Diagnostic value of tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex in sepsis-induced liver injury:A single-center retrospective casecontrol study

BACKGROUND Sepsis often causes severe liver injury and leads to poor patient outcomes.Early detection of sepsis-induced liver injury(SILI)and early treatment are key to improving outcomes.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics of SILI patients and analyze the associated risk factors,to identify potential sensitive biomarkers.METHODS Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 546 patients with sepsis treated in the intensive care unit of the 908th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force between May 2018 and December 2022.The patients were divided into the sepsis group(n=373)and SILI group(n=173)based on the presence of acute liver injury within 2 hours of admission.We used the random forest algorithm to analyze risk factors and assessed potential diagnostic markers of SILI using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,Kaplan-Meier survival curves,subgroup analysis and correlation analysis.RESULTS Compared with the sepsis group,tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex(t-PAIC)levels in serum were significantly higher in the SILI group(P<0.05).Random forest results showed that t-PAIC was an independent risk factor for SILI,with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.862(95%confidence interval:0.832-0.892).Based on the optimal cut-off value of 11.9 ng/mL,patients at or above this threshold had significantly higher levels of lactate and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score.The survival rate of these patients was also significantly worse(hazard ratio=2.2,95%confidence interval:1.584-3.119,P<0.001).Spearman’s correlation coefficients were 0.42 between t-PAIC and lactate,and 0.41 between t-PAIC and aspartate transaminase.Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in t-PAIC levels between patients with different severity of liver dysfunction.CONCLUSION T-PAIC can serve as a diagnostic indicator for SILI,with its elevation correlated with the severity of SILI.

MicroRNA-451 from Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Autophagy via Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway to Attenuate Burn-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos reduces ALI by modulating macrophage autophagy.Methods Exosomes were isolated from hUC-MSCs.Severe burn-induced ALI rat models were treated with hUC-MSC-Exos carrying the miR-451 inhibitor.Hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated inflammatory injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay measured lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βlevels.qRT-PCR detected miR-451 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1(TSC1)expressions.The regulatory role of miR-451 on TSC1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Western blotting determined TSC1 and proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy.Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to examine exosomes phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages and autophagy level.Results hUC-MSC-Exos with miR-451 inhibitor reduced burn-induced ALI and promoted macrophage autophagy.MiR-451 could be transferred from hUC-MSCs to alveolar macrophages via exosomes and directly targeted TSC1.Inhibiting miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos elevated TSC1 expression and inactivated the mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages.Silencing TSC1 activated mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy,while TSC1 knockdown reversed the autophagy from the miR-451 inhibitor-induced.Conclusion miR-451 from hUC-MSC exosomes improves ALI by suppressing alveolar macrophage autophagy through modulation of the TSC1/mTOR pathway,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.

Review and update on the management of triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries in professional athletes

Triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries are common in amateur and professional sports.These injuries are mainly caused by acute or chronic repetitive axial loads on the wrist,particularly on the ulnar side and in association with rotations or radial/ulnar deviations.In order to treat professional athletes,a detailed specific knowledge of the pathology is needed.Moreover,the clinician should fully understand the specific and unique environment and needs of the athletes,their priorities and goals,the type of sport,the time of the season,and the position played.An early diagnosis and appropriate management with the quickest possible recovery time are the uppermost goals for both the athlete and the surgeon.A compromise between conservative vs surgical indications,athletes’needs and expectations,and financial implications should be achieved.Arthroscopic procedures should be timely planned when indicated as they could allow early diagnosis and treatment at the same time.Conservative measures are often used as first line treatment when possible.Peripheral lesions are treated by arthroscopic repair,whilst central lesions are treated by arthroscopic debridement.Further procedures(such as the Wafer procedure,ulnar osteotomies,etc.)have specific indications and great implications with regard to rehabilitation.

