ANALYSIS FOR THERMAL BEHAVIOR AND ENERGY SAVINGS OF A SEMI-DETACHED HOUSE WITH DIFFERENT INSULATION STRATEGIES IN A HOT SEMI-ARID CLIMATE

The purpose of this research is to assess thermal performance and energy saving of a residential building in the hot semi-arid climate of Marrakech(Morocco).The studied house is built as usual in Marrakech without any thermal insula-tion except for its external walls,facing East and West,which are double walls with a 5 cm air gap in between(“cavity wall”technique).The cavity wall effec-tive thermal conductivity was carefully calculated taking into account both radia-tion and convection heat transfers.Experimental results,obtained from winter and summer monitoring of the house,show well dampening of air temperature,thanks to its thermal inertia.However,this temperature remained outside the standard thermal comfort zone leading to large cooling/heating load.Simula-tion results indicate that the cavity wall contributes to an overall reduction of 13%and 5%of the house heating and cooling loads respectively.Moreover,the addition of XPS roof thermal insulation significantly enhances the heating and cooling energy savings to 26%and 40%respectively.

The Impact of Optimum Insulation Thickness of External Walls to Energy Saving and Emissions of CO2 and SO2 for Turkey Different Climate Regions

In this study, the optimum insulation thickness of the external walls of the housing and it’s energy saving and environmental impact in the provinces—Ardahan, Aydin, Eskisehir and Samsun—located in four different climate regions of Turkey was calculated for the expanded polystyrene and polyurethane insulation materials. Natural gas and coal were selected as fuels. Ardahan in the coldest climate region and Aydin in the hottest climate region, for the coal and optimum thickness of expanded polystyrene and polyurethane insulation materials, the reduction of CO2 and SO2 emissions. In the study, the relations between annual energy cost saving and insulation thickness are given. The value of energy cost saving increases up to optimum insulation thickness and beyond this level, the energy cost saving is decreased. For coal and optimum thickness of expanded polystyrene and polyurethane insulation materials, the energy cost savings was higher for the cold climate regions when it was compared with the hot climate regions.

Applications of Low-Emissivity Hybrid Insulation in South Korea

Low-Emissivity Hybrid Insulation has been developed in South Korea. It combines both resistive and reflective insulating principle. It is composed with many layers of reflective aluminum foils and honeycomb-structure air cells with polyethylene foam. This paper introduces recent South Korean building insulation code and the applications of Low-Emissivity Hybrid Insulation to meet the code.

Optimal Thermal Insulation Thickness in Isolated Air-Conditioned Buildings and Economic Analysis

The removal building heat load and electrical power consumption by air conditioning system are proportional to the outside conditions and solar radiation intensity. Building construction materials has substantial effects on the transmission heat through outer walls, ceiling and glazing windows. Good thermal isolation for buildings is important to reduce the transmitted heat and consumed power. The buildings models are constructed from common materials with 0 - 16 cm of thermal insulation thickness in the outer walls and ceilings, and double-layers glazing windows. The building heat loads were calculated for two types of walls and ceiling with and without thermal insulation. The cooling load temperature difference method, CLTD, was used to estimate the building heat load during a 24-hour each day throughout spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons. The annual cooling degree-day, CDD was used to estimate the optimal thermal insulation thickness and payback period with including the solar radiation effect on the outer walls surfaces. The average saved energy percentage in summer, spring, autumn and winter are 35.5%, 32.8%, 33.2% and 30.7% respectively, and average yearly saved energy is about of 33.5%. The optimal thermal insulation thickness was obtained between 7 - 12 cm and payback period of 20 - 30 month for some Egyptian Cities according to the Latitude and annual degree-days.

MECHANICAL INSULATION CASE STUDY-TIMELY OPPORTUNITY FOR RETROFITS AND NEW CONSTRUCTION

INTRODUCTION“You won’t find any issues in our newly constructed and retrofitted buildings,”was the response that Lyndon Johnson,representative of the BC Insulators,got from the campus facility manager when explaining the poor state of practice of mechanical insulation,“let me show you one of our showcase buildings.”The building in question had just undergone$80 million in upgrades and was designed to achieve LEED®Silver equivalent rating.The upgrades included a high-performance climate control system that allows for precise control of temperature and humidity in different rooms.“We toured the building and found many problems with the mechanical insulation,”explained Mr.Johnson afterwards,“including substandard finish,adhesive tape lifting,and most disturbing,20 feet of missing insulation on each floor of the building along the dividing line of the two phases of the project.One or both sets of contractors that worked on the job had completely left off the insulation.The saddest part is,this didn’t surprise me given what we know about the state of the industry today.”

Thermal Insulation Materials of Alumina Based Porous Ceramics

Significant energy saving effects can be made through the improvement of furnace refractories,especially the thermal insulation refractories. In this study,the preparation and the application of different alumina based porous ceramics were briefly introduced. Alumina based porous ceramics were prepared combined foaming method with gelcasting,sol- gel process or cement curing process. The influences of different preparation methods on the sintering shrinkage, porosity, phase composition, microstructure, compressive strength and thermal conductivity were discussed. Alumina based porous ceramics with relatively high strength and low thermal conductivity could be obtained through the above mentioned methods. Compared with the traditional lining materials,about 40% energy could be saved when they were used as the furnace wall.

