A Cross-Sectional Study on The Prevalence of Anemia in Maintenance Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients and Its Related Factors

Objective:To study the prevalence of anemia,the proportion of hemoglobin(Hb)levels,the treatment methods,and the influencing factors of Hb levels in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)and peritoneal dialysis patients.Methods:In this study,602 patients with maintenance hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis were enrolled from December 2020 to December 2022 in our hospital,and their medical records were collected and summarized.The main contents included the patient’s gender,age,primary disease,dialysis duration,dialysis method,the use of erythropoietic stimulating agents(ESA),intravenous iron,and laboratory tests.A Hb index exceeding 110 g/L was set as the standard for the prevalence of anemia.Results:The rate of anemia in patients undergoing blood purification was 83%.The proportion of ESA use was 84.1%,and the proportion of iron use was 76.7%,of which the proportion of intravenous iron used was 17.0%,and the proportion of folic acid used was 28.3%.Conclusion:The incidence of anemia in MHD patients was relatively high,with a low proportion of patients reaching the standard Hb levels.Risk factors include albumin(ALB)levels,iron storage,white blood cells,C-reactive protein,cholesterol,etc.Nutritional support,iron supplementation,and prevention of micro-inflammatory reactions can effectively promote the improvement of Hb indicators in dialysis patients to prevent anemia.

Analysis of Factors Related to Vasovagal Response in Apheresis Blood Donors and the Establishment of Prediction Model Based on BP Neural Network Algorithm

Objective:To analyze the factors related to vessel vasovagal reaction(VVR)in apheresis donors,establish a mathematical model for predicting the correlation factors and occurrence risk,and use the prediction model to intervene in high-risk VVR blood donors,improve the blood donation experience,and retain blood donors.Methods:A total of 316 blood donors from the Xi'an Central Blood Bank from June to September 2022 were selected to statistically analyze VVR-related factors.A BP neural network prediction model is established with relevant factors as input and DRVR risk as output.Results:First-time blood donors had a high risk of VVR,female risk was high,and sex difference was significant(P value<0.05).The blood pressure before donation and intergroup differences were also significant(P value<0.05).After training,the established BP neural network model has a minimum RMS error of o.116,a correlation coefficient R=0.75,and a test model accuracy of 66.7%.Conclusion:First-time blood donors,women,and relatively low blood pressure are all high-risk groups for VVR.The BP neural network prediction model established in this paper has certain prediction accuracy and can be used as a means to evaluate the risk degree of clinical blood donors.

Factors Relating to Nurses’ End-of-Life Care

This integrative review aimed to investigate factors relating to end-of-life care of nurses. The review was conducted according to PICo (Participant, area of Interest, and Context). Keywords identified were: “nurse” AND “end-of-life care” (“dyingcare” OR “‘deathcare”, OR “near end stage of life care” OR “palliative care” OR “hospice care” OR “comfortable care in near death” OR “quality of dying patients care”), AND “nurses”. The database searched through PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Web of Science and SCOPUS. The searching inclusion criteria were limited to English and Chinese language studies about nurses’ end-of-life care from 2010 to 2019, yielding 258 English language articles and 2Chinese language articles. Results: A total of fifteen articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. Two subjects were obtained from the results that related to nurses’ care during the process of end of life: 1) Nurses’ demographic factors;and 2) Modifiable factors. Nurses’ demographic factors were age, years of work experience, level of education and experience of the death of a family member/friend. Modifiable factors included knowledge, attitude, confidence, relationship, environment and resources, communication, nursing activities, philosophy and culture of care, skills and training. These factors were explored in various areas and majority of the studies had been conducted in public government hospitals. Conclusion: The major power ability of care was observed in nurses who acted the significant part in caring for the terminally ill during the dying process. Caring for dying patients was related to many factors which could affect the fabric of nursing care at the end stage of life. The elements found in this review could lead to recommendations with implications for nursing practice so as to improve and enhance end-of-life care. Some factors could be considered like predictors affecting nursing practice for chronical ill patients in further research. In addition, nurses’ tranquility care in community hospitals should be more focused.