Effects of angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex on hemolytic anemia and bone marrow injury in mice

To investigate the therapeutic effects of angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex （APIC） on hemolytic anemia and bone marrow injury in mice models. The hemolytic anemia mouse model was established by i.p. of phenylhydrazine （PHZ）. Changes of the indices including red blood cell count （RBC）, hemoglobin （Hb） and hematocrit （HCT） were determined by blood analyzer, and reticulocytes were observed by brilliant cresol blue staining during administration. Bone marrow injured mouse model was established by i.p. of cytoxan （CY） and chloramphenicol （CH）, and the therapeutic effect was observed by H-E staining. The indices of APIC treated groups with the medium and high doses were higher than those of the model group significantly. Moreover, the Hb and HCT were restored to the normal level after drug treatments. In addition, APIC can promote the proliferation and differentiation of reticulocytes obviously in the early stage of anemia mice, decrease adipose cell proliferation in bone marrow of injured mice and hasten the recuperation. In conclusion, APIC has therapeutic efficacy on hemolytic anemia and bone marrow injury caused by chemicals, which is reported for the first time.

Vitamin B complex and vitamin B12 levels after peripheral nerve injury

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether tissue levels of vitamin B complex and vitamin B12 were altered after crush-induced peripheral nerve injury in an experimental rat model. A total of 80 male Wistar rats were randomized into one control（n = 8） and six study groups（1, 6, 12, 24 hours, 3, and 7 days after experimental nerve injury; n = 12 for each group）. Crush-induced peripheral nerve injury was performed on the sciatic nerves of rats in six study groups. Tissue samples from the sites of peripheral nerve injury were obtained at 1, 6, 12, 24 hours, 3 and 7 days after experimental nerve injury. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that tissue levels of vitamin B complex and vitamin B12 in the injured sciatic nerve were significantly greater at 1 and 12 hours after experimental nerve injury, while they were significantly lower at 7 days than in control group. Tissue level of vitamin B_（12） in the injured sciatic nerve was significantly lower at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours than in the control group. These results suggest that tissue levels of vitamin B complex and vitamin B12 vary with progression of crush-induced peripheral nerve injury, and supplementation of these vitamins in the acute period may be beneficial for acceleration of nerve regeneration.

Complex knee injuries treated in acute phase: Long-term results using Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System artificial ligament

AIM To present the long-term results of complex knee injuries, treated early using the Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System(LARS) artificial ligament to reconstruct posterior cruciate ligament(PCL).METHODS From September 1997 to June 2010, thirty-eight complex knee injuries were treated, where early arthroscopic PCL reconstructions were undergone, using the LARS(Surgical Implants and Devices, Arc-sur-Tille, France) artificial ligament. Exclusion criteria were: Late(> 4 wk) reconstruction, open technique, isolated PCL reconstruction, knee degenerative disease, combinedfracture or vascular injury and use of allograft or autograft for PCL reconstruction. Clinical and functional outcomes were assessed with IKDC Subjective Knee Form, KOS-ADLS questionnaire, Lysholm scale and SF-12 Health Survey. Posterior displacement(PD) was measured with the Telos Stress Device. RESULTS Seven patients were excluded; two because of coexisting knee osteoarthritis and the remaining five because of failure to attend the final follow-up. The sample consisted of 31 patients with mean age at the time of reconstruction 33.2 ± 12.5 years(range 17-61). The postoperative follow-up was on average 9.27 ± 4.27 years(range 5-18). The mean average IKDC and KOS scores were 79.32 ± 17.1 and 88.1 ± 12.47% respectively. Average PD was 3.61 ± 2.15 mm compared to 0.91 ± 1.17 mm in the uninjured knees(one with grade 1+ and two with grade 2 +). Dial test was found positive in one patient, whereas the quadriceps active drawer test was positive in three patients. None was tested positive on the reverse-pivot shift test. The range of motion(ROM) was normal in thirty knees, in comparison with the contralateral one. There was no extension deficit. Osteoarthritic changes were found in three knees(9.6%).CONCLUSION Early treatment of complex knee injuries, using LARS artificial ligament for PCL reconstruction sufficiently reduces posterior tibia displacement and provides satisfactory long-term functional outcomes.