Dynamic thermal performance of multilayer hollow clay walls filled with insulation materials:Toward energy saving in hot climates

This study examines the benefits of incorporating passive techniques into multilayer hollow clay brick walls to improve their dynamic thermal performance.The finite element approach was used to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes and energy equations to analyze the dynamic thermal response of walls exposed to real thermal excitations of the Marrakesh climate.The results show that increasing the emissivity from 0.1 to 0.9 significantly increases the total heat load over 24 h.Furthermore,filling 100% of the cavities with insulation materials delayed the temperature peak by about 2.3 h and lowered the decrement factor by roughly 43%,with a value smaller than 0.07.In addition,it is demonstrated that the total thermal load is reduced by approximately 28% for improved wall configurations(100% insulation filling cavities)compared to traditional wall configurations(100% air filling cavities),which aids in improving building energy efficiency.

建筑热环境与建筑节能相关控制法应用研究 在确定围护结构隔热-节能控制指标中的应用

建筑热环境与建筑节能相关控制法是确定建筑围护结构隔热和隔热 -节能控制指标 (标准 )的一种新科学方法。它是根据 (湖北地区 )建筑室外气候特征参数、室内热环境质量特性参数和围护结构应具有的并能适应当地气候特征的隔热特性参数相关的客观事实 ,提出了室内热环境质量控制条件。由此求出表征室内外热量通过分介面 (围护结构 )交换过程的隔热控制参数的限定值 ,即得到围护结构既能适应当地气候特征又能满足室内热环境质量要求的隔热控制指标 (标准 )。进而通过节能要求指标〔ε〕min的转换作用因子 ,窗墙面积比 S的转换作用因子 ,最后可求出围护结构—墙和窗的隔热控制指标与隔热——节能控制指标 ,用以控制建筑隔热与建筑节能设计。

FHP-Vc无机复合硅酸盐保温隔热板及其在住宅节能中的应用

阐述了在建筑节能工程中选用高效保温隔热材料的基本要求 ,分析比较了传统保温隔热材料的综合性能 ,介绍了在实际节能工程中采用一种新型无机复合硅酸盐保温隔热材料 (FHP -Vc板 )作为围护结构保温隔热的构造作法及其技术经济分析。

浅谈Low-E中空玻璃的种类

与人口飞速上涨相反,地球上的能源却在一天天减少。我国的能源消耗是非常大的,而建筑耗能在整个能源消耗中占有主导作用,因此,建筑节能也就显得尤为重要!建筑采用Low-E玻璃是目前最为有效的节能措施。

改性硅溶胶-苯丙乳液复合涂层的制备及性能

目的以硅溶胶、苯丙乳液为主要原材料,制备高性能有机-无机复合涂层,并为其应用提供一定价值的参考。方法采用KH550、KH560以及KH570等3种硅烷偶联剂依次对硅溶胶进行接枝改性,选用改性效果较好的硅溶胶,制备改性硅溶胶添加量为0%、35%、70%、105%(相对于苯丙乳液的质量百分比)的4种涂层。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、马尔文Zeta电位仪以及扫描电子显微镜对硅溶胶的改性效果进行表征,用多功能材料表面性能试验仪等涂层力学测试仪、紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计、扫描电子显微镜分别对4种涂层的力学性能、隔热节能性能及微观形貌进行表征。结果KH560对碱性硅溶胶的接枝改性效果最优。向苯丙乳液中添加一定量的改性硅溶胶可以显著提升涂层性能。当改性硅溶胶添加量为苯丙乳液质量的70%时,涂层综合性能提升最高,此时涂层太阳光反射比为0.683,近红外反射比为0.624,附着力为3.85 MPa,1000圈磨损后的质量损失率为53%,抗拉强度为5.4 MPa,但断裂伸长率降低较为明显,仅为49.8%。结论KH560更适合对碱性硅溶胶进行接枝改性。添加KH560改性硅溶胶后,苯丙乳液涂层的力学性能、隔热节能性能得到了显著提升。实际使用时,建议改性硅溶胶添加量为苯丙乳液质量的70%。

稻秆-硫铝酸钙水泥复合保温建筑材料的制备及性能

以水稻秸秆为骨料,硫铝酸钙水泥为胶凝材料,制备了稻秆-硫铝酸钙水泥复合保温建筑材料.研究了稻秆长度(L)、稻秆与硫铝酸钙水泥的质量比(Wr/W)、成型方式对复合材料的形貌、力学性能、热学性能、以及吸水吸湿性能的影响。结果表明,与浇筑成型相比,压铸成型制备的复合材料结构更加密实,具有更高的力学强度,更低的吸水率和吸湿率,更小的导热系数.以L=1.0 cm、Wr/W=12%、通过压铸成型制备的复合材料导热系数为0.071 W/(m·K)、抗压强度为21.0 MPa、抗折强度为13.5 MPa、吸水率为11.0%、吸湿率为10.0%.稻秆-硫铝酸钙水泥复合保温建筑材料在节能建筑方面有着良好的应用前景。

