Endovascular stent-grafts for acute and chronic type B aortic dissection: comparison of clinical outcomes

Objective To evaluate the early and mid-term results of endovascular repair for acute and chronic type B aortic dissection, and to compare the clinical outcomes between the 2 groups. Methods From May 2002 to December 2006, 50 patients with type B aortic dissection were treated by endovascular stent-graft. There were 23 patients in the acute aortic dissection (AAD) group and 27 patients in the chronic aortic dissection (CAD) group. All patients were followed up from 1 to 54 months (average, 17±16 months).The immediate and follow-up clinical outcomes were documented and compared between the 2 groups. Results Placement of endovascular stent-grafts across the primary entry tears was technically successful in all 50 patients. Compared to the CAD group, the AAD group had a higher percentage of pleural effusion (17.4% vs. 0%, P=0.04) and visceral /leg ischemia (26.1% vs 3.7%, P=0.04). Procedure related complications, including endoleak and post-implantation syndrome, occurred more frequently in the AAD group than in the CAD group (21.7% vs 3.7% and 30.4% vs 11.1%, respectively; P=0.08 and P=0.04). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no difference in the survival rate at 4 years between the 2 groups (86.4% vs 92.3%, P=0.42 by log-rank test). However, the event-free survival rate was higher in patients with chronic dissection than in patients with acute aortic dissection(96.2% vs 73.9%; P=0.02 by log-rank test). Conclu- sions Endovascular repair with stent-graft was safe and effective for the treatment of both acute and chronic type B aortic dissection. However, both immediate and long term major complications occurred more frequently in patients with acute dissection than in those with chronic dissection.

Endovascular treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms: From intentional occlusion of the internal iliac artery to branch iliac stent graft

Approximately 20%-40% of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms can have unilateral or bilateral iliac artery aneurysms and/or ectasia. This influences and compromises the distal sealing zone during endovascular aneurysm repair. There are a few endovascular techniques that are used to treat these types of aneurysms, including intentional occlusion/over-stenting of the internal iliac artery on one or both sides, the "bell-bottom" technique, and the more recent method of using an iliac branch stent graft. In some cases, other options include the "snorkel and sandwich" technique and hybrid interventions. Pelvic ischemia, represented as buttock claudication, has been reported in 16%-55% of cases; this is followed by impotence, which has been described in 10%-17% of cases following internal iliac artery occlusion. The bellbottom technique can be used for a common iliac artery up to 24 mm in diameter given that the largest diameter of the stent graft is 28 mm. There is a paucity of data and evidence regarding the "snorkel and sandwich" technique, which can be used in a few clinical scenarios. The hybrid intervention is comprised of a surgical operation, and is not purely endovascular. The newest branch stent graft technology enables preservation of the anterograde flow of important side branches. Technical success with the newest technique ranges from 85%-96.3%, and in some small series, technical success is 100%. Buttock claudication was reported in up to 4% of patients treated with a branch stent graft at 5-year follow-up. Mid- and short-term follow-up results showed branch patency of up to 88% during the 5-6-year period. Furthermore, branch graft occlusion is a potential complication, and it has been described to occur in 1.2%-11% of cases. Iliac branch stent graft placement represents a further development in endovascular medicine, and it has a high technical success rate without serious complications.

Total endovascular repair of an intraoperative stent-graft deployed in the false lumen of Stanford type A aortic dissection: A case report

BACKGROUND A 46-year-old male underwent ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection in 2016.However,an intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen inadvertently.This caused severe iatrogenic thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection,and the dissection involved many visceral arteries.CASE SUMMARY The patient had pain in the chest and back for 1 mo.A computed tomography scan showed that the patient had secondary thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection.The ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection were performed 2 years prior.An intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen.Endovascular aneurysm repair was performed to address this intractable situation.An occluder was used to occlude the proximal end of the true lumen,and a covered stent was used to direct blood flow back to the true lumen.A three-dimensional printing technique was used in this operation to guide prefenestration.The computed tomography scan at the 1stmo after surgery showed that the thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection was repaired,with all visceral arteries remaining patent.The patient did not develop renal failure or neurological complications after surgery.CONCLUSION The total endovascular repair for false lumen stent-graft implantation was feasible and minimally invasive.Our procedures provided a new solution for stent-graft deployed in the false lumen,and other departments may be inspired by this case when they need to rescue a disastrous stent implantation.

