生率均低于术后2周,治疗总有效率均高于术后2周,且术后6个月并发症发生率、治疗总有效率均低于术后1个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后其他时间点并发症发生率、治疗总有效率两两比较差异无统计学意义。结论内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术治疗胃底孤立性静脉曲张患者,可降低术后并发症发生率,改善预后效果确切,临床应用价值较高,但术后较易发生再出血现象。

急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血58例

目的:探讨急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床疗效和并发症.方法:回顾性分析58例确诊为急性食管胃底静脉曲张出血患者,急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗并随访6 mo的临床资料.结果:所有患者均1次急诊内镜下成功止血急诊止血成功率为100%(58/58).平均随访6mo,早期再出血率为1.7%(1/58),近期再出血率为1.7%(1/58);胃底静脉曲张程度缓解显效率为70.7%(41/58),有效率为22.4%(13/58)总有效率为93.1%(54/58);食管静脉曲张程度缓解显效率为74.1%(43/58),有效率为17.2%(10/58),总有效率为91.4%(53/58);G O V1型患者静脉曲张程度缓解总有效率95.8%(23/24),G O V2型患者静脉曲张程度缓解总有效率82.2%(30/34),比较GOV1型和G O V2型患者食管胃底静脉曲张缓解程度差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);3例患者食管胃底静脉曲张消失不明显,4 wk后再次给予曲张静脉硬化术,2例肝癌患者1 mo内再次出现消化系出血并死于肝性脑病.术后出现短期的进食时胸骨后不适或疼痛感、低热、术后6 mo内可观察到多种形态的排胶形式,未见异位栓塞及与治疗相关的严重并发症.结论:急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血是一项安全可靠的方法,具有急诊止血率高、曲张静脉消失率高、并发症少等优点,值得推广应用.

内镜序贯治疗食管静脉曲张出血的临床研究

目的观察内镜下套扎与硬化序贯治疗(EVLS)对肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血(EVB)的疗效和安全性。方法104例肝硬化EVB患者分为3组:EVS组38例,采用曲张静脉血管内注射硬化剂;EVL组40例;EVLS组26例。定期随访,观察食管静脉曲张消失率、再出血率、复发率及并发症发生率。结果3组静脉曲张消失率相似(EVS组81.6%,EVL组85.7%,EVLS组92.3%,P>0.05);达到静脉曲张完全消失所需的平均治疗次数:EVL组(1.8±0.6)次,明显少于EVS组的(3.0±1.0)次和EVLS组的(2.9±1.0)次(P<0.05);EVLS组曲张静脉完全消失所需的平均套扎环数(7.3±3.0)环少于EVL组(11.0±3.0)环,P<0.05,平均硬化剂量(20.2±10.7)mL少于EVS组(52.9±25.6)mL,P<0.05;3组的再出血率差异无显著性;EVLS组的并发症为19.2%,明显低于EVS组的32.7%(P<0.05),与EVL组的15.1%相似(P>0.05);EVLS组复发率为11.5%,低于EVL组的35.0%(P<0.05)和EVS组的15.8%(P>0.05)。结论EVLS组复发率及并发症低于其他两组,特别对于重度食管静脉曲张的患者,操作时安全性明显增加,因而序贯治疗是治疗食管静脉曲张出血的理想选择。