Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for pediatric choledocholithiasis: Assessing the need for endoscopic intervention

AIM:To assess pediatric patients for choledocholithiasis.We applied current adult guidelines to identify predictivefactors in children.METHODS:A single-center retrospective analysis was performed at a tertiary children's hospital.We evaluated 44 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography(ERCP) for suspected choledocholithiasis.Patients were stratified into those with common bile duct stones(CBDS) at ERCP vs those that did not using the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(ASGE) guidelines(Very Strong and Strong criteria) for suspected CBDS.RESULTS:CBDS were identified in 84% at the time of ERCP.Abdominal ultrasound identified CBDS in 36% of patients.Conjugated bilirubin ≥ 0.5 mg/d L was an independent risk factor for CBDS(P = 0.003).The Very Strong(59.5%) and Strong(48.6%) ASGE criteria identified the majority of patients(P = 0.0001).A modified score using conjugated bilirubin had a higher sensitivity(81.2% vs 59.5%) and more likely to identify a stone than the standard criteria,odds ratio of 25.7 compared to 8.8.Alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase values identified significant differences in a subset of patients with odds ratio of 4.1 and 3.25,respectively.CONCLUSION:Current adult guidelines identified the majority of pediatric patients with CBDS,but specific pediatric guidelines may improve detection,thus decreasing risks and unnecessary procedures.

Poorly expandable common bile duct with stones on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

AIM： To describe characteristics of a poorly expandable （PE） common bile duct （CBD） with stones on en- doscopic retrograde cholangiography.METHODS： APE bile duct was characterized by a rigid and relatively narrowed distal CBD with retro- grade dilatation of the non-PE segment. Between 2003 and 2006, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography （ERC） images and chart reviews of 1213 patients with newly diagnosed CBD stones were obtained from the computer database of Therapeutic Endoscopic Centerin Chang Gung Memoria acteristic PE bile duct on Hospital. Patients with char ERC were identified from the database. Data of the patients as well as the safety and technical success of therapeutic ERC were collected and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS： A total of 30 patients with CBD stones and characteristic PE segments were enrolled in this study. The median patient age was 45 years （range, 20 to 92 years）; 66.7% of the patients were men. The di ameters of the widest non-PE CBD segment, the PE segment, and the largest stone were 14.3 ± 4.9 mm, 5.8±1.6 mm, and 11.2±4.7 mm, respectively. The length of the PE segment was 39.7±15.4 mm （range, 12.3 mm to 70.9 mm）. To remove the CBD stone（s） completely, mechanical lithotripsy was required in 25 （83.3%） patients even though the stone size was not as large as were the difficult stones that have been described in the literature. The stone size and stone/ PE segment diameter ratio were associated with the need for lithotripsy. Post-ERC complications occurred in 4 cases： pancreatitis in 1, cholangitis in 2, and an im- pacted Dormia basket with cholangitis in 1. Two （6.7%） of the 28 patients developed recurrent CBD stones at follow-up （50±14 mo） and were successfully managed with therapeutic ERC.CONCLUSION： Patients with a PE duct frequently require mechanical lithotripsy for stones extraction, To retrieve stones successfully and avoid complications, these patients should be identified during ERC,

Single balloon enteroscopy for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in patients with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejuno anastomosis

AIM:To evaluate single balloon enteroscopy in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography(ERC)in patients with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunoanastomosis(HJA).METHODS:The study took place from January 2009to December 2011 and we retrospectively assessed 15patients with Roux-en-Y HJA who had signs of biliary obstruction.In total,23 ERC procedures were performed in these patients and a single balloon videoen-teroscope(Olympus SIF Q 180)was used in all of the cases.A transparent overtube was drawn over the videoenteroscope and it freely moved on the working part of the enteroscope.Its distal end was equipped with a silicone balloon that was inflated by air from an external pump at a pressure of≤5.4 kPa.The technical limitations or rather the parameters of the single balloon enteroscope(working length-200 cm,diameter of the working channel-2.8 mm,absence of Albarran bridge)showed the need for special endoscopic instrumentation.RESULTS:Cannulation success was reached in diagnostic ERC in 12 of 15 patients.ERC findings were normal in 1 of 12 patients.ERC in the remaining 11 patients showed some pathological changes.One of these(cystic bile duct dilation)was subsequently resolved surgically.Endoscopic treatment was initialized in the remaining 10 patients(5 with HJA stenosis,2 with choledocholithiasis,and 3 with both).This treatment was successful in 9 of 10 patients.The endoscopic therapeutic procedures included:balloon dilatation of HJA stenosis-11 times(7 patients);choledocholitiasis extraction-five times(5 patients);biliary plastic stent placement-six times(4 patients);and removal of biliary stents placed by us-six times(4 patients).The mean time of performing a single ERC was 72 min.The longest procedure took 110 min and the shortest took34 min.This shows that it is necessary to allow for more time in individual procedures.Furthermore,these procedures require the presence of an anesthesiologist.We did not observe any complications in these 15 patients.CONCLUSION:This method is more demanding than standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography due to altered postsurgical anatomy.However,it is effective,safe,and widens the possibilities of resolving biliary pathology.

Adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation:Comparison of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with standard T2-weighted magnetic resonance cholangiography for evaluation of donor biliary anatomy

AIM: To compare the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and standard T2-weighted magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in the evaluation process as adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation (LDLTx) demands a successful outcome, and exact knowledge of the biliary tree is implicated to avoid biliary complications, postoperatively.METHODS: After starting the LDLTx program, 18 liver transplant candidates were selected for LDLTx by a stepwise evaluation process. ERC and standard T2-weighted MRC were performed to evaluate the biliary system of the donor liver. The anatomical findings of ERC and MRC mapping were compared using the Ohkubo classification. RESULTS: ERC allowed mapping of the whole biliary system in 15/15 (100%) cases, including 14/15 (93.3%) with biliary variants while routine MRC was only accurate in 2/13 (15.4%) cases. MRC was limited in depicting the biliary system proximal of the hepatic bifurcation. Postoperative biliary complications occurred in 2 donors and 8 recipients. Biliary complications were associated with Ohkubo type C, E or G in 6/8 recipients, and 2/3 recipients with biliary leak received a graft with multiple (≥2) bile ducts. CONCLUSION: Pretransplant ERC is safe and superior over standard MRC for detection of biliary variations that occur with a high frequency. However, precise knowledge of biliary variants did not reduce the incidence of postoperative biliary complications.

Mucin gene expression in bile of patients with and without gallstone disease,collected by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

AIM： To investigate the pattern of mucin expression and concentration in bile obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography （ERC） in relation to gallstone disease.METHODS： Bile samples obtained at ERC from 29 consecutive patients, 17 with and 12 without gallstone disease were evaluated for mucin content by gel filtration on a Sepharose CL-4B column. Dot blot analysis for bile mucin apoproteins was performed with antibodies to Mucin 1 （MUC1）, MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6. Staining intensity score （0-3） was used as a measure of antigen expression.RESULTS： MUCl, MUC2, MUC3, MUCSAC, MUC5B and MUC6 were demonstrated in 34.4%, 34.4%, 51.7%, 51.7%, 55.1% and 27.5% of bile samples, respectively.The staining intensity scores were 0.62 ± 0.94, 0.58 ± 0.90, 0.79 ± 0.97, 1.06 ± 1.22, 1.20 ± 2.26 and 0.41 ± 0.73, respectively. Mean mucin concentration measured in bile by the Sepharose CL-4B method was 22.8 ± 24.0 mg/mL （range 3.4-89.0 mg/mL）. Mean protein concentration was 8.1 ± 4.8 mg/mL （range 1.7-23.2 mg/mL）.CONCLUSION： High levels of MUC3, MUC5AC and MUC5B are expressed in bile aspirated during ERC examination. A specific pattern of mucin gene expression or change in mucin concentration was not found in gallstone disease.

