Custom Made Fenestrated Stent Graft Collapse after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: A Case Report

We present a case of stent graft collapse after performing thoracic endovascular aortic repair with a custom-made fenestrated stent graft. The patient was a 70-year-old woman with an asymptomatic aneurysm of the distal aortic arch, and thoracic endovascular aortic repair was performed. The patient showed a blood pressure difference between the left arm and the right arm on postoperative day (POD) 17 prompting the performance of a chest computed tomography scan which revealed stent graft collapse. She then underwent staged debranching of thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Stent graft collapse is a rare but well-described complication of thoracic endovascular repair. Therefore, patients who undergo such a procedure should be carefully monitored for signs and symptoms, which suggest the possibility of stent collapse.

Endovascular stent-grafts for acute and chronic type B aortic dissection: comparison of clinical outcomes

Objective To evaluate the early and mid-term results of endovascular repair for acute and chronic type B aortic dissection, and to compare the clinical outcomes between the 2 groups. Methods From May 2002 to December 2006, 50 patients with type B aortic dissection were treated by endovascular stent-graft. There were 23 patients in the acute aortic dissection (AAD) group and 27 patients in the chronic aortic dissection (CAD) group. All patients were followed up from 1 to 54 months (average, 17±16 months).The immediate and follow-up clinical outcomes were documented and compared between the 2 groups. Results Placement of endovascular stent-grafts across the primary entry tears was technically successful in all 50 patients. Compared to the CAD group, the AAD group had a higher percentage of pleural effusion (17.4% vs. 0%, P=0.04) and visceral /leg ischemia (26.1% vs 3.7%, P=0.04). Procedure related complications, including endoleak and post-implantation syndrome, occurred more frequently in the AAD group than in the CAD group (21.7% vs 3.7% and 30.4% vs 11.1%, respectively; P=0.08 and P=0.04). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no difference in the survival rate at 4 years between the 2 groups (86.4% vs 92.3%, P=0.42 by log-rank test). However, the event-free survival rate was higher in patients with chronic dissection than in patients with acute aortic dissection(96.2% vs 73.9%; P=0.02 by log-rank test). Conclu- sions Endovascular repair with stent-graft was safe and effective for the treatment of both acute and chronic type B aortic dissection. However, both immediate and long term major complications occurred more frequently in patients with acute dissection than in those with chronic dissection.

Endovascular treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms: From intentional occlusion of the internal iliac artery to branch iliac stent graft

Approximately 20%-40% of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms can have unilateral or bilateral iliac artery aneurysms and/or ectasia. This influences and compromises the distal sealing zone during endovascular aneurysm repair. There are a few endovascular techniques that are used to treat these types of aneurysms, including intentional occlusion/over-stenting of the internal iliac artery on one or both sides, the "bell-bottom" technique, and the more recent method of using an iliac branch stent graft. In some cases, other options include the "snorkel and sandwich" technique and hybrid interventions. Pelvic ischemia, represented as buttock claudication, has been reported in 16%-55% of cases; this is followed by impotence, which has been described in 10%-17% of cases following internal iliac artery occlusion. The bellbottom technique can be used for a common iliac artery up to 24 mm in diameter given that the largest diameter of the stent graft is 28 mm. There is a paucity of data and evidence regarding the "snorkel and sandwich" technique, which can be used in a few clinical scenarios. The hybrid intervention is comprised of a surgical operation, and is not purely endovascular. The newest branch stent graft technology enables preservation of the anterograde flow of important side branches. Technical success with the newest technique ranges from 85%-96.3%, and in some small series, technical success is 100%. Buttock claudication was reported in up to 4% of patients treated with a branch stent graft at 5-year follow-up. Mid- and short-term follow-up results showed branch patency of up to 88% during the 5-6-year period. Furthermore, branch graft occlusion is a potential complication, and it has been described to occur in 1.2%-11% of cases. Iliac branch stent graft placement represents a further development in endovascular medicine, and it has a high technical success rate without serious complications.