Custom Made Fenestrated Stent Graft Collapse after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: A Case Report

We present a case of stent graft collapse after performing thoracic endovascular aortic repair with a custom-made fenestrated stent graft. The patient was a 70-year-old woman with an asymptomatic aneurysm of the distal aortic arch, and thoracic endovascular aortic repair was performed. The patient showed a blood pressure difference between the left arm and the right arm on postoperative day (POD) 17 prompting the performance of a chest computed tomography scan which revealed stent graft collapse. She then underwent staged debranching of thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Stent graft collapse is a rare but well-described complication of thoracic endovascular repair. Therefore, patients who undergo such a procedure should be carefully monitored for signs and symptoms, which suggest the possibility of stent collapse.

Angioscopic Observation of an Endoluminal Stent Graft: CT Imaging versus Angioscopic Imaging

We could observe the endoluminal stent graft (SG) following thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) by a coronary artery angioscope and establish intravascular visualization of SG. The patient was a 70-year-old woman with the distal aortic arch aneurysm and the descending aortic aneurysm, and debranching TEVAR were performed. After 12 months follow up, urgent hospitalization was required for chest pain, and cardiac catheter examination with a coronary artery angioscope was performed. The endoluminal SG was observed. The observation in angioscope which is a video image is better than CT that is a still image, and observation in blood vessel or SG is possible. It may be possible to observe the endoluminal SG, allowing potential investigation of an endoleak, or the covering status of the SG with the native aortic vessel wall, or the state of intimal membrane formation in the endoluminal graft.

Viabahn Stent Graft for Inadvertent Insertion of a Central Venous Catheter in the Subclavian Artery

Subclavian artery (SCA) injuries associated with central venous catheter (CVC) insertion are uncommon yet lethal complications that typically require surgical treatment. This case report presents the case of a 94-year-old man with an iatrogenic right SCA injury resulting from a misplaced CVC. Computed tomography revealed the catheter piercing the right internal jugular vein to enter the right SCA and then reaching the aortic arch. Emergent endovascular treatment was performed, and a 13-mm × 50-mm self-expanding Viabahn stent graft (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) was placed via the right brachial artery. The misplaced catheter was successfully removed under simultaneous postdeployment balloon dilatation. This case highlights the utility of the Viabahn stent graft for iatrogenic right SCA injury caused by a misplaced CVC and presents some insights and tips for a safer procedure.

Short-term efficacy of unibody single-branched stent in the treatment of lesions involving the left subclavian artery:two-year follow-up outcomes

The development of thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)technology avoids the risk of patients opening the chest and is widely used in Stanford B-type dissection.[1–3]However,because TEVAR technology has clear requirements for vascular anatomy of the lesion,it limits its application to some patients.In the shortcomings of the proximal anchor zone,coverage of the left subclavian artery(LSA)origin without revascularization during TEVAR appears to have increased risk of stroke,upper extremity ischemia and paraplegia.[4]

Endovascular repair of type B aortic dissection: a study by computational fluid dynamics

Aortic dissection is a dangerous pathological condition where blood intrudes into the layers of the arterial walls, creating an artificial channel (false lumen). In the absence of thrombosis or surgical intervention, blood will enter the false lumen through the proximal tear, and join the true lumen again through a distal tear. Rupture of the weakened outer wall will result in extremely high mortality rates. Type B thoracic aortic dissection (TAD), occurring along the descending aorta, can be repaired surgically by the deployment of an endovascular stent graft, concealing the proximal entry tear. Blood might still flow into the false lumen (FL) through the distal tear. The domain of such flow should be minimized, as complete thrombosis of the FL is generally believed to be more beneficial for the patient. The dependence on the area ratios of the lumens and size of these tears is studied by computational fluid dynamics.

Case Report of a Pseudoaneurysm of Ascending Aorta Treated by Stent

Pseudoaneurysms of the ascending aorta are a rare complication of aortic and cardiac surgery. In this article, we present a clinical case of a 56-year-old patient with a fortuitous diagnosis of a pseudoaneurysm of ascending aorta that was treated by an endovascular stent-graft. We discuss in this article the diagnostic and therapeutic aspect of the case and the place of endovascular treatment for the ascending aorta.

Obstruction of a Popliteal Artery Stent of a Patient with Popoiteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome

We encountered a popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) patient who was treated with stent placement for popliteal artery without correcting an abnormal muscular structure that compresses popliteal artery in another institution. The popliteal artery stent was occluded one year after the stent placement. The patient was treated with bypass graft by reversed saphenous vein. Interventionists should be cautious with stent placements for popliteal artery without adjusting the anomalous musculotendinous structure in patients with PAES.