Intraductal ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct stones: a comparative study

BACKGROUND: Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) is highly accurate in detection of extrahepatic bile duct stones. This study was to compare the accuracy of IDUS and endo- scopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in the diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct stones. METHODS: Thirty patients suspected of extrahepatic bile duct stones on B ultrasonography, CT, or MRI were en- rolled for study. ERC was performed using a Fujinon duo- denoscope (ED-410XT, ED-410Xu), then IDUS was done by inserting a Fujinon microprobe (PL2220-15) through the endoscopic biopsy channel to detect the extrahepatic bile duct. Finally stones in the extrahepatic bile duct were detected and extracted by endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). RESULTS: Among the 30 patients, 26 were diagnosed as having cholelithiasis accurately through ERC. In one pa- tient the stone detected by ERC was really floccule. Mis- diagnosis happened in 2 patients with extrahepatic bile duct stones. So the overall accuracy and sensitivity of ERC in the diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct stones were 86.7% (26/30) and 92.9% (26/28) respectively. In contrast, IDUS showed the results of diagnosis were in consistent with those of EST stone extraction. Its accuracy and sensi- tivity in the diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct stones were 100% (30/30) and 100% (28/28) respectively. CONCLUSION: IDUS which is superior to ERC in diagno- sing extrahepatic bile duct stones can avoid the visual error of ERC.

Plasmapheresis and corticosteroid treatment for persistent jaundice after successful drainage of common bile duct stones by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

Prolonged cholestasis is a very rare complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Only few cases with this complication are reported in the English literature. We report persisting cholestatic jaundice in a 73-year old man after successful therapeutic ERC for choledocholithiasis. Serologic tests for viral and autoimmune hepatitis were all negative. A second-look ERC was normal also. He denied any medication except for prophylaxis given intravenous 1 g ceftriaxon prior to the ERC procedure. After an unsuccessful trial with ursodeoxycholic acid and cholestyramine for 2 wk, this case was efficiently treated with corticosteroids and plasmapheresis. His cholestatic enzymes became normal and intense pruritis quickly resolved after this treatment which lasted during his follow- up period. We discussed the possible mechanisms and treatment alternatives of intrahepatic cholestasis associated with the ERC procedure.

Application Value of Nursing Intervention for Patients with Pancreatitis After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)

Objective:To explore and analyze the application value of nursing intervention for patients with pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Methods:From May 2022 to May 2023,100 patients with pancreatitis after ERCP who were admitted to the General Surgery Department of our hospital were selected as the research objects,they were divided into a research group and a general group by flipping coins,with 50 cases in each group.The research group received nursing intervention,and the general group received general nursing.The postoperative index recovery time,quality of life,and emotional performance were compared between the two groups.Results:The blood amylase recovery time,abdominal pain recovery time,white blood cell recovery time,and hospitalization time in the research group were significantly lower than those in the general group(P<0.05).Before intervention,the physical function,social factors,physiological performance,emotional state,and other quality of life indicators were compared between the groups,and there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);after intervention,the mentioned quality of life indicators were significantly better than that of the general group(P<0.05).Before intervention,the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)scores between the groups were compared,and there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);after intervention,the SAS and SDS scores of the research group were significantly better than those of the general group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of nursing intervention in patients with pancreatitis after ERCP has high clinical value and specific practical significance.

Electrohydraulic lithotripsy and rendezvous nasal endoscopic cholangiography for common bile duct stone: A case report

BACKGROUND In patients with large stones in the common bile duct(CBD),advanced treatment modalities are generally needed.Here,we present an interesting case of a huge CBD stone treated with electrohydraulic lithotripsy(EHL)by the percutaneous approach and rendezvous endoscopic retrograde cholangiography(ERC)using a nasal endoscope.CASE SUMMARY A 91-year-old woman underwent ERC for a symptomatic large CBD stone with a diameter of 50 mm.She was referred to our institution after the failure of lithotomy by ERC,and after undergoing percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.We attempted to fragment the stone by transhepatic cholangioscopy using EHL.However,the stones were too large and partly soft clay-like for lithotripsy.Next,we attempted lithotomy with ERC and cholangioscopy by the rendezvous technique using a nasal endoscope and achieved complete lithotomy.No complication was observed at the end of this procedure.CONCLUSION Cholangioscopy by rendezvous technique using a nasal endoscope is a feasible and safe endoscopic method for removing huge CBD stones.

Advances in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cannulation

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatobiliary diseases.A critical step in this procedure is deep cannulation of the bile duct as failure of cannulation generally results in an aborted procedure and failed intervention.Expert endoscopists usually achieve a high rate of successful cannulation while those less experienced typically have a much lower rate and a greater incidence of complications.Prolonged attempts at cannulation can result in significant morbidity to patients,anxiety for endoscopists,unnecessary radiation exposure and inefficient patient care.Here we review the most common endoscopic techniques used to achieve selective biliary cannulation.Pharmacologic aids to cannulation are also discussed briefly in this review.