Total endovascular repair of an intraoperative stent-graft deployed in the false lumen of Stanford type A aortic dissection: A case report

BACKGROUND A 46-year-old male underwent ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection in 2016.However,an intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen inadvertently.This caused severe iatrogenic thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection,and the dissection involved many visceral arteries.CASE SUMMARY The patient had pain in the chest and back for 1 mo.A computed tomography scan showed that the patient had secondary thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection.The ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection were performed 2 years prior.An intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen.Endovascular aneurysm repair was performed to address this intractable situation.An occluder was used to occlude the proximal end of the true lumen,and a covered stent was used to direct blood flow back to the true lumen.A three-dimensional printing technique was used in this operation to guide prefenestration.The computed tomography scan at the 1stmo after surgery showed that the thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection was repaired,with all visceral arteries remaining patent.The patient did not develop renal failure or neurological complications after surgery.CONCLUSION The total endovascular repair for false lumen stent-graft implantation was feasible and minimally invasive.Our procedures provided a new solution for stent-graft deployed in the false lumen,and other departments may be inspired by this case when they need to rescue a disastrous stent implantation.

Angioscopic Observation of an Endoluminal Stent Graft: CT Imaging versus Angioscopic Imaging

We could observe the endoluminal stent graft (SG) following thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) by a coronary artery angioscope and establish intravascular visualization of SG. The patient was a 70-year-old woman with the distal aortic arch aneurysm and the descending aortic aneurysm, and debranching TEVAR were performed. After 12 months follow up, urgent hospitalization was required for chest pain, and cardiac catheter examination with a coronary artery angioscope was performed. The endoluminal SG was observed. The observation in angioscope which is a video image is better than CT that is a still image, and observation in blood vessel or SG is possible. It may be possible to observe the endoluminal SG, allowing potential investigation of an endoleak, or the covering status of the SG with the native aortic vessel wall, or the state of intimal membrane formation in the endoluminal graft.

Viabahn Stent Graft for Inadvertent Insertion of a Central Venous Catheter in the Subclavian Artery

Subclavian artery (SCA) injuries associated with central venous catheter (CVC) insertion are uncommon yet lethal complications that typically require surgical treatment. This case report presents the case of a 94-year-old man with an iatrogenic right SCA injury resulting from a misplaced CVC. Computed tomography revealed the catheter piercing the right internal jugular vein to enter the right SCA and then reaching the aortic arch. Emergent endovascular treatment was performed, and a 13-mm × 50-mm self-expanding Viabahn stent graft (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) was placed via the right brachial artery. The misplaced catheter was successfully removed under simultaneous postdeployment balloon dilatation. This case highlights the utility of the Viabahn stent graft for iatrogenic right SCA injury caused by a misplaced CVC and presents some insights and tips for a safer procedure.

Case Report of a Pseudoaneurysm of Ascending Aorta Treated by Stent

Pseudoaneurysms of the ascending aorta are a rare complication of aortic and cardiac surgery. In this article, we present a clinical case of a 56-year-old patient with a fortuitous diagnosis of a pseudoaneurysm of ascending aorta that was treated by an endovascular stent-graft. We discuss in this article the diagnostic and therapeutic aspect of the case and the place of endovascular treatment for the ascending aorta.

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后主动脉扩张性病变的研究进展

胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)目前是Stanford B型主动脉夹层(type B aortic dissection,TBAD)的主要治疗方法,当下治疗原则以封堵近端破口为主,而旷置远端破口导致假腔血栓化受阻;主动脉形态及支架远端弹性应力变化,导致管腔局部点压力扩大,形成新发破口或再发夹层导致假腔瘤样扩张,甚至急性破裂致死。术后应通过定期CTA随访,严密监测支架远端管径变化、残留破口直径及假腔血栓化程度。本文通过总结国内外文献,对TEVAR后主动脉扩张性病变的发病原因、机制及处理方法等进行归纳并作综述。

Short-term efficacy of unibody single-branched stent in the treatment of lesions involving the left subclavian artery:two-year follow-up outcomes

The development of thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)technology avoids the risk of patients opening the chest and is widely used in Stanford B-type dissection.[1–3]However,because TEVAR technology has clear requirements for vascular anatomy of the lesion,it limits its application to some patients.In the shortcomings of the proximal anchor zone,coverage of the left subclavian artery(LSA)origin without revascularization during TEVAR appears to have increased risk of stroke,upper extremity ischemia and paraplegia.[4]

Endovascular repair of type B aortic dissection: a study by computational fluid dynamics

Aortic dissection is a dangerous pathological condition where blood intrudes into the layers of the arterial walls, creating an artificial channel (false lumen). In the absence of thrombosis or surgical intervention, blood will enter the false lumen through the proximal tear, and join the true lumen again through a distal tear. Rupture of the weakened outer wall will result in extremely high mortality rates. Type B thoracic aortic dissection (TAD), occurring along the descending aorta, can be repaired surgically by the deployment of an endovascular stent graft, concealing the proximal entry tear. Blood might still flow into the false lumen (FL) through the distal tear. The domain of such flow should be minimized, as complete thrombosis of the FL is generally believed to be more beneficial for the patient. The dependence on the area ratios of the lumens and size of these tears is studied by computational fluid dynamics.

