Cement industrial emissions account for 32% of air pollution in Cambodia. With that in mind, we examined the environmental impact of Cambodia’s cement industry and identified ways that it could reduce air pollution. ...Cement industrial emissions account for 32% of air pollution in Cambodia. With that in mind, we examined the environmental impact of Cambodia’s cement industry and identified ways that it could reduce air pollution. The study focused on raw material extraction and preparation, calcination, and cement preparation. Data for the life-cycle inventory were provided by the Kampot Cement Plant. Air emissions were assessed using EMEP/EEA and IPCC criteria, and the impact assessment used ReCiPe (2016). The baseline analysis revealed that calcination contributed the most air pollutants, so mitigation scenarios focused on alternative fuels only during the calcination stage of cement production: 1) 100% coal (S1);2) 93% coal and 7% biomass (S2);3) 85% coal and 15% biomass (S3);4) 70% coal and 30% biomass (S4);and 5) 50% coal and 50% biomass (S5). The results demonstrated that certain mitigation measures reduced major emissions and environmental damage. S5 had the best results, reducing CO<sub>2</sub> by 49.97, NOx by 2.233, and SO<sub>2</sub> by 49.333%;however, it increased PM<sub>2.5</sub> by 19.60% and total heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn) output by 28.113%. The results of the study showed reductions in serious health and environmental effects associated with climate change of 48.83%, ozone generation of 9.62%, and particulate matter formation of 28.80%. However, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human toxicity increased by 35.66%. Therefore, such mitigation effect would be benefit to carbon reduction target in Cambodia.展开更多
The midpoint impact assessment methodology and several weighting methods that are currently used by most building Life cycle assessment (LCA) researchers in China, still have some shortcomings. In order to make the ev...The midpoint impact assessment methodology and several weighting methods that are currently used by most building Life cycle assessment (LCA) researchers in China, still have some shortcomings. In order to make the evaluation results have better temporal and spatial applicability, the endpoint impact assessment methodology was adopted in this paper. Based on the endpoint damage oriented concept, four endpoints of resource exhaustion, energy exhaustion, human health damage and ecosystem damage were selected according to the situation of China and the specialties of the building industry. Subsequently the formula for calculating each endpoint, the background value for normalization and the weighting factors were defined. Following that, an endpoint damage oriented model to evaluate the life cycle environmental impact of buildings in China was established. This model can produce an integrated indicator for environmental impact, and consequently provides references for directing the sustainable building design.展开更多
文摘Cement industrial emissions account for 32% of air pollution in Cambodia. With that in mind, we examined the environmental impact of Cambodia’s cement industry and identified ways that it could reduce air pollution. The study focused on raw material extraction and preparation, calcination, and cement preparation. Data for the life-cycle inventory were provided by the Kampot Cement Plant. Air emissions were assessed using EMEP/EEA and IPCC criteria, and the impact assessment used ReCiPe (2016). The baseline analysis revealed that calcination contributed the most air pollutants, so mitigation scenarios focused on alternative fuels only during the calcination stage of cement production: 1) 100% coal (S1);2) 93% coal and 7% biomass (S2);3) 85% coal and 15% biomass (S3);4) 70% coal and 30% biomass (S4);and 5) 50% coal and 50% biomass (S5). The results demonstrated that certain mitigation measures reduced major emissions and environmental damage. S5 had the best results, reducing CO<sub>2</sub> by 49.97, NOx by 2.233, and SO<sub>2</sub> by 49.333%;however, it increased PM<sub>2.5</sub> by 19.60% and total heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn) output by 28.113%. The results of the study showed reductions in serious health and environmental effects associated with climate change of 48.83%, ozone generation of 9.62%, and particulate matter formation of 28.80%. However, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human toxicity increased by 35.66%. Therefore, such mitigation effect would be benefit to carbon reduction target in Cambodia.
基金the National "11th Five-year" Technical Supporting Project (Grant No. 2006BAJ01A10)
文摘The midpoint impact assessment methodology and several weighting methods that are currently used by most building Life cycle assessment (LCA) researchers in China, still have some shortcomings. In order to make the evaluation results have better temporal and spatial applicability, the endpoint impact assessment methodology was adopted in this paper. Based on the endpoint damage oriented concept, four endpoints of resource exhaustion, energy exhaustion, human health damage and ecosystem damage were selected according to the situation of China and the specialties of the building industry. Subsequently the formula for calculating each endpoint, the background value for normalization and the weighting factors were defined. Following that, an endpoint damage oriented model to evaluate the life cycle environmental impact of buildings in China was established. This model can produce an integrated indicator for environmental impact, and consequently provides references for directing the sustainable building design.