Left hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm complicating endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography:A case report

BACKGROUND Pseudoaneurysms of the hepatic artery or its branches have been reported following abdominal trauma,iatrogenic injury at the time of many operations such as percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and cholecystectomy.Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)are uncommon and potentially life threatening and should be identified and treated rapidly.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of intra-abdominal hemorrhage secondary to a left hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm resulting from guide wire injury at ERCP.The patient primary diagnosis was acute biliary pancreatitis with cholangitis,he underwent ERCP on the third day of admission.During ERCP,the left intrahepatic bile duct was cannulated three times.Over the sixth day,Contrast enhanced computed tomography scan demonstrated left hepatic lobe contusion and a pseudoaneurysm formation.The patient was successfully treated with the embolization of a small branch of left hepatic artery angiographically.CONCLUSION The common complications of ERCP are pancreatitis,bleeding and perforation.False aneurysms occur as a result of damage to the wall of an artery.As far as we know,it is rare complication has been reported following ERCP.We advise urgent referral for angiographic embolization in this situation to avoid aneurysm rupture.

Safety and Feasibility of Oral Rehydration Solution Prior to Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Purpose: The safety of oral rehydration therapy before endoscopic screening with respect to vital signs and complications after the screening procedure was assessed in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods: A total of 107 patients scheduled for ERCP were assigned to either the intravenous drip injection (DIV) group during fasting (56 patients) or ORS group given oral rehydration solution (51 patients) prior to endoscopy. Vital signs after ERCP, including blood pressure and temperature, blood biochemical data and the incidence of post-ERCP complications were compared between the groups. Results: No cases of aspiration pneumonia were detected in either groups. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences between the DIV group and ORS group in terms of the biochemical data and vital signs after ERCP. The intergroup difference in the development of pancreatitis after ERCP was 2.3% [95% CI: ?5.7, 10.3], which was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The safety of oral rehydration therapy was found to be equivalent to that of the customary practice of infusion as a method for managing hydration and replenishing electrolytes in patients receiving ERCP. Oral rehydration therapy may be easily utilized as rehydration therapy prior to endoscopic screening for ERCP and other procedures.

生长抑素联合内镜下鼻胆管引流术在胆总管结石行ERCP术中的效果分析

目的探讨生长抑素联合内镜下鼻胆管引流术(ENBD)在胆总管结石行ERCP术中的应用价值。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月在安徽医科大学附属安庆第一人民医院龙山院区肝胆外科行ERCP治疗的150例胆总管结石患者为研究对象,按照治疗方式不同分成3组:生长抑素组50例、吲哚美辛组50例、生长抑素联合ENBD组50例。比较3组患者ERCP术后胰腺炎(PEP)及高淀粉酶血症的发生率,并发症发生率,术后3h、24h、48h谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、血淀粉酶、白细胞变化情况,以及术后术后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)疼痛评分、术后住院时间、术后费用。结果生长抑素联合ENBD组术后3h、24h、48h高淀粉酶血症、PEP、并发症发生率以及住院时间低于生长抑素组和吲哚美辛组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者术后3hVAS疼痛评分比较,差异无统计学差异(P>0.05),术后24h、48hVAS疼痛评分生长抑素联合ENBD组低于生长抑素组和吲哚美辛组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生长抑素联合ENBD组术后费用高于生长抑素组和吲哚美辛组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3h、24h、48h白细胞数值、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶相比较,3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相较于生吲哚美辛以及生长抑素单药,生长抑素联合ENBD能够有效降低胆总管结石行ERCP术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的发生率,并能减少患者住院时间,患者能够从中获益。