Obstruction of a Popliteal Artery Stent of a Patient with Popoiteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome

We encountered a popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) patient who was treated with stent placement for popliteal artery without correcting an abnormal muscular structure that compresses popliteal artery in another institution. The popliteal artery stent was occluded one year after the stent placement. The patient was treated with bypass graft by reversed saphenous vein. Interventionists should be cautious with stent placements for popliteal artery without adjusting the anomalous musculotendinous structure in patients with PAES.

Stanford A型主动脉夹层术中左锁骨下动脉植入血管覆膜支架的临床效果

目的 探究Stanford A型主动脉夹层外科手术中左锁骨下动脉植入血管覆膜支架的临床治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析2020年2月至2021年11月在河南省胸科医院收治的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者123例,其中45例患者接受左锁骨下动脉植入血管覆膜支架技术(A组),78例患者接受传统支架血管技术(B组)。比较分析两组患者的术中指标、围手术期指标、术后病死率和并发症发生率。结果 A组患者的手术时间、体外循环时间、停循环时间短于B组,24 h引流量和血浆用量少于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,两组患者的术后病死率、术后并发症发生率和严重神经系统并发症发生率之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 对于Stanford A型主动脉夹层的外科治疗,通过对象鼻支架开窗,植入左锁骨下动脉覆膜支架的方法,可以避免左锁骨下动脉位置较深带来的操作困难,简化了手术方案,达到与传统术式相同的临床效果。

单分支支架治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层安全性和有效性的Meta分析

目的比较单分支支架(single-branched stent graft,SBSG)与其他胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层(type B aortic dissection,TBAD)患者的安全性和有效性。方法系统性检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、万方数据、中国知网从建库至2022年9月发表的比较SBSG和其他TEVAR相关技术治疗TBAD患者的中英文文献,对技术成功率、手术时间、早期Ⅰ型内漏、围术期神经系统并发症、术后30 d死亡和随访期分支血管阻塞等数据进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9篇文献986例患者,其中SBSG组338例,对照组637例。Meta分析结果显示,SBSG组有更低的早期Ⅰ型内漏(OR=0.47,95%CI=0.22~0.99,P=0.046)和随访期分支血管阻塞发生率(OR=0.46,95%CI=0.21~0.97,P=0.041)。两组技术成功率、手术时间、围术期神经系统并发症和术后30 d死亡发生率的差异无统计学意义。结论SBSG在治疗TBAD的应用中是安全有效的,能有效降低早期Ⅰ型内漏和随访期分支血管阻塞的发生率。

一体式分支型覆膜支架治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的疗效分析

目的探讨一体式分支型覆膜支架对近端正常血管锚定区不足的Stanford B型主动脉夹层(AD)的疗效。方法收集2020年1月至2021年10月于昆明市第一人民医院进行治疗的18例Stanford B型AD患者的临床资料,观察支架的位置、术后支架通畅情况、主动脉修复情况及术后相关并发症的发生情况。结果18例患者的手术均获得成功。术后1周、3个月分支支架通畅率均为100%。术后3个月主动脉真腔直径均较术前明显增大,主动脉假腔直径均较术前明显缩小(P<0.01),假腔完全血栓化率为66.7%(12/18)。术后住院期间及随访期间无脑卒中、截瘫及死亡患者,Ⅰ型内漏患者1例。结论一体式分支型覆膜支架治疗近端正常血管锚定区不足的Stanford B型AD的疗效显著,手术时间短,操作相对简便,支架通畅率较高,并发症发生率较低,有利于临床应用。

Stanford B型急性主动脉夹层947例临床分析

目的:探讨Stanford B型急性主动脉夹层(AAD)的临床特点及不同治疗方式对预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析947例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式分为非介入手术组(单纯药物治疗457例)和介入手术组(490例)。统计并比较2组院内死亡率。结果:947例患者中,男789例,平均年龄(55.9±12.6)岁,女158例,平均年龄(56.8±11.4)岁。住院死亡40例(4.22%);其中非介入手术组死亡39例;介入手术组死亡1例;非介入手术组院内病死率明显高于介入手术组(8.53%vs 0.20%,P<0.01)。结论:Stanford B型AAD患者病情急,进展快,死亡风险大,尽早确诊并行适宜的介入手术治疗可明显提高患者的生存率。