Comparison of Efficacy between 3D Navigation-Assisted Percutaneous Iliosacral Screw and Minimally Invasive Reconstruction Plate in Treating Sacroiliac Complex Injury

The clinical efficacy was compared between 3D navigation-assisted percutaneous iliosacral screw(3DPS)and minimally invasive reconstruction plate(MIRP)in treating sacroiliac complex injury and the surgical procedures of 3DPS were introduced.A retrospective analysis was performed on 49 patients with sacroiliac complex injury from March 2013 to May 2017.Twenty-one cases were treated by 3DPS,and 28 cases by MIRP.Intraoperative indexes as operative time,blood loss,incision length,length of hospital stay and postoperative complications were respectively documented.Quality of reduction was postoperatively evaluated by Matta radiological criteria,and clinical effect was assessed by Majeed scoring criteria at the last followup.Operative time and hospital stay were significantly shortened,and blood loss,and incision length were significantly reduced in 3DPS group as compared with those in MIRP group(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was found between 3DPS group and MIRP group in the assessment of reduction and function(P>0.05).It was concluded that both 3DPS and MIRP can effectively treat the sacroiliac complex injury,and 3DPS can provide an accurate,safe and minimally invasive fixation with shorter operative time and hospital stay.

Clinical study on the surgical treatment of atypical Lisfranc joint complex injury

BACKGROUND Lisfranc injuries have not received much attention by orthopedic doctors in the past,and there is little related research on the diagnosis and treatment of these injuries.In recent years with the rise in foot and ankle surgery,doctors are now paying more attention to this type of injury.However,there is still a high rate of missed diagnosis due to insufficient attention causing treatment delays or inadequate treatments,which eventually result in greater sequelae;including long-term pain,arthritis,foot deformity etc.In particular,for cases with a mild Lisfranc joint complex injury,the incidence of sequelae is higher.AIM To select an active surgical treatment for an atypical Lisfranc joint complex injury and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the surgical treatment.METHODS The clinical data of 18 patients,including 10 males and 8 females aged 20-64 years with Lisfranc injuries treated in our department from January 2017 to September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were treated with an open reduction and internal fixation method using locking titanium mini-plates and hollow screws or Kirschner wires.X-ray images were taken and follow-up was performed monthly after the operation;the internal fixation was then removed 4-5 mo after the operation;and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)score was used for evaluation on the last follow-up.RESULTS All patients were followed up for 6-12 mo.A good/excellent AOFAS score was observed in 88.9%of patients.CONCLUSION For atypical Lisfranc joint complex injuries,active open reduction and internal fixation can be performed to enable patients to obtain a good prognosis and satisfactory functional recovery.

Failure to fire after an electrical injury——A complex syndrome in a soldier: complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS)

Complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) is a disorder characterized by an intractable, disabling pain of the affected limb. It is triggered by various injuries and is often resistant to standard therapy. We report a young soldier with CRPS of the right hand sustained from an electrical injury, who had improvement in resting pain with Zoledronic acid. In this report, we discuss the therapeutic options and the role of bisphosphonates in CRPS.

Correlation of QRS complex after percutaneous coronary intervention with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and apoptosis molecule contents

Objective: To study the correlation of QRS complex after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and apoptosis molecule contents. Methods:Patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who were treated in Nanchong Central Hospital between June 2014 and August 2016 were selected and divided into the PCI group who received emergency PCI surgery and the control group who accepted selective PCI or refused emergency PCI after the medical data were retrospectively analyzed. The fQRS as well as the contents of ischemia reperfusion injury indexes and apoptosis molecules was determined after 1 week of treatment. Results: The incidence of fQRS in PCI group was significantly lower than that in control group;serum MDA, cTnI, H-FABP, sTWEAK, sFas, sTRAIL and Caspase-3 contents as well as peripheral blood Nrf-2 and HO-1 expression of PCI group were greatly lower than those of control group;serum MDA, cTnI, H-FABP, sTWEAK, sFas, sTRAIL and Caspase-3 contents as well as peripheral blood Nrf-2 and HO-1 expression of PCI group of patients with fQRS complex (+) were greatly higher than those of patients with fQRS complex (-). Conclusion: The occurrence of fQRS after PCI is closely related to myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and apoptosis.