天津陈塘庄电厂-迎丰变220kV线路工程设计特点

天津陈塘庄电厂-迎丰变220 k V线路工程,是国网天津市电力公司全面贯彻全寿命周期管理理念的输电线路建设的先进典型。本文对工程的设计创新实践成果进行介绍,主要设计亮点有:新型节能导线应用、良导体地线和OPGW均采用分段绝缘单点接地运行方式、导线呈"双曲线"紧缩型布置杆塔规划设计、双回路(鹰嘴)蝶形钻越塔、大截面角钢应用、后注浆灌注桩、栈桥施工方案等。

基于建筑表面太阳辐射监测的智能化二氧化碳压缩制冷-隔热式建筑

为降低华南地区建筑的制冷耗能,实现建筑物外表面隔热散热,本文建立了一种以布置于建筑物表面的二氧化碳风道为基础,风道根据监控太阳辐射的强度进行智能化区块调控的建筑模型,采用二氧化碳亚临界压缩式制冷理论循环,计算本系统的耗功量与未安装系统的耗功量.理论计算结果表明:当系统具有二氧化碳风道后,模拟的建筑室内空调压缩机可节省耗功量0.366 kW,与未安装二氧化碳风道相比,能耗节省近14.8%,此建筑模型应用在大型建筑时节能效果尤为显著.

穹顶之下-UPVC高性能系统门窗对减少雾霾的重要作用

近年来,随着雾霾问题的日益严重,环保和节能的主题已经渐渐进入人们的视野。尤其是建筑供暖对空气产生的污染,对于城市雾霾的形成也占了很大的比重。建筑能耗已经占整个社会能耗的三分之一,要做到不影响社会生产的节能,如何减少建筑能耗,就成了最行之有效的办法之一。窗户的热损失将近占建筑热损失的一半,UPVC高性能系统塑窗的使用可以既经济又有效的降低建筑能耗。本文先分析了国内外塑窗的发展状况,接着介绍了近年来各地政府在建筑节能标准上的推进,这对塑窗的发展也是个机遇。然后重点对UPVC高性能系统塑窗做了重新定义和表述。最后以维卡MD82系统为例,对高性能系统塑窗的研发状况做了介绍。

外墙BX-A1热固型改性EPS保温板施工质量控制

介绍了BX-A1热固型改性EPS保温板的性能特点,以某学校工程为例,从基层处理、固定悬挂基准线、调配聚合物砂浆、保温板粘贴、抗裂砂浆施工等方面,阐述了其施工要点,指出该保温板耐热性强、节能环保、保温效果好,值得推广应用。

多功能内外墙保温-装饰一体化组合系统浅探

介绍了多功能内外墙保温-装饰一体化组合系统的构造,各部品的材料组成及主要性能,相变储能材料的节能机理,内墙保温-装饰一体化系统的调温调湿抗菌机理以及在新农村建设中的应用效果。

高层建筑水泥灰-膨胀蛭石混合料保温隔热屋面施工技术分析

以江苏南通某高层建筑水泥灰-膨胀蛭石混合料保温屋面工程施工为例,从节能材料资源化再利用的角度介绍一种新型复合保温屋面设计与施工方法。该方法主要以垃圾焚烧灰资源化利用为技术导向,将垃圾焚烧灰作为半胶凝活性掺合料应用于屋面保温构造。屋面保温构造设计主要依靠双重保温隔热构造措施;一是由水泥、石灰、垃圾焚烧灰、膨胀蛭石和水按照一定比例配制而成的水泥灰-膨胀蛭石混合料;二是纤维增强硅酸钙板。文章重点介绍了水泥灰-膨胀蛭石混合料的配合比设计和保温屋面施工工艺,可为垃圾焚烧灰资源化工程应用提供一定的理论借鉴。

浅谈如何提高PVC-U塑料窗的保温性能

塑料窗作为建筑物的外围护结构之一,直接影响到建筑物的节能性能,提高窗体的保温性能是降低建筑物能耗的主要途径。可通过优化框型材材性和断面设计、降低玻璃的传热系数、提高塑料窗气密性和设计合理的窗框比来提高PVC-U塑料窗的保温性能。

节能墙体隔热材料在住宅建筑设计中的研究

现今新型建筑节能墙体材料常运用于住宅建筑中,故本研究针对新型建筑节能材料特点,分析其在住宅建筑的应用,并对不同规模的墙体总厚度在不同室外环境温度下的能耗对比。试验结果表明,墙体总厚度在105mm条件下,当室外环境温度为40℃时,空调的降温能耗相差3.2℃,此时差值最大,空调降温能耗的降低趋势均减缓,建筑的节能效果明显降低。在室外环境为–30℃时,空调的取暖能耗相差为4.8℃,取暖能耗均呈现降低的趋势。由此可见,在外界环境高、低气温环境下均能获得较为显著的建筑节能效果,但墙体总厚度超过105mm时其实用价值不大。