Viabahn VBX球囊扩张式覆膜支架的初步应用体会

目的探讨Viabahn VBX球囊扩张式覆膜支架的短期临床应用结果。方法收集2022年6~10月在天津医科大学总医院行VBX支架植入术的27例患者临床资料,对释放成功率、技术成功率、术后30 d临床成功率等治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果共植入29枚VBX支架,包括治疗狭窄闭塞性病变23处,扩张性病变6处。VBX支架治疗狭窄闭塞病变的器械释放成功率、技术成功率和30 d临床成功率均为100%,治疗扩张性病变的器械释放成功率和30 d临床成功率为100%,技术成功率83.3%。1例肾动脉瘤患者出现内漏,其余患者无狭窄、内漏出现,未发生器械或手术相关的严重不良事件。结论VBX支架应用于既需充分扩张又可能破裂出血造成生命危险的病变部位以及解剖条件适宜的扩张性病变作为主支架以及桥接支架时,均能显示出较好的近期结果。

覆膜支架治疗急性动脉损伤性疾病的早期疗效分析

目的探讨覆膜支架治疗急性动脉损伤的早期疗效。方法回顾性分析宁波市第二医院2018年1月至2021年9月11例采用Viabahn覆膜支架腔内治疗的急性动脉损伤患者临床资料。结果患者手术均取得成功,术后即时保肢率100%。1例患者术后10 d因下肢动脉栓塞入院急诊行血管腔内治疗后血流恢复。1例多发伤患者术后因脑出血死亡。其他患者未发生与手术相关的严重并发症。2例腘动脉损伤患者术后1个月因自行停药发生腘动脉闭塞,术后6个月动脉支架内血流通畅率为80%(8/10)。结论Viabahn覆膜支架腔内治疗急性动脉损伤性疾病的即时及早期疗效显著且安全。

CT诊断主动脉弓假性动脉瘤1例

本研究报告了一例主动脉弓假性动脉瘤的诊疗经过。1例男性老年患者因发热伴消瘦入院就诊,胸部CT平扫示主动脉弓多发钙化斑块形成,治疗两周后患者发热症状无明显改善,胸部CT平扫复查提示主动脉弓上软组织密度影,进一步主动脉CTA检查考虑为主动脉弓假性动脉瘤。血管造影检查确诊主动脉弓假性动脉瘤,结合患者病史及血培养阳性结果,考虑感染性假性动脉瘤,行动脉瘤覆膜支架腔内隔绝术后成功治愈。

单分支主动脉支架在锚定区不足的胸主动脉腔内修复术中的应用

目的:研究单分支主动脉支架在锚定区不足的胸主动脉腔内修复术的应用。方法:回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年10月,于内蒙古医科大学附属医院心脏大血管外科收治的18例锚定区不足的主动脉疾病患者临床资料。结果:男性14例,女性4例,年龄(57.1±13.5)岁,体质量(78.6±5.1)kg,包括急性Standford B型主动脉夹层10例,主动脉穿透性溃疡6例,胸主动脉假性动脉瘤2例。手术时间(2.6±0.4)h,成功率100%,无内漏,无围术期死亡,无神经系统及上肢缺血并发症。随访时间12个月,所有患者主动脉及分支支架通畅率为100%,支架近端无明显内漏,假腔均出现血栓化,无神经系统及左上肢缺血表现。结论:对近端锚定区不足的主动脉疾病患者应用单分支主动脉支架行胸主动脉腔内修复安全有效,左锁骨下动脉重建效果良好,中长期效果需要继续评估。

体外预开窗技术腔内治疗胸腹主动脉疾病:单中心回顾性研究

目的评估应用体外预开窗技术腔内治疗复杂胸腹主动脉疾病的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年3月海军军医大学附属长海医院开展体外预开窗技术腔内治疗的22例胸腹主动脉疾病患者临床资料,其中Stanford B型主动脉夹层9例,主动脉瘤6例,腔内隔绝术后内漏4例,假性动脉瘤2例,主动脉局限性夹层合并主动脉瘤1例。结果手术成功率为100%,共重建87支内脏分支动脉,其中采用三开窗5例,四开窗17例。2例患者在围术期死亡,其中心源性猝死1例,再干预后多脏器功能衰竭1例。患者术后随访6~30个月,平均(17.0±7.6)个月,4例患者在随访期间死亡,3例患者接受再干预,包括Ⅰb型内漏1例,Ⅱ型内漏1例,非风湿性心脏瓣膜病1例。结论体外预开窗技术腔内治疗复杂胸腹主动脉扩张性疾病的短中期效果满意,安全可行。