急性胆管炎合并胆总管结石高龄患者行急诊ERCP治疗的安全性及有效性

目的探讨急性胆管炎高龄患者行急诊ERCP治疗的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析上海中医药大学附属普陀医院2011年1月至2015年12月因急性胆管炎合并胆总管结石行急诊ERCP的患者186例病例资料。其中,年龄≥80岁者96例,作为观察组;年龄<65岁者90例,作为对照组。分析两组的一般资料、合并症、治疗结果及是否存在并发症等信息。结果观察组中合并症的发生率明显高于对照组(87.50%vs51.11%,P<0.05)。两组病例中,ERCP插管成功率无统计学差异(94.79%vs 95.56%,P>0.05)。对照组无终止操作病例,观察组有2例患者因心肺功能抑制而终止操作。两组病例中ERCP术后相关并发症发生率的比较无统计学差异(7.29%vs 5.56%,P>0.05),胰腺炎、出血、穿孔及感染发生率的比较组间差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。所有并发症均未进行外科手术干预。两组病例中无ERCP相关死亡病例的发生。结论急诊ERCP可安全有效地用于急性胆管炎合并胆总管结石的高龄患者,但需密切关注合并症,并及早发现可能引起的不良事件。高龄患者如发生并发症往往较严重,应加强围手术期的管理。

丙泊酚复合右美托咪定或瑞芬太尼在高龄患者ERCP中的应用

目的 对比观察右美托咪定复合丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于高龄患者ERCP诊疗术的有效性、安全性及舒适性.方法 80例择期行ERCP的高龄患者随机分为右美托咪定复合丙泊酚组（D组）和瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚组（R组）,每组40例.负荷量阶段：D组患者10 min内静脉输注Dex 0.50 μg/kg;R组患者10 min内静脉输注同等容积生理盐水.麻醉诱导阶段：两组均以芬太尼0.5 μg/kg、丙泊酚0.5 ～1.0 mg/kg推注行诱导.麻醉维持阶段：D组患者于麻醉诱导后按丙泊酚2 ～5 mg/（kg·h）和右美托咪定0.05 ～0.1 μg/（kg·min）的速率输注至术毕;R组泵注丙泊酚2 ～5 mg/（kg·h）和瑞芬太尼0.025 ～ 0.05 μg/（kg· min）,两组同时泵注至术毕.观察记录患者入室时（T1）、负荷量后（T2）、诱导后（T3）、进镜后（T4）、套石（T5）、退镜（T6）、患者清醒（T7）、患者离室时（T8）各时点的平均动脉压、心率、呼吸频率、呼未二氧化碳、脉搏血氧饱和度、BIS值,患者苏醒时间、患者离室时间和不良反应.结果 R组术后苏醒时间和离室时间明显短于D组（P＜0.05）,术中丙泊酚维持用量高于D组（P＜0.05）.与T1比较,两组患者T3～T6各时点的平均动脉压均有所下降（P ＜0.05）,D组的平均动脉压在T3 ～ T6时点均明显低于R组（P＜0.05）.两组患者的呼吸频率在诱导后各时点与诱导前比较均有所下降,其中T3 ～ T6时点差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,D组呼吸频率在T4 ～ T6时点明显高于R组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组患者ETCO2与诱导前比较均有所增加,其中T3,T6时点差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,D组ETCO2在T4 ～ T6时点明显低于R组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组患者BIS值在T3～ T6时点均明显下降（P＜0.05）.术中D组有2例出现体动,R组为0,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;D组患者有2例出现咯逆,R组有3例;D组有1例、R组有3例术中需要血管活性药维持血压,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组患者均未发生术中知晓、反流误吸,亦无术后恶心呕吐.结论两种麻醉方法均能满足高龄患者ERCP的要求;与瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚相比,右美托咪定复合丙泊酚更能减少呼吸抑制的发生,可能更适合术前伴随呼吸功能减退或抑制的高龄患者行ERCP.

MRCP与ERCP、PTC诊断胆道梗阻性疾病的对比研究

目的 :探讨磁共振胰胆管成像 (MRCP)加梗阻部位薄层扫描或增强扫描、内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)、经皮肝穿刺胆道造影 (PTC)对胆道梗阻的诊断价值。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 42例临床怀疑胆道梗阻患者的MRCP资料 (包括薄层或增强扫描 ) ,并与 18例ERCP、9例PTC比较 ,所有病例均经手术病理证实。结果 :MRCP加梗阻部位薄层扫描或增强扫描对胆管梗阻诊断准确率为 90 .5 % ,ERCP为 88.9% ,PTC为 88.9%。结论 :MRCP加梗阻部位薄层扫描或增强扫描对胆管梗阻具有重要诊断价值。