Upper extremity vascular injuries:Etiology,management and outcome

BACKGROUND Vascular injuries of the upper extremities are considered relatively rare injuries affecting mostly the young population.They often are complex injuries accompanied by other musculoskeletal trauma or trauma in other anatomic locations.Their management is challenging since they can lead to disabilities with major socioeconomic effects.AIM To analyze data about the mechanism of injury,the management algorithm and functional outcomes of vascular injuries of the upper extremity.METHODS One hundred and fifteen patients(96 males and 19 females)with arterial injuries of the upper extremity treated in a tertiary trauma center from January 2003 to December 2022 was conducted.Mean patients’age was 33.7 years and the mean follow up time was 7.4 years.Patients with Mangled Extremity Severity Score≥7 and Injury Severity Score≥20,previous upper limb surgery or major trauma and any neuromuscular or psychiatric disease were excluded,from the study.RESULTS A penetrating trauma was the most common cause of injury.The radial artery was the artery injured in most of the cases(37.4%)followed by the ulnar(29.5%),the brachial(12.1%)and the axillary(6%).A simultaneous injury of both of the forearm’s arteries was in 15.6%of the cases.In 93%of the cases there were other concomitant musculoskeletal injuries of the extremity.Tendon lacerations were the most common,followed by nerve injuries.The postoperative functional scores(full Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder,and Hand and VAS)had very satisfactory values.CONCLUSION Although vascular injuries of the upper extremity are rare,they may occur in the context of major combined musculoskeletal trauma.Although a multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimize outcome,the ability of trained hand surgeons to repair all injuries in combined vascular and musculoskeletal upper extremity trauma,excluding isolated vascular injuries,ensures shorter operative times and better functional outcomes.

下肢重复蹬伸至力竭过程中肌肉功能网络拓扑特性

背景:表面肌电已经被广泛用于监测肌肉疲劳,但传统肌电指标通常针对于单块肌肉,无法评价一组肌肉在疲劳过程中的变化。目的:建立肌肉功能网络,提取复杂网络参数,研究不同疲劳程度下的肌肉功能网络拓扑特性变化,为疲劳的监测、预防提供理论和方法依据。方法:11名受试者进行直到力竭的50%1RM单腿下肢蹬伸运动,同步采集股直肌、股外侧肌、股内侧肌、股二头肌长头、胫骨前肌、腓肠肌外侧肌、腓肠肌内侧肌7块肌肉的肌电信号,以及心电信号和Borg CR-10量表评分;根据Borg CR-10量表评分划分为轻度、中度和重度三个疲劳阶段,采用心率和心率变异性验证疲劳阶段划分的有效性;以7块肌肉为节点,使用肌肉信号的相干性构建肌肉功能网络,提取聚类系数、平均加权度、全局效率、特征向量中心性4个复杂网络参数;提取肌电信号的均方值振幅、中位频率、瞬时平均频率和共激活比4种指标,并在3种疲劳程度下进行比较。结果与结论:①3种疲劳阶段在心率及心率变异性上产生显著性差异,证明了疲劳阶段划分的有效性;②对于不同肌肉在3种疲劳程度下的肌电指标:均方值振幅和共激活比未表现出差异,中位频率在股外侧肌、股内侧肌和股二头肌长头表现出稳健的疲劳趋势,瞬时平均频率则在股直肌、股外侧肌、股内侧肌和股二头肌长头表现出稳健的疲劳趋势;瞬时平均频率的性能优于中位频率和均方值振幅,但三者仅在主要工作肌群能够获得较好的稳健趋势,共激活比不受疲劳因素的影响;③股外侧肌-股内侧肌、股外侧肌-股二头肌长头、股外侧肌-腓肠肌内侧肌和股内侧肌-股二头肌长头连接强度逐渐增加,平均加权度、聚类系数和全局效率在疲劳后表现出显著差异,并且与疲劳程度之间显著相关。结果表明:肌肉功能网络内的连通强度变化能够反映疲劳过程中肌肉间的协同性和互补性;聚类系数、平均加权度、全局效率可作为一组肌肉疲劳的监测指标。