Grey Relational Analysis between Chlorophyll a and Environmental Factors in ShaHu Lake

[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of environmental factors on the content of Chlorophyll a in ShaHu Lake.[Method] Based on the data in Shahu Lake from November in 2007 to September in 2008,the relationship between chlorophyll a and environmental factors like water temperature,pH,secchi-depth （SD）,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and potassium permanganate index was studied by grey relational analysis method.[Result] The main environmental factors affecting the content of Chlorophyll a in ShaHu Lake were in order of water temperature potassium permanganate index 〉total nitrogen 〉pH〉 total phosphorus 〉SD.[Conclusion] The research provides reference for the control of eutrophication and the reasonable development and utilization of Shahu Lake.

Analysis on Fuji Apple Tree Structures and Related Factors under Different Pruning Modes

To determine the correlations between the tree structuresof Fuji apple with different pruning modes and each factor, the data about 3 tree structures which were free spindle short shoot, free spindle long shoot and slenderspindle short shoot in Xingtang County of Hebai Province were investigated, then by SPSS anal- ysis, the correlations between the taperingness and each growth factor of inserted small branch were compared. The results showed that the taperingness of central trunk of free spindle dwarf-shoot Fuji apple treeshad negative correlations with each factor of inserted small branch, while the taperingness of central trunk of free spin- dle long-shoot Fuji apple treeshad positive correlations with each factor of inserted small branch, the taperingness of central trunk of slenderspindle short-shootFuji ap- ple treeshad negative correlation with total thickness of inserted small branch, but had positive correlations with other factors. This study can provide a scientifictheo- retical basis for the pruning technology of high-density planting trees grafting by dwarfing self-rooted rootstock.

Factors affecting relative humidity during wood vacuum drying

Effects of pressure and temperature in the chamber during vacuum drying on the relative humidity and evaporation of wood surface were investigated by using the vacuum chamber. The setting temperature during vacuum drying included dry-bulb temperature ta, the wet-bulb temperature tw and the temperature difference between the air in the vacuum chamber and the cooling water in the condenser. Results indicated that relative humidity during vacuum drying was affected by the dry-bulb temperature td, the wet-bulb temperature tw and the temperature difference between the air in the vacuum chamber and the water in the condenser. Relative humidity of wood decreased with the increase in temperature at the given temperature of the water in the condenser. The relative humidity was affected slightly by pressure in the vacuum chamber pA, and it decreased from 70% to 65% with pA increased from 50 kPa to 101 kPa. Moreover, there was nearly no evaporation under the vacuum without external heating.

Comprehensive security risk factor identification for small reservoirs with heterogeneous data based on grey relational analysis model

Identification of security risk factors for small reservoirs is the basis for implementation of early warning systems.The manner of identification of the factors for small reservoirs is of practical significance when data are incomplete.The existing grey relational models have some disadvantages in measuring the correlation between categorical data sequences.To this end,this paper introduces a new grey relational model to analyze heterogeneous data.In this study,a set of security risk factors for small reservoirs was first constructed based on theoretical analysis,and heterogeneous data of these factors were recorded as sequences.The sequences were regarded as random variables,and the information entropy and conditional entropy between sequences were measured to analyze the relational degree between risk factors.Then,a new grey relational analysis model for heterogeneous data was constructed,and a comprehensive security risk factor identification method was developed.A case study of small reservoirs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China shows that the model constructed in this study is applicable to security risk factor identification for small reservoirs with heterogeneous and sparse data.

Study on Self-consciousness of Children With Learning Disabilities and Related Factors

Objective To study the self-consciousness of children with learning disabilities (LD) and to identify related factors. Methods Five hundred and sixty pupils graded from 1 to 6 in an elementary school were investigated. According to the pupil rating scale revised screening for learning disabilities (PRS), combined Raven’s test (CRT) and achievement of main courses, 35 of 560 pupils were diagnosed as LD children. Thirty-five children were selected from the average children and 35 from advanced children in academic achievement equally matched in class, gender, and age with LD children as control groups. The three groups were tested by Piers-Harris children’s self-concept scale. Basic information of each subject was collected by self-made questionnaire. Results Compared with the average and advanced children, LD children got significantly lower scores in self-concept scale. Based on logistic regression analysis, 3 factors were identified, including family income per month, single child and delivery model. Conclusion The results suggest that self-consciousness of children with LD is lower than that of normal children.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein 1 knockdown attenuates hepatic ?brosis via the regulation of MMPs/TIMPs in mice

