The Research of community endowment service supply＇ s problems

The momentum of rapid aging, old-age service supply has become a big problem. Our country also could not escape the threat of this trend, the implementation of the one-child policy, the core of the family, the old lonely man, and the children in the competitive society, under the strong pressure of endowment service supply. Aiming at the problem of community endowment service insufficient supply, scholars have also launched a rich discussion and a lot of research, this article will talk about the definition, the concept of community endowment service supply and supply problems.

Based on the service supply chain to explore urban community endowment service problems and solutions——Based on the survey of Wuhan

This article introduces the connotation and operation mode of ‘Service Supply Chain’ into the research of community endowment service, based on the present situation investigation in different types of community endowment service in Hongshan and Wuchang district of Wuhan, combines with the operation concept of service supply chain to analysis the present bottleneck factors existing in the urban community of endowment service supply chain, and concludes the solving measures. This paper aims to improve the service level of the community endowment in all aspects, and concludes effective means and countermeasures in improving community endowment service quality.

The study of urban community endowment service problem in China --Demand of the elderly in Taiyuan city

China＇s ageing, the service for elderly pension is become a serious problem, and the traditional way of pension is not enough to meet the needs of existing. In this case, the community endowment to its unique advantages to be the new choice to solve the problem of China＇s pension. Taiyuan city, Shanxi Province in China based on as the breakthrough point, to study the community endowment service of Taiyuan city. For multiple community in Taiyuan city by using the method of field survey and some residents to investigate analyze the present situation of Taiyuan city community endowment. Through the research that Taiyuan city community endowment exists does not reach the designated position on propaganda, unbalanced development, lack of funds, community service and social participation is not high, and even the poor community health care can＇t satisfy the elderly need to all sorts of problems. Put forward the corresponding suggestion, according to the issues can be solved through policy support, strengthen the propaganda, broaden the sources of funding, training and service team, strengthening community health service and diversified development, community service projects, so that the community endowment in China better development.

The Feasibility Analysis of the Housing Endowment——Taking Nanjing as an example

China has entered the aging society, due to the imperfect national endowment insurance system, the traditional pension mode can no longer meet the needs of old people, so that the family pension and social pension are facing tremendous pressure. In this paper, firstly, explaining the concept of the housing endowment, and summarizing the feasibility and necessity of the housing endowment. Then through the investigation and the analysis of SPSS data, with the housing endowment in the United States and Singapore＇ success, summing up what our country should do to make improvements, and then we will induce the current situation and predicament of the housing endowment in Nanjing. Finally, we can put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions by the feasibility to the reality to Nanjing city in the future.

Research of community endowment volunteer service

To solve the pension problem brought by the aging, community endowment service as a new endowment mode has become hot spot.Community volunteer service for the needs of elderly services play an important role.How to improve the quality of the community volunteer service is an important issue in the community endowment.According to Maslow＇s hierarchy of needs analysis of community endowment volunteer service, meet the demand, community endowment volunteer workers can better promote the development of community endowment volunteer service.

Exploration on China's Institution-oriented Elderly Care Service System Based on Human Factors Engineering

Objective Aging process in China has brought more and more challenges to traditional home-based care for the aged and more attentions to the mode of institution-oriented elderly care.This work,by analyzing the problems and defects of institution engaging in elderly care based on the human factors engineering theory,discusses the people-centered institution-oriented elderly care service system,in terms of the problems that the pattern of institution-oriented elderly care focuses more on the facilities and environment construction than the principal role of people in the elderly care service system.Methods Sampled the institutions engaging in elderly care in Hefei City,Anhui Province,P.R.China(a medium-sized city in China);surveyed 45 institutions engaging in elderly care and 828 registered elders in Hefei City by hierarchical and systematic sampling method.Results(1)institutions engaging in elderly care shared the occupancy rate of 49.6%and low total service efficiency;(2)institutions engaging in elderly care offered 100%life-oriented service items,but only 6.1%personalized service items provided;(3)100%simple housing facilities in elderly care institutions,but extremely less personalized service facility(3.2%),with poorer quality and less satisfaction;(4)insufficient professional service staff could be available;48.1%institutions have 5 or less professional service staffs.Conclusion A countermeasure to improve the elderly care service system was raised here by aiming at improving the institution-oriented elderly care service:(1)to transfer service toward the people-oriented concept,formulating preferential policy for endowment insurance;(2)to pay attention to personalized design of service facility,offer personalized and featured service items,and improve service management level;(3)to build professional team for elderly care.