Neuronal changes resulting in up-regulation of alpha-1 adrenoceptors after peripheral nerve injury

Under normal conditions, the sympathetic neurotransmitter noradrenaline inhibits the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, after peripheral nerve and tissue injury, pro-inflammatory cytokines appear to induce the expression of the alphalA-adreno- ceptor subtype on immune cells and perhaps also on other cells in the injured tissue. In turn, noradrenaline may act on up-regulated alphal-adrenoceptors to increase the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. In addition, the release of inflammatory mediators and nerve growth factor from keratinocytes and other cells may augment the expression of alphal-adrenoceptors on peripheral nerve fibers. Consequently, nociceptive afferents acquire an abnormal excitability to adrenergic agents, and inflammatory processes build. These mechanisms could contribute to the development of sympathetically maintained pain in conditions such as post-herpetic neuralgia, cutaneous neuromas, amputation stump pain and complex regional pain syndrome.

Neurotoxicity of prenatal alcohol exposure on medullary pre-B?tzinger complex neurons in neonatal rats

Prenatal alcohol exposure disrupts the development of normal fetal respiratory function, but whether it perturbs respiratory rhythmical discharge activity is unclear. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor（5-HT2AR） is involved in the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. In the present study, pregnant female rats received drinking water containing alcohol at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8% or 10%（v/v） throughout the gestation period. Slices of the medulla from 2-day-old neonatal rats were obtained to record respiratory rhythmical discharge activity. 5-HT2 AR protein and m RNA levels in the pre-B？tzinger complex of the respiratory center were measured by western blot analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Compared with the 0% alcohol group, respiratory rhythmical discharge activity in medullary slices in the 4%, 8% and 10% alcohol groups was decreased, and the reduction was greatest in the 8% alcohol group. Respiratory rhythmical discharge activity in the 10% alcohol group was irregular. Thus, 8% was the most effective alcohol concentration at attenuating respiratory rhythmical discharge activity. These findings suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure attenuates respiratory rhythmical discharge activity in neonatal rats by downregulating 5-HT2 AR protein and m RNA levels.

Naked DNA in cells:An inducer of major histocompatibility complex molecules to evoke autoimmune responses?

The major histocompatibility complex(MHC) is the exclusive chaperone that presents intracellular antigens,either self or foreign to T cells.Interestingly,aberrant expression of MHC molecules has been reported in various autoimmune target tissues such as thyroid follicular cells in Grave's disease.Herein,we review the discovery of an unexpected effect of cytosolic doublestranded DNA(ds DNA),despite its origins,to induce antigen processing and presenting genes,including MHC molecules,in non-immune cells.Moreover,we highlight several recent studies that suggest cell injury endows thyroid epithelial cells with a phenotype of mature antigen presenting cells by inducing multiple antigen processing and presenting genes via releasing genomic DNA fragments into the cytosol.We discuss the possibility that such cytosolic ds DNA,in naked form without binding to histone proteins,might be involved in the development of cell damage-triggered autoimmune responses.We also discuss the possible molecular mechanism by which cytosolic ds DNA can induce MHC molecules.It is reasonable to speculate that cytosolic ds DNA-induced MHC class Ⅰ is partially due to an autocrine/paracrine effect of type Ⅰ interferon(IFN).While the mechanism of cytosolic ds DNA-induced MHC class Ⅱ expression appears,at least partially,distinct from that mediated by IFN-γ.Further in-depth are required to clarify this picture.