Background: Previous research suggested that insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein 1(IGFBPrP1), as a novel mediator, contributes to hepatic fibrogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases(MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases(TIMP) play an essential role in hepatic fibrogenesis by regulating homeostasis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix(ECM). However, the interaction between IGFBPrP1 and MMP/TIMP is not clear. The present study was to knockdown IGFBPrP1 to investigate the correlation between IGFBPrP1 and MMP/TIMP in hepatic fibrosis. Methods: Hepatic fibrosis was induced by thioacetamide(TAA) in mice. Knockdown of IGFBPrP1 expression by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-mediated CMB-shRNA-IGFBPrP1 delivery, or inhibition of the Hedgehog(Hh) pathway by cyclopamine treatment, was performed in TAA-induced liver fibrosis mice. Hepatic fibrosis was determined by hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining. Hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, α-smooth muscle actin( α-SMA), transforming growth factor β 1(TGF β1), collagen I, MMPs/TIMPs, Sonic Hedgehog(Shh), and glioblastoma family transcription factors(Gli1) were investigated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting analysis. Results: We found that hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, TGF β1, α-SMA, and collagen I were increased longitudinally in mice with TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis, concomitant with MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 imbalance and Hh pathway activation. Knockdown of IGFBPrP1 expression, or inhibition of the Hh pathway, reduced the hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, TGF β1, α-SMA, and collagen I and re-established MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 balance. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that IGFBPrP1 knockdown attenuates liver fibrosis by re-establishing MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 balance, concomitant with the inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation, down-regulation of TGF β1 expression, and degradation of the ECM. Furthermore, the Hh pathway mediates IGFBPrP1 knockdown-induced attenuation of hepatic fibrosis through the regulation of MMPs/TIMPs balance.

Recurrent acute pancreatitis and its relative factors

AIM: To evaluate the causes and the relative factors of recurrent acute pancreatitis.METHODS: From 1997 to 2000, acute pancreatitis relapsed in 77 of 245 acute pancreatitis patients. By reviewing the clinical treatment results and the follow-up data, we analyzed the recurrent factors of acute pancreatitis using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.RESULTS: Of the 245 acute pancreatitis patients, 77 were patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Of them, 56 patients relapsed two times, 19 relapsed three times, each patient relapsed three and four times. Forty-seven patients relapsed in hospital and the other 30 patients relapsed after discharge. Eighteen patients relapsed in 1 year, eight relapsed in 1-3 years, and four relapsed after 3 years. There were 48 cases of biliary pancreatitis, 3 of alcohol pancreatitis, 5 of hyperlipidemia pancreatitis, 21 of idiopathic pancreatitis. Univariate analysis showed that the patients with local complications of pancreas, obstructive jaundice and hepatic function injury were easy to recur during the treatment period of acute pancreatitis (P = 0.022＜0.05, P = 0.012＜0.05 and P = 0.002＜0.05, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that there was no single factor related to recurrence. Of the 47 patients who had recurrence in hospital, 16 had recurrence in a fast period, 31 after refeeding. CONCLUSION: Acute pancreatitis is easy to recur even during treatment. The factors such as changes of pancreas structure and uncontrolled systemic inflammatory reaction are responsible for the recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Early refeeding increases the recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Defining the etiology is essential for reducing the recurrence of acute pancreatitis.

Interaction between insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in primary hepatic stellate cells

BACKGROUND: We previously showed that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBPrP1) is a novel mediator in liver fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is known as the strongest effector of liver fibrosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the detailed interaction between IGFBPrP1 and TGF beta 1 in primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). METHODS: We overexpressed TGF beta 1 or IGFBPrP1 and inhibited TGF beta 1 expression in primary HSCs for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours to investigate their interaction and observe the accompanying expressions of a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen I, fibronectin, and phosphorylated-mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (p-Smad2/3). RESULTS: We found that the adenovirus vector encoding the TGF beta 1 gene (AdTGF beta 1) induced IGFBPrP1 expression while that of alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and TGF beta 1 increased gradually. Concomitantly, AdIGFBPrP1 upregulated TGF beta 1, alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and p-Smad2/3 in a time-dependent manner while IGFBPrP1 expression was decreased at 96 hours. Inhibition of TGF beta 1 expression reduced the IGFBPrP1-stimulated expression of alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and p-Smad2/3. CONCLUSIONS: These findings for the first time suggest the existence of a possible mutually regulation between IGFBPrP1 and TGF beta 1, which likely accelerates liver fibrosis progression. Furthermore, IGFBPrP1 likely participates in liver fibrosis in a TGF beta 1-depedent manner, and may act as an upstream regulatory factor of TGF beta 1 in the Smad pathway.