Oddi括约肌功能障碍的ERCP研究

目的 探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)对Oddi括约肌功能障碍的诊断价值。方法 对 2 1例Oddi括约肌功能障碍患者进行各种检查 ,重点分析ERCP在Oddi括约肌功能障碍的内镜诊断特点及X线表现 ,并将ERCP诊断方法与实验室检查、B超等检查方法进行比较。结果 ERCP能直观显示十二指肠乳头的位置、形状、大小、开口的形态及狭窄程度和胰胆管扩张 ,特别是对胆总管下端、乏特氏壶腹部的形态、边缘的显示。结论 ERCP是目前诊断Oddi括约肌功能障碍的最佳方法。

LC+LCBDE和ERCP/EST+LC在胆囊合并胆总管结石中应用的随机对照研究

目的对比腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)联合腹腔镜胆总管切开胆道镜探查取石术(LCBDE)、内镜逆行胰胆管造影/内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石术(ERCP/EST)联合LC两种联合术式在胆囊合并胆总管结石治疗中的疗效差异,分析术式优越性。方法前瞻性分析上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院胆胰外科2014年7月至2016年3月间114例胆囊合并胆总管结石患者临床资料,按随机数字表法分为LC+LCBDE组以及ERCP/EST+LC组。对比两组手术成功率、手术时间、术中出血、住院时间和费用、术后胃肠道生活质量指数(GIQLI)和患者手术耐受性,以及术后早期及中远期并发症发生率。结果 LC+LCBDE组与ERCP/EST+LC组比较,手术成功率差异无统计学意义(96.5%vs 92.9%,P>0.05);并发症方面,LC+LCBDE组残石率,胰腺炎、胆管炎、腹胀发生率均低于ERCP/EST+LC组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时,LC+LCBDE组在住院费用、耗材费用、术后GIQLI生存质量和患者手术耐受性方面均优于ERCP/EST+LC组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但在住院时间、胆漏发生率方面,ERCP/EST+LC组优于LC+LCBDE组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论LC+LCBDE术式在胆囊合并胆总管结石的治疗中与ERCP/EST+LC术式手术成功率相近,但LC+LCBDE术式具有创伤小、并发症低、费用少、患者耐受性好、术后生存质量高等优点,可作为首选术式。

ERCP术后胰腺炎预防的研究进展

内窥镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)是肝、胆、胰腺疾病诊治的重要手段之一,目前已经广泛应用于临床,但无论是诊断性还是治疗性ERCP均为微创或有创技术,仍可造成一系列的并发症,如急性胰腺炎、出血、穿孔、急性胆管炎等,其中以胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症最为常见,并发症严重时可危及生命,这在一定程度上限制了ERCP的广泛应用。为了降低ERCP术后胰腺炎(PEP)的发生率,目前最为常见的预防措施为药物预防和内镜下胰胆管引流术预防。

芍药甘草汤预防ERCP术后胰腺炎的临床疗效研究

目的探讨术前口服芍药甘草汤对预防内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)后胰腺炎(PEP)的临床作用。方法将2019年9月至2020年9月上海中医药大学附属曙光医院拟行ERCP的患者150例随机分成治疗组(75例)和对照组(75例)。2组患者术前均进行常规治疗,在此基础上,对照组术前0.5 h予以吲哚美辛栓肛塞,治疗组在对照组基础上加用芍药甘草汤治疗。观察2组患者术前及术后临床症状评分、腹痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、炎症指标[C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)]水平变化,并评估2组患者术后PEP和高淀粉血症的发生率、PEP分级和严重程度[改良CT严重指数(MCTSI)评分,急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)]。结果(1)术后治疗组PEP和高淀粉酶血症的发生率分别为4.00%(3/75)、18.67%(14/75),低于对照组的13.33%(10/75)、33.33%(25/75),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)2组患者术后临床症状评分和VAS评分较术前均明显升高(P<0.05),且术后2 h治疗组临床症状评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);术后2 h、24 h治疗组VAS评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)2组患者术后24 h CRP、PCT、IL-6、IL-10水平较术前均明显升高(P<0.05),且术后24 h治疗组CRP、IL-6水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组IL-10水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)术后,2组患者PEP分级比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后治疗组PEP患者APACHEⅡ评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。(5)治疗期间2组均未发现与治疗相关的明显不良反应。结论ERCP术前连续口服芍药甘草汤可降低PEP和高淀粉酶血症的发生率,减轻PEP患者病情的严重程度,降低炎症反应,改善临床症状,安全性较好。