Potential for treatment of severe autism in tuberous sclerosis complex

The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has approved two mechanismbased treatments for tuberous sclero-sis complex(TSC)-everolimus and vigabatrin. However, these treatments have not been systematically studied in individuals with TSC and severe autism. The aim of this review is to identify the clinical features of severe autism in TSC, applicable preclinical models, and potential barriers that may warrant strategic planning in the design phase of clinical trial development. A comprehensive search strategy was formed and searched across Pub Med, Embase and SCOPUS from their inception to 2/21/12, 3/16/12, and 3/12/12 respectively. After the final search date, relevant, updated articles were selected from Pub Med abstracts generated electronically and emailed daily from Pub Med. The references of selected articles were searched, and relevant articles were selected. A search of clinicaltrials.gov was completed using the search term "TSC" and "tuberous sclerosis complex". Autism has been reported in as many as 60% of individuals with TSC; however, review of the literature revealed few data to support clear classification of the severity of autism in TSC. Variability was identified in the diagnostic approach, assessment of cognition, and functional outcome among the reviewed studies and case reports. Objective outcome measures were not used in many early studies; however, diffusion tensor imaging of white matter, neurophysiologic variability in infantile spasms, and cortical tuber subcategories were examined in recent studies and may be useful for objective classification of TSC in future studies. Mechanism-based treatments for TSC are currently available. However, this literature review revealed two potential barriers to successful design and implementation of clinical trials in individuals with severe autism-an unclear definition of the population and lack of validated outcome measures. Recent studies of objective outcome measures in TSC and further study of applicable preclinical models present an opportunity to overcome these barriers.

关节镜下桡尺远侧韧带重建治疗慢性PalmerⅠD型三角纤维软骨复合体损伤疗效观察

目的:探讨腕关节镜辅助下异体肌腱重建桡尺远侧韧带治疗慢性PalmerⅠD型三角纤维软骨复合体损伤伴桡尺远侧关节不稳的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2017年1月至2020年1月收治的15例慢性PalmerⅠD型三角纤维软骨复合体损伤患者临床资料,均给予腕关节镜辅助下异体肌腱重建桡尺远侧韧带治疗,术后随访并评价腕关节的活动度、腕关节疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、握力、腕关节功能评分(改良Mayo评分)。结果:所有患者术后随访12~24个月,平均18.15±2.20个月。术后15例患者腕关节疼痛VAS评分为2.56±0.69分,与术前的6.78±1.24分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),疼痛显著缓解。术后患侧手和健侧手的握力比率为(76.18±9.72)%,与术前的(50.18±6.79)%比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),握力显著增大。术后腕关节旋转活动度为(151.09±12.38)°,较术前的(142.87±10.19)°有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按照改良Mayo评分,优8例,良6例,可1例,优良率为93.33%。结论:腕关节镜辅助下异体肌腱重建桡尺远侧韧带治疗慢性PalmerⅠD型三角纤维软骨复合体损伤伴桡尺远侧关节不稳疗效确切,可促进疼痛、握力、旋转活动度的改善。

玉米、荞麦复配粉对高脂血症大鼠的降血脂作用

为研究玉米荞麦复配粉对高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢的调节作用,将60只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、高脂模型组、阳性组、玉米组、荞麦组、玉米荞麦复配粉组,干预4周,称量大鼠体重、脏器重,测定脂质水平、肝损伤水平及抗氧化水平,并进行肝脏病理组织学检查。结果表明:与高脂模型组相比,玉米荞麦复配粉组能够显著降低血清总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)(1.8 mmol/L)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)(1.38 mmol/L)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)(0.62 mmol/L)的含量,回调高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)(1.27 mmol/L)的含量(P<0.05);玉米、荞麦、玉米荞麦复配粉各组的丙氨酸转氨酶(Alanine transaminase,ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(Aspartate aminotransferase,AST)活力有不同程度降低,其中玉米荞麦复配粉组活力降低效果显著。同时,玉米荞麦复配粉上调了血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(Total superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)的酶活力,下调了血清中丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、胆固醇酯(Cholesteryl ester,CHE)的含量,肝脏中亦出现此趋势。肝脏HE染色表明,玉米、荞麦、玉米荞麦复配粉组肝细胞的分布较整齐,大泡性脂滴减少,其中,玉米荞麦复配粉组的改善效果最为显著。由此可见,玉米荞麦复配粉能显著调节高血脂饮食大鼠脂代谢水平,提高肝脏抗氧化能力,修复肝损伤。