覆膜支架腔内修复术对StanfordB型主动脉夹层治疗效果与安全性的Meta分析

目的使用Meta分析的方法系统评价覆膜支架腔内修复术对Stanford B型主动脉夹层(TBAD)的治疗效果与安全性。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、the Cochrane Library和Web of Science等中英文数据库,收集覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗TBAD的随机对照试验(RCTs),检索时间为建库至2023年10月31日。对纳入文献进行质量评价并提取数据,应用Stata 16.0和RevMan 5.4软件对各项结局指标进行Meta分析。结果共纳入13篇RCTs进行Meta分析,包括1114例TBAD患者,其中575例接受覆膜支架腔内修复术。Meta分析结果显示,接受覆膜支架腔内修复术的试验组在生存率(OR=6.51,95%CI:3.50~12.11,P<0.01),再次手术或介入率(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.21~0.52,P<0.01),天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(MD=-23.02 U/L,95%CI:-25.01~-21.03,P<0.01)、丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(MD=-14.28 U/L,95%CI:-15.58~-12.99,P<0.01)、血尿素氮(MD=-1.35 mmol/L,95%CI:-1.63~-1.06,P<0.01)和肌酐(MD=-23.43 mmol/L,95%CI:-26.30~-20.57,P<0.01)等肝肾功能指标上较对照组均显著改善。试验组TBAD患者内漏(OR=6.11,95%CI:0.73~51.34,P=0.10)和血管梗塞(OR=3.00,95%CI:0.31~29.16,P=0.34)的发生率与对照组差异无统计学意义;试验组脑梗塞(OR=0.14,95%CI:0.03~0.65,P=0.01)、肝肾功能障碍(OR=0.22,95%CI:0.07~0.74,P=0.01)和总并发症发生率(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.17~0.54,P<0.01)低于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义。结论覆膜支架腔内修复术可有效改善TBAD患者的生存率,降低再次手术或介入率,在整体并发症上具有较好的安全性,在具体并发症方面尚需更多高质量文献进一步验证。

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后主动脉扩张性病变的研究进展

胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)目前是Stanford B型主动脉夹层(type B aortic dissection,TBAD)的主要治疗方法,当下治疗原则以封堵近端破口为主,而旷置远端破口导致假腔血栓化受阻;主动脉形态及支架远端弹性应力变化,导致管腔局部点压力扩大,形成新发破口或再发夹层导致假腔瘤样扩张,甚至急性破裂致死。术后应通过定期CTA随访,严密监测支架远端管径变化、残留破口直径及假腔血栓化程度。本文通过总结国内外文献,对TEVAR后主动脉扩张性病变的发病原因、机制及处理方法等进行归纳并作综述。

介入技术治疗腹部脏器出血的应用价值

目的探讨腹部脏器出血介入技术的应用价值。方法 2009年6月至2011年6月收治36例腹部脏器出血患者,行急诊介入栓塞或血管腔内隔绝术,其中肝脏假性动脉瘤10例,胃溃疡出血3例,小肠假性动脉瘤3例,肾脏假性动脉瘤12例,肾脏血管畸形5例,瘢痕妊娠出血3例。结果 36例均行相应脏器出血动脉及分支栓塞或血管腔内隔绝术,止血成功率100%,未发生脏器功能严重损害等并发症。结论腹部脏器出血介入治疗安全、有效,针对实质或空腔脏器应采用个性化的介入技术和栓塞材料。

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层——116例临床分析

目的 探讨腔内隔绝术 (EVGE)治疗 Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的手术指征、术前评估方法、手术操作技巧、并发症防治原则及临床应用前景。 方法 对自 1998年 9月至 2 0 0 1年 12月间施行的 116例 Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤 EVGE进行了回顾性研究。术前 CT血管造影 (CTA)或磁共振血管造影 (MRA)显示 :夹层动脉瘤最大直径平均 6 6 .2± 18.1mm,72例患者表现为单一夹层裂口 ,4 4例表现为多裂口。经股动脉或髂动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口 ,手术在数字剪影血管造影 (DSA)监视下完成。 结果 术中移植物成功释放 115例 ,72例单一夹层裂口患者中 6 2例使用单一移植物 ,8例使用 2个移植物 ,2例使用 3个移植物 ,6例手术结束时残存 I型内漏 ;4 4例多夹层裂口者 ,18例使用 2个移植物同时封闭不同部位夹层裂口 ,2 6例远端夹层裂口旷置 ,1例中转开胸手术。平均随访时间 15 .4± 11.2个月 ,围手术期死亡 6例 ,其余病例术后无心、肺、肾功能衰竭及截瘫等严重并发症 ;术后 11个月猝死 1例 ,2例分别于术后 14个月和 2 4个月再发 Stanford A型胸主动脉夹层而行 Bentall手术 ,其余患者未出现与夹层及手术相关的并发症。 结论 EVGE治疗 Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种创伤小。