Grey Relational Analysis on the Effects of Rainfall Factors on Runoff and Sediment in the Sloping Farmland with Different Plants in the Central South of Shandong Province

[Objective] The aim was to study the main rainfall factors influencing runoff and sediment in the sloping farmland with different plants in the central south of Shandong Province.[Method] Through grey relational analysis,the effects of different rainfall factors on runoff and sediment with different plants in the central south of Shandong were studied.[Result] In the sloping farmland with different plants,the effects of rainfall factors on runoff and sediment weren’t consistent.Rainfall was the dominant influencing factor of runoff,but PI30 had the greatest influence on runoff in natural grassland.Meanwhile,rainfall intensity was the main influencing factor of sediment,but PI had the greatest influence on sediment in Astragalus adsurgens Pall.plot.The compound factor had the minimal influence on runoff and sediment in Arachis hypogaea plot and natural grassland.In A.adsurgens Pall.plot,rainfall intensity had the minimal impact on runoff,but the compound factor had the least effect on sediment.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical references for the comprehensive control of slope soil erosion,the optimum utilization and sustainable development of land.

Analysis of the psychological conditions and related factors of breast cancer patients

Sufferers of breast cancer are often plagued by various psychological problems. Mastectomy, which has a serious influence on the female sex characteristics, can bring about especially serious psychological problems. These problems affect not only the patients’ quality of life but also the beginning, development, and end of the disease. This paper reviewed the relationships between the patients’ personal factors, the disease itself, treatment factors, and other socio-psychological factors and psychological conditions so as to provide new ideas for the psychological intervention on breast cancer patients, comprehensive clinical diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and cure.

Risk factors related to chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

AIM: To evaluate the clinical factors related to chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: A retrospective case-control study. A total of 103 consecutive patients (103 eyes) with primary RRD were studied to evaluate the clinical factors related to chronic RRD. RESULTS: Chi-square test was used to sift out the following associated factors with chronic RRD: younger patients(P=0.0028), better preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, P=0.0316), atrophic retinal break (P<0.0001), inferior retinal break (P<0.0001), smaller break (P=0.0005); then the independent risk factors related to chronic RRD was determined by stepwise logistic regression analysis as following: atrophic retinal break (odds ratio (OR)=7.997, P=0.007), inferior retinal break (OR=14.127, P<0.0001) and better preoperative BCVA (OR=1.636 P<0.0722). CONCLUSION: Atrophic retinal break, inferior retinal break and better preoperative BCVA are the independent risk factors related to chronic RRD.

Integrating Factors and Conservation Theorems of Nonholonomic Dynamical System of Relative Motion

The integrating factors and conservation theorems of nonholonomic dynamical system of relative motion are studied. First, the dynamical equations of relative motion of system are written. Next, the definition of integrating factors is given, and the necessary conditions for the existence of the conserved quantities are studied in detail. Then, the conservation theorem and its inverse of system are established. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.

Family-relatedFactorsThatInfluenceChildren’sAcademicAchievementsinSchool

This essay studies various family-related factors that influence a child’s academic achievement in school in P.R. China. The factors are illustrated under three categories: the family’s social class and education, early home environment and family material condition. The author discusses the relevant factors by way of relating the knowledge of social environment to his own experiences as a student and then teacher in China. The essay closes with a discussion directing the public’s attention to the concern about home-related factors influencing a child’s academic achievements in school.

Spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of relative humidity in arid region of Northwest China during 1966–2017

Playing an important role in global warming and plant growth,relative humidity(RH)has profound impacts on production and living,and can be used as an integrated indicator for evaluating the wet-dry conditions in the arid and semi-arid area.However,information on the spatial-temporal variation and the influencing factors of RH in these regions is still limited.This study attempted to use daily meteorological data during 1966–2017 to reveal the spatial-temporal characteristics of RH in the arid region of Northwest China through rotated empirical orthogonal function and statistical analysis method,and the path analysis was used to clarify the impact of temperature(T),precipitation(P),actual evapotranspiration(ETa),wind speed(W)and sunshine duration(S)on RH.The results demonstrated that climatic conditions in North Xinjiang(NXJ)was more humid than those in Hexi Corridor(HXC)and South Xinjiang(SXJ).RH had a less significant downtrend in NXJ than that in HXC,but an increasingly rising trend was observed in SXJ during the last five decades,implying that HXC and NXJ were under the process of droughts,while SXJ was getting wetter.There was a turning point for the trend of RH in Xinjiang,which occurred in 2000.Path analysis indicated that RH was negatively correlated to T,ETa,W and S,but it increased with increase of P.S,T and W had the greatest direct effects on RH in HXC,NXJ and SXJ,respectively.ETa was the factor which had the greatest indirect effect on RH in HXC and NXJ,while T was the dominant factor in SXJ.

Realities of Reflective Practice Skill among Public Health Nurses in Japan and Related Learning and Lifestyle Factors

Background: According to the diversification of the health needs and the expansion of health disparities, it is necessary to raise their reflective practice skills so that PHNs present more appropriate activities. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the realities of reflective practice skills among public health nurses in Japan and identify related factors. Methods: This study covered 1725 public health nurses in the Chugoku/Shikoku area. We conducted an anonymous self-completed questionnaire survey. As reflective practice skills (RPS), we adopted the six components of the six cycles of the Gibbs reflective model. We used the 20 criteria of the Scale for Practical Competence (SPC). We set 25 learning history/daily lifestyle items. The study plan was approved by the Ethics Committee of Okayama University. Results: We analyzed the 962 (55.8%) valid responses. Although years of experience as a public health nurse was highly correlated with practical skills as measured by SPC, with a correlation coefficient of 0.627, it was not closely related with RPS, with a correlation coefficient as low as 0.129. A logistic regression analysis of the eight learning history items and six daily lifestyle items associated with RPS, with the introduction of the high/low RPS groups as dependent variables, showed a convergence to five factors (odds ratio of 1.38 - 2.29). Conclusions: Going forward, we will need to consider how to accumulate learning on a daily basis and how to include positive health practice in PHN education, in connection with exploring the curriculum and method of training.

Effects of Yinzhihuang oral liquid and albumin on bilirubin, inflammatory factors, immune indexes and related factors in neonatal pathologic jaundice

Objective: To explore the effects of Yinzhihuang oral liquid and albumin on bilirubin, inflammatory factors, immune indexes and related factors in neonatal pathologic jaundice. Methods: A total of 134 neonates with pathologic jaundice admitted to our hospital from May 2017 to April 2018 were randomly selected as the control group (n=67) and the observation group (n=67), the control group was treated with albumin, the observation group was treated with Yinzhihuang Oral Liquid on the basis of the control group. The bilirubin, inflammatory factors, immune indicators, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and transferrin (TRF) were compared and analyzed before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the levels of TBIL, DBIL and IBIL in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of TBIL, DBIL and IBIL [(118.60±10.85) μmol/L, (6.95±1.52) μmol/L, (115.30±14.20)μmol/L] in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group;the levels of CRP and IL-6 in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of CRP and IL-6 [(8.26±2.07) mg/L, (12.69±2.15) pg/mL] in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05);the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), while the levels of CD8+ was significantly lower than that before treatment, the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ [(47.08±5.70)%, (2.08±0.41)] in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and the level of CD8+ [(22.90±2.05)%] was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05);the levels of AFP in significantly higher than before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of AFP [(12.69±3.04)mg/L] in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), the levels of TRF [(2.02±0.35) g/L] were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The combination of Yinzhihuang oral liquid and albumin can effectively reduce the bilirubin level in neonatal jaundice, inhibit its inflammatory reaction, enhance the cellular immune function and improve the expression of AFP and TRF, which is of clinical significance.

A Review of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Symptoms, Risk Factors, Treatment, and Health Related Quality of Life Issues

In this paper, we present a thorough review of one of the most life-threatening autoimmune diseases, Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus). Symptoms, risk factors, including genetic and epidemiological factors are discussed. Treatment, life expectancies, and Health Related Quality of Life of patients with SLE will be discussed as well. Special attention will be given to Lupus Nephritis.