The research of the community-home elderly long-term care service system

With the rapid development of the aging of the population, the demand of long-term care services in the elderly is growing. Because of family miniaturization, core, and currently limited social accumulation are difficult to meet the demand of the elderly in long-term care.Community provides the elderly long-term care services, and provides the elderly all kinds of household helping services. They just make up for the inadequacy of the family and society.And how to make the community elderly long-term care services become more suitable for the needs of the elderly at home, provide better service for the elderly, are our current problems to be solved.

要素禀赋改善、产业结构优化与特殊类型地区共同富裕

特殊类型地区是推进高质量发展的重点区域,建构“以要素禀赋改善为支撑,产业结构转型升级为引擎,协同驱动区域共同富裕”的逻辑框架,计量分析要素禀赋和产业结构耦合协调度,实证检验三者之间互动关联并探讨其理论蕴含,有益于加快构建支持特殊类型地区振兴发展的政策体系和长效机制。结果表明,产业结构调整在要素禀赋影响特殊类型地区振兴发展的过程中发挥中介作用;实现要素禀赋与产业结构的耦合协调可以更好推进区域共同富裕,二者耦合协调程度在要素禀赋促进区域共同富裕过程中发挥门槛效应;要素禀赋及其与产业结构耦合协调度发挥正向作用时,其滞后一期变量对促进区域共同富裕具有阻滞作用。据此针对要素品质提升、产业结构高阶演进以及政府与市场作用协同发挥等领域给出相关建议,力争推动特殊类型地区在要素禀赋改善与产业结构优化良性互动中实现高质量发展。

差异化城市社区养老服务的适应性供给

当前,我国城市人口老龄化、高龄化现象严重,城市养老服务的供给压力随之越来越大。基于适应性供给研究视角发现,在城市化水平、社区治理能力、社区区位等因素共同作用下,社区资源禀赋及其形塑的社区支持体系差异化程度不断扩大,这就要求城市社区养老服务开展分类式、针对性供给。研究通过对武汉城市社区的调研,以适应性供给为视角,发现新开发商品房社区适宜以市场化为导向走“企业+养老”服务供给模式;后单位制社区适宜依托内生力量发展社会性互助养老;棚改、村转居社区应注重政府行政力量的介入,优先解决老年人基础性公共福利及养老公共服务,满足老年人群体多元化需求。

西北地区钴矿资源禀赋特征及产业链分析

钴是全球战略性关键矿产,对国民经济、国家安全和科技发展不可或缺。中国现有钴资源储量较低,超过98%的钴原材料依赖进口,给国家战略性关键矿产资源供应带来重大安全隐患。因此,立足国内加强钴矿成矿规律认识、寻找新的资源接续区已迫在眉睫。西北地区钴矿资源禀赋条件优越,拥有较好成矿地质条件和资源潜力,展示了巨大的找矿前景。但目前不同类型矿床中钴矿发育特征、赋存状态、富集机制与成矿潜力尚不明确,缺少针对性的找矿模型与高效的勘查技术方法,极大地制约了钴资源的找矿新发现。笔者通过西北地区钴矿资源地质分布、成矿特征、控矿条件、找矿标志、找矿潜力的系统梳理,总结西北地区钴矿资源禀赋特征,结合钴矿资源产业链、供应链安全,分析提出西北地区钴矿资源进一步找矿方向和勘查重点,旨在揭示钴矿资源成矿潜力和找矿新靶区,支撑服务新一轮找矿突破战略行动,引领中国钴矿资源找矿新发现,提升钴矿资源安全供应和保障能力。

制造业数字化与劳动收入份额变动

制造业数字化转型能够改变劳动力市场格局,对收入分配产生重要影响。以1995—2018年45个国家17个制造业部门为样本,考察制造业数字化对劳动收入份额的影响。研究发现:制造业数字化对劳动收入份额的影响呈现“倒U型”特征,这种特征在发达国家中比较突出,在发展中国家中不明显;相比于国外投入,国内投入数字化对劳动收入份额的“倒U型”影响较早达到拐点;制造业数字化与直接出口、间接出口以及再进口活动的劳动收入份额分别呈抑制、促进和“倒U型”关系。机制检验显示,制造业数字化主要通过工资率效应和价值链分工效应对劳动收入份额产生“倒U型”影响。进一步分析发现,制造业数字化能够缩小高-低技能和中-高技能劳动者的工资差距。拓展性分析表明,资本-劳动比和行业竞争程度的提高均使劳动收入份额由升转降的拐点提前。研究可为推动制造业数字化转型与完善收入分配制度提供重要启示。