Stanford B型主动脉夹层覆膜支架血管腔内修复术后的中、远期严重并发症

目的评价应用覆膜支架血管腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层后的中、远期严重并发症。方法 2005年1月—2011年1月,189例症状性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者接受覆膜支架血管腔内修复术治疗,其中男157例,女32例。分析治疗术后中、远期严重并发症的发生率。结果随访时间平均为32个月(3～63个月),随访率71.43%(135/189),失访率28.57%(54/189)。术后中、远期随访,19例(19/135,14.07%)发生严重并发症,包括死亡8例(8/135,5.93%),截瘫2例(2/135,1.48%),Stanford B型夹层转为逆行性Stanford A型夹层2例(2/135,1.48%),严重内瘘7例(7/135,5.19%)。结论覆膜支架血管腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层与外科手术相比较有重要意义,但术后严重的并发症仍时有发生,应该引起重视。

血管内覆膜支架植入术治疗B型主动脉壁内血肿：术后MDCT随访

目的通过MDCT定期随访,评估血管内覆膜支架植入术(ESGT)治疗Stanford B型主动脉壁内血肿(IMH)的效果。方法回顾性分析接受ESGT治疗的17例B型IMH患者的资料。术后随访中,对所有患者行2次以上主动脉MDCT检查。结果 17例经ESGT治疗的B型IMH患者中,6例血肿完全吸收,9例明显吸收,2例血肿部分吸收。随访过程中无死亡病例,无并发症出现。结论 ESGT治疗B型IMH安全有效;MDCT可以作为重要的影像学随访方法。

多层螺旋CT主动脉造影在主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术前及术后的应用评估

目的评价多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)对主动脉夹层术前诊断和腔内隔绝术后评估的价值。方法应用多层螺旋CT对25例主动脉夹层患者进行检查诊断,并行主动脉腔内隔绝术前评估及术后随访,将结果与DSA造影进行比较。结果与动脉瘤腔内隔绝术前DSA对照,MSCTA对主动脉夹层的诊断符合率达100%,依据其测量数据选定的内膜支架规格、型号、经手术证实完全符合要求,MSCTA共显示破口50个,DSA显示破口31个;两者在显示破口方面差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.959,P=0.015),术后随访有1例发生内漏,发生率为4%。结论多层螺旋CT血管造影对主动脉夹层的诊断、主动脉腔内隔绝术及术后评估的价值要优于DSA,可作为首选的影像检查手段。

覆膜支架血管腔内修复术后不可忽视的严重并发症--逆行性A型夹层

目的重视逆行性A型夹层发生的可能原因和预防方法。方法 2005年1月至2011年1月,对189例症状性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者进行覆膜支架血管腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗,其中男157例,女32例,年龄26～78岁,平均(51.2±13.5)岁。135例随访3～63个月,平均32个月,随访率71.43%,54例失访,失访率28.57%。统计TEVAR术后逆行性A型夹层发生率,分析可能出现的原因。结果 TEVAR术后2例(1.48%)发生逆行性A型夹层,均为男性患者,其中1例发生于围手术期,拒绝外科手术,保守治疗超过3年,目前存活。另1例发生于TEVAR术后1个月,急诊实施外科手术,随访3个月,目前存活。结论覆膜支架系统、术中相关操作对血管壁的作用以及血管壁自身病变是TEVAR术后发生逆行性A型夹层的重要原因。其中,支架对血管壁的直接作用而诱发的A型夹层,尤其值得我们关注。

覆膜支架治疗12例假性动脉瘤的体会

目的评估覆膜支架治疗假性动脉瘤的疗效。方法 2008年3月至2011年6月收治假性动脉瘤患者86例,其中12例采用覆膜支架腔内治疗。发病部位在胸主动脉4例,腹主动脉3例(1例肾上型,2例肾下型),颈总动脉3例,颈内动脉1例,右锁骨下动脉1例。术后对12例患者的疗效进行观察,并随访5～43个月。结果支架释放技术成功率为100%,所有12例假性动脉瘤植入覆膜支架后被立即隔绝,无内漏,载瘤动脉远端血流通畅。除1例失访外,其余11例平均随访23.5个月。1例合并白塞病患者术后4个月因腹主动脉破裂大出血死亡,其余10例随访结果良好,支架无狭窄、无移位、无内漏等相关并发症。结论应用覆膜支架治疗假性动脉瘤近期疗效良好,但远期疗效还需进一步观察。

介入性股动脉动静脉瘘4例的临床研究

目的探讨股动脉动静脉瘘的介入治疗方法。方法4例患者经彩色多普勒确诊为股动脉动静脉瘘,其中3例行超声定位下探头压迫,1例行带膜支架置入术。结果4例患者均治疗成功,术后无复发及并发症。结论超声定位下压迫股动脉动静脉瘘简便、有效,值得临床广泛应用。对于瘘口较大的患者,需考虑行带膜支架置入或外科修补术。