Background Erythropoietin elicits protective effects in lung tissue injury induced by ischaemic reperfusion and hyperoxia. We investigated the protective roles of erythropoietin in pulmonary inflammation and lung inju...Background Erythropoietin elicits protective effects in lung tissue injury induced by ischaemic reperfusion and hyperoxia. We investigated the protective roles of erythropoietin in pulmonary inflammation and lung injury during acute endotoxaemia.Methods A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups： saline group, erythropoietin＋saline group, saline＋lipopolysaccharide group and erythropoietin＋lipopolysaccharide group. Rats were treated with erythropoietin （3000 U/kg, i.p.） or saline, 30 minutes prior to lipopolysaccharide administration （6 mg/kg, i.v.）. Four hours after lipopolysaccharide injection, samples of pulmonary tissue were collected. Optical microscopy was performed to examine pathological changes in lungs. Wet/dry （W/D） ratios, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde concentrations and tumour necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） as well as interleukin 1 beta （IL-1β） levels in lungs were measured. The pulmonary expression of nuclear factor kappaB （NF-κB） p65 was evaluated by Western blotting. Differences between the different groups were analysed by one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）.Results The lung tissues from the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group were significantly damaged, which were less pronounced in the erythropoietin＋lipopolysaccharide group. The W/D ratio increased significantly in the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group （5.75±0.22） as compared with the saline group （3.85±0.20） （P 〈0.01）, which was significantly reduced in the erythropoietin＋lipopolysaccharide group （4.50±0.35） （P 〈0.01）. Myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels increased significantly in the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group compared with the saline group, which was reduced in the erythropoietin ＋ lipopolysaccharide group. The TNF-α level of pulmonary tissue increased significantly in the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group （（9.80±0.82） pg/mg protein） compared with the saline group （（4.20=L-0.42） pg/mg protein, P 〈0.01）. However, the increase of TNF-α level of pulmonary tissue was significantly reduced in the erythropoietin＋lipopolysaccharide group （（6.50±0.66） pg/mg protein, P 〈0.01）. Similarly, pulmonary IL-1β levels were elevated markedly in the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group in contrast to the saline group, whereas the elevation was much less in the erythropoietin＋lipopolysaccharide group. The nuclear localization of p65 increased markedly in the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group and this enhancement of nuclear p65 expression was much less in the erythropoietin＋lipopolysacchadde group.Conclusion Erythropoietin attenuates pulmonary inflammation and suppresses TNF-α and IL-1β overproduction during acute endotoxaemia, which is partially mediated by inhibition of NF-KB.展开更多
The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) is widespread worldwide thanks to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, even more attention is placed upon the recurrence of dige...The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) is widespread worldwide thanks to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, even more attention is placed upon the recurrence of digestive system complications in the course of their use. Recent data suggests that the complications of the lower gastro-intestinal tract may be as frequent and severe as those of the upper tract. NSAIDs enteropathy is due to enterohepatic recycling of the drugs resulting in a prolonged and repeated exposure of the intestinal mucosa to the compound and its metabolites. Thus leading to so-called topical effects, which, in turn, lead to an impairment of the intestinal barrier. This process determines bacterial translocation and toxic substances of intestinal origin in the portal circulation, leading to an endotoxaemia. This condition could determine a liver inflammatory response and might promote the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, mostly in patients with risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and a high fat diet, which may induce a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis. This alteration of gut microbiota may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related disorders in two ways: firstly causing a malfunction of the tight junctions that play a critical role in the increase of intestinal permeability, and then secondly leading to the development of insulin resistance, body weight gain, lipogenesis, fibrogenesis and hepatic oxidative stress.展开更多
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30571787）.
文摘Background Erythropoietin elicits protective effects in lung tissue injury induced by ischaemic reperfusion and hyperoxia. We investigated the protective roles of erythropoietin in pulmonary inflammation and lung injury during acute endotoxaemia.Methods A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups： saline group, erythropoietin＋saline group, saline＋lipopolysaccharide group and erythropoietin＋lipopolysaccharide group. Rats were treated with erythropoietin （3000 U/kg, i.p.） or saline, 30 minutes prior to lipopolysaccharide administration （6 mg/kg, i.v.）. Four hours after lipopolysaccharide injection, samples of pulmonary tissue were collected. Optical microscopy was performed to examine pathological changes in lungs. Wet/dry （W/D） ratios, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde concentrations and tumour necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） as well as interleukin 1 beta （IL-1β） levels in lungs were measured. The pulmonary expression of nuclear factor kappaB （NF-κB） p65 was evaluated by Western blotting. Differences between the different groups were analysed by one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）.Results The lung tissues from the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group were significantly damaged, which were less pronounced in the erythropoietin＋lipopolysaccharide group. The W/D ratio increased significantly in the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group （5.75±0.22） as compared with the saline group （3.85±0.20） （P 〈0.01）, which was significantly reduced in the erythropoietin＋lipopolysaccharide group （4.50±0.35） （P 〈0.01）. Myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels increased significantly in the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group compared with the saline group, which was reduced in the erythropoietin ＋ lipopolysaccharide group. The TNF-α level of pulmonary tissue increased significantly in the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group （（9.80±0.82） pg/mg protein） compared with the saline group （（4.20=L-0.42） pg/mg protein, P 〈0.01）. However, the increase of TNF-α level of pulmonary tissue was significantly reduced in the erythropoietin＋lipopolysaccharide group （（6.50±0.66） pg/mg protein, P 〈0.01）. Similarly, pulmonary IL-1β levels were elevated markedly in the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group in contrast to the saline group, whereas the elevation was much less in the erythropoietin＋lipopolysaccharide group. The nuclear localization of p65 increased markedly in the saline＋lipopolysaccharide group and this enhancement of nuclear p65 expression was much less in the erythropoietin＋lipopolysacchadde group.Conclusion Erythropoietin attenuates pulmonary inflammation and suppresses TNF-α and IL-1β overproduction during acute endotoxaemia, which is partially mediated by inhibition of NF-KB.
文摘The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) is widespread worldwide thanks to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, even more attention is placed upon the recurrence of digestive system complications in the course of their use. Recent data suggests that the complications of the lower gastro-intestinal tract may be as frequent and severe as those of the upper tract. NSAIDs enteropathy is due to enterohepatic recycling of the drugs resulting in a prolonged and repeated exposure of the intestinal mucosa to the compound and its metabolites. Thus leading to so-called topical effects, which, in turn, lead to an impairment of the intestinal barrier. This process determines bacterial translocation and toxic substances of intestinal origin in the portal circulation, leading to an endotoxaemia. This condition could determine a liver inflammatory response and might promote the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, mostly in patients with risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and a high fat diet, which may induce a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis. This alteration of gut microbiota may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related disorders in two ways: firstly causing a malfunction of the tight junctions that play a critical role in the increase of intestinal permeability, and then secondly leading to the development of insulin resistance, body weight gain, lipogenesis, fibrogenesis and hepatic oxidative stress.