经济发展阶段、要素条件变化与区域产业演化路径:后发国家视角

演化经济地理学将知识与技术置于分析的核心位置,重点关注技术关联在发达国家区域产业演化中的重要作用。然而,对后发国家来说,劳动力与资本等要素条件处于动态变化之中,会影响技术关联的作用。本文以演化经济地理学理论为基础,吸收相关经济学理论的合理成份,构建1个新的分析框架,探讨区域产业演化路径的阶段性调整。本文将经济发展阶段划分为刘易斯二元经济阶段、越过刘易斯转折点后阶段和创新发展阶段,从刘易斯二元经济理论、增长理论、后发国家赶超理论和新熊彼特主义演化经济学等理论中提取3个经济发展阶段生产要素的主要变动特征,在此基础上分析不同发展阶段要素条件变化与技术关联综合影响下的区域产业演化路径。本文研究结果可对后发国家区域产业演化提供一定启示。

农业补贴下资源禀赋对农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的影响

农机社会化服务作为小农户链接现代农业的桥梁,是发展农业机械化和规模化经营的重要手段,对推动农业现代化具有重要意义。在对江西省483户农户进行实地调查的基础上,采用二元Logistic模型实证分析农户资源禀赋对农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的影响,并进一步分析农业补贴对农户资源禀赋影响农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的调节作用。研究结果表明:农户资源禀赋显著影响农户农机社会化服务采纳行为,其中户主的健康状况、经营年限、家庭劳动力人数、熟识的村干部数量、农业收入占比、耕地面积显著正向影响其农机社会化服务采纳行为,农机价值则显著负向影响其农机社会化服务采纳行为。另外,农业补贴对农户资源禀赋影响农机社会化服务采纳行为有显著的正向调节作用。具体而言,农业补贴对人力资源禀赋中的健康状况、社会资源禀赋中的是否加入合作社、经济资源禀赋中的农业收入占比和自然资源禀赋中的耕地面积与农机社会化服务采纳行为的关系均有正向调节作用。基于此,提出落实好农业补贴政策、鼓励身体健康的高素质农民务农、鼓励政府部门与农民多交流沟通、增加农民收入等对策建议。

要素禀赋对产业结构转型升级的作用机制——基于经济发展质量的调节效应

强化要素禀赋对产业结构转型升级的基础性作用,是当前推动我国经济高质量发展的重要可依赖路径。基于2012—2021年省级面板数据,探讨要素禀赋对产业结构转型升级的影响及经济发展质量在二者之间的调节效应。研究发现:劳动禀赋与产业结构转型升级存在显著的U形关系,经济发展质量的提升能够强化二者之间的U形关系;资本禀赋与产业结构转型升级存在倒U形关系,经济发展质量的提升则弱化了两者之间的倒U形关系;科技禀赋对产业结构转型升级产生了显著的促进作用,但当前经济发展质量的提升对科技禀赋赋能产业结构转型升级尚未发挥显著作用。进一步检验要素禀赋间的交叉效应对产业结构转型升级的作用表明,当前劳动禀赋与资本禀赋对产业结构转型升级存在交叉效应,而现阶段科技禀赋分别与劳动禀赋、资本禀赋存在错配,尚未形成交叉作用带动产业结构转型升级。从要素禀赋视角拓展产业结构转型升级的驱动因素,并以经济发展质量为拓展点,为探寻经济高质量发展背景下产业结构转型升级的动力引擎提供了理论支持,也为政府建立优质高效的供给体系、助推经济高质量发展提供了有益借鉴。

资本禀赋异质性对农业生产效率的影响——基于社会化服务的交易成本视角

大国小农背景下,农业社会化服务推动了小农与农业现代化生产体系融合,然而交易成本造成了效率损失。基于2022年陕西省农户调研数据,将小农户资本禀赋、农业社会化服务以及有为集体纳入统一的研究框架,并构建实证分析模型,探究其对生产效率的影响。研究表明:资本禀赋对生产效率的影响呈显著的倒“U”型关系,并且大部分农户处于左侧上升阶段;农业社会化服务通过替代效应和技术效应在资本禀赋对生产效率的影响中具有显著影响;有为集体从合理分配社会化服务增值效益出发,可以有效缓解交易成本的不利影响,即有为集体显著调节农业社会化服务对生产效率的影响。由此,提出通过加大农业社会化服务培育力度,规范市场运行,强化村集体介入管理,以缓解当前小农资本禀赋不足对生产效率的负向影响。