橘红桔梗植物饮品对小鼠急性肺损伤和支气管哮喘的预防作用研究

目的:观察橘红桔梗植物饮品(TPC)对脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)和卵清蛋白诱导的小鼠支气管哮喘的影响,并分析其作用机制。方法:(1)将48只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分成空白对照组、ALI组及低、中、高剂量(0.8、1.6和3.2 mL/d)TPC组,灌胃给药,每日1次,持续1周及地塞米松阳性对照组。采用脂多糖气管内滴注建立小鼠ALI模型。采用HE染色法观察肺组织病理变化;流式细胞分析仪检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中性粒细胞比例;ELISA检测BALF中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6和IL-10含量;同时检测肺组织匀浆中的髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性及肺组织中I-κBα和NF-κB的蛋白含量。(2)将48只雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分成空白对照组、支气管哮喘组及低、中、高剂量(0.8、1.6和3.2 mL/d)TPC组,灌胃给药,每日1次,持续1周及地塞米松组。采用卵清蛋白腹腔注射致敏和鼻内刺激建立支气管哮喘小鼠模型。采用HE染色和甲苯胺蓝染色法观察肺组织病理变化;ELISA检测小鼠血清中IgE、IL-5和IL-13含量。结果:与空白对照组相比,ALI组小鼠肺组织病理学显示明显炎症细胞浸润;BALF中的中性粒细胞比例、MPO活性及TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6含量显著升高(P<0.05),IL-10含量降低(P<0.05);Western blot结果显示肺组织中I-κBα蛋白含量降低,磷酸化NF-κB的蛋白含量升高(P<0.05)。与ALI组比较,高剂量TPC组和地塞米松组小鼠肺组织病理炎症明显减轻;BALF中的中性粒细胞比例、髓过氧化物酶活性及TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6含量明显降低(P<0.05),IL-10含量升高(P<0.05);肺组织中I-κBα蛋白含量升高,磷酸化NF-κB的蛋白含量降低(P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较,支气管哮喘组小鼠肺组织病理有明显的炎症细胞及肥大细胞浸润;小鼠血清中的IgE和IL-13含量升高(P<0.05)。与支气管哮喘组相比,高剂量TPC组和地塞米松组小鼠肺组织病理炎症细胞及肥大细胞减少;小鼠血清中的IgE含量下降(P<0.05)。地塞米松组小鼠IL-13含量下降(P<0.05)。结论:TPC能在一定程度上预防脂多糖诱导的小鼠ALI,减轻支气管哮喘模型小鼠的过敏反应,其机制与抑制炎症反应、减少肥大细胞浸润和IgE生成有关。

血清miR-223、IL-6水平与复杂型热性惊厥患儿脑损伤的关系

目的 探讨血清微小核糖核酸-223(miR-223)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)与复杂型热性惊厥(CFS)患儿脑损伤的关系。方法 选取124例CFS患儿(CFS组),根据是否发生脑损伤将CFS患儿分为脑损伤组39例和无脑损伤组85例,另选取46名同期健康儿童(对照组)为对照。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应与酶联免疫吸附法检测血清miR-223与IL-6水平。Spearman相关性法分析血清miR-223、IL-6在CFS患者血清中的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析影响CFS患儿脑损伤的因素,受试者工作特征曲线分析血清miR-223、IL-6水平对CFS患儿脑损伤的预测价值。结果 与对照组比较,CFS组血清miR-223水平降低,IL-6水平升高(P均<0.05)。CFS患儿血清miR-223与IL-6水平呈负相关(r=-0.800,P<0.05)。124例CFS患儿脑损伤发生率为31.45%(39/124)。全身抽搐、惊厥发作次数≥2次、惊厥发作持续时间≥5 min、IL-6升高为CFS患儿脑损伤的独立危险因素,miR-223升高为独立保护因素(P均<0.05)。血清miR-223、IL-6水平联合预测CFS患儿脑损伤的曲线下面积为0.899,大于血清miR-223、IL-6水平单独预测的0.803、0.780(P均<0.05)。结论 血清miR-223水平降低和IL-6水平升高与CFS患儿脑损伤密切相关,血清miR-223、IL-6水平联合预测CFS患儿脑损伤的价值较高。