环境规制对我国城市碳排放的影响——门槛特征与空间效应

以我国280个地级及以上城市为研究对象,利用面板门槛回归模型与空间计量等方法,实证分析环境规制对城市碳排放的影响。研究发现:环境规制显著抑制了城市碳排放。门槛回归结果表明,环境规制抑制城市碳排放的作用随技术创新水平与经济发展水平的提升而增强;环境规制对资源禀赋较高城市的碳减排效应更强;相较于产业结构升级处于中等水平的城市,环境规制对产业结构升级水平较低或较高城市的碳减排效应更明显。空间溢出效应检验结果证实了环境规制能够抑制本地城市碳排放,但不利于邻近城市碳排放。最后,研究提出相关政策建议。

“专精特新”企业群体发展对增强我国关键产业链韧性的效应

党的二十届三中全会强调,健全提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平制度。研究“专精特新”企业群体发展影响产业链韧性的作用效果和机制,有助于精准制定产业政策,促进产业链韧性水平提升。通过模型推导和实证检验,在产业链韧性视角下研究“专精特新”企业群体的强链效应,发现“专精特新”企业的专业化程度、精细化程度、特色化程度和新颖化程度提升,能够显著提升产业链韧性,且该结论通过了替换核心变量、固定行业效应和调整观测期间的稳健性检验。进一步分析发现,随着“专精特新”企业的技术水平更高、资源禀赋更强和价格加权水平更低,其对产业链韧性的提升效果更强。

承接产业转移政策能够提升转入城市经济韧性吗?

基于2007—2021年中国278个城市面板数据,运用渐进双重差分法探究了国家级承接产业转移示范区建设对城市经济韧性的多维政策效应。研究结果表明,国家级承接产业转移示范区的设立能提升城市经济韧性。该结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依旧成立。机制研究结果表明,提升创新水平、促进企业集聚和优化要素结构是国家级承接产业转移示范区强化城市经济韧性的主要渠道。进一步分析结果表明,国家级承接产业转移示范区表现出一定的“益贫”特质,其对非资源型、胡焕庸线西侧和低市场化水平的城市经济韧性的提升效果更加明显。研究结论验证了示范区政策对提升城市经济韧性的积极作用,为中国经济强韧性背后的制度优势这一论断提供了新的经验证据。

数字经济、产业结构升级与地区绿色发展——以长三角地区为例

抓住“数字经济”的契机,推动地区绿色发展,对于促进中国经济社会实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化、实现全方位绿色转型目标具有重要的现实意义。基于2011—2021年长三角27个城市的数据测算数字经济发展水平,并将其与地区绿色发展数据相结合,实证分析数字经济对地区绿色发展的影响。研究结果显示:数字经济能够有效推动城市绿色发展。机制分析揭示:数字经济通过促进产业结构升级这一间接路径推动绿色发展;数字经济具有空间外溢效应,但对邻近地区的绿色发展并未表现出显著促进作用。异质性分析表明:从数字经济不同维度的分析来看,各维度均对地区绿色发展产生显著的促进作用,其中数字基础设施建设的促进效果最为显著;从地区资源禀赋的角度来看,非资源型城市的数字经济发展能有效推动地区绿色发展;而资源型城市的数字经济发展则对地区绿色发展存在一定的抑制作用。因此,为进一步推动地区经济绿色转型发展,应积极推动数字经济的发展,充分发挥政府的主导作用,加快数字基础设施建设,构建完善的企业跨地区融合机制,提升产业结构水平,因地制宜实施地区差异化发展战略。

以新质生产力为导向的知识产权运营体系建设

现代化产业体系是新质生产力的结构承载。促进新质生产力发展,迫切需要深刻认识知识产权制度的产业政策属性,进一步发挥知识产权制度在促进产业创新发展、上下游产业的协同以及产业集群的耦合内生方面的重要作用。就历史维度而言,主要知识产权强国将知识产权制度特别是专利制度作为产业体系建设的重要公共政策工具,我国更加强调专利制度激励创新的作用,对专利制度等知识产权制度的产业政策属性认识不足。深入分析知识产权在现代化产业体系建设中的重要作用,可以结合新结构经济学的理论框架,在有效市场和有为政府的共同作用下,以要素禀赋结构为切入点,分析如何运用知识产权运营体系建设促进比较竞争优势的形成与发展。在上述基本定位的基础上,知识产权运营体系建设的战略思路是,专利导航促进产业发展、以产业化为导向的专利转化运用促进产业链发展、以主体和客体新型耦合关系为核心的专利协同运用促进产业集群发展,进而支撑现代化产业体系建设。