Energy consumption prediction model of typical buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone of China

To overcome the shortcomings of the energyconsumption prediction models in the application during thedesign stage, a quick prediction model for energy consumptionis proposed based on the decoupling method. Taking typicalresidential and office buildings in hot summer and cold winterzones as research objects, the influence factors on buildingenergy consumption are classified into intrinsic factors andoperational factors on the basis of the heat transfer principle.Then, using the intrinsic factors as the fundamental variablesand operational factors as the modified variables, the quickprediction model for the buildings in typical cold and hot zonesis proposed based on the decoupling method and the accuracyof the proposed model is verified. The results show thatcompared to the simulation results of EnergyPlus, the relativeerror of the prediction model is less than 1.5% ; comparedwith the real operating data of the building, the relative erroris 13.14% in 2011 and 8.56% in 2012 due to the fact that thecoincidence factor becomes larger than the design value about16% in 2011 and 13% in 2012. The finding reveals that theproposed model has the advantages of rapid calculationcompared with EnergyPlus and Design Builder when predictingbuilding energy consumption in building designs. The energyconsumption prediction model is of great practical value inoptimal operation and building designs.

China’s Structural Energy Conservation: Analysis and Proposals

Given the increasing dependence of development on energy consumption, an understanding of the rules and trends of national energy consumption is required for boosting social energy conservation. By using two models -- the structural evolution energy consumption model and the structural evolution per-unit energy consumption model, this article attempts to make an international comparison of the industrial structure development versus energy consumption patterns in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, and India. The results of this analysis indicate that the dominance of secondary industry over the industrial structure evolution process noticeably accelerates national energy consumption at the initial stage of modernization. Subsequently, a slowdown in energy consumption as a result of industrial structure development yields effects as the diversification process speeds up. Under such influence, energy consumption per unit of GDP follows an inverted U-shaped curve from rise to decline. As one of the world’s major energy producers and consumers, China has long employed a one- sided sector development policy. Under the influence of this policy, national energy conservation endeavors have been inhibited by the rigidity in its industry structural evolution. Thus, in China, energy consumption per unit of GDP has remained at a high level.

Energy Consumption Analysis and Optimization of Electric Submersible Pump System

Electric submersible pumps account for a considerable proportion in the development of the Bohai Oilfield. Improving the system efficiency of the electric submersible pump wells, ensuring that the units operate in the high-efficiency zone, is essential. Analysis shows that the efficiency of the electric submersible pump system depends on the wear and tear of each component of the submersible pump equipment, the setting of operational parameters, and more importantly, the production status and daily management level of the oil well. Therefore, improving the structural performance of the submersible pump product, optimizing the parameters setting of the oil well, strengthening daily management, establishing a scientific management system, and improving the production management process and system can effectively improve the production efficiency and economic benefits of the oil well, and further achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction. In addition, it is necessary to actively promote the concept and technology of energy saving and emission reduction, encourage oilfield enterprises to explore effective measures to reduce the energy consumption of the electric submersible pump system by strengthening the scientific management system, and achieve a green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of oilfield production to achieve the unity of economic benefits, social benefits, and environmental benefits. This article applies the above measures in the P oilfield to achieve energy optimization of submersible electric pump systems, reducing the daily power consumption of single well submersible electric pump systems by 371 kWh per day, increasing the submersible electric pump's lifespan by 200 days, generating considerable project benefits.

Research on the Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization Model in Colleges and Universities:Taking China University of Geosciences(Beijing)as an Example

The“3060”goal demonstrates China’s responsibility in actively responding to global climate,enhances China’s voice and influence in climate governance,and sets an example of energy conservation and emission reduction for developing countries.As the main institutions that educate people for the Party and the country,colleges and universities have the responsibility to explore the realization path of carbon peak and carbon neutralization against the new problems encountered in the practice of energy conservation and emission reduction in colleges and universities.In response to the national strategy and the action plan of the Ministry of Education,taking the carbon practice of China University of Geosciences(Beijing)as the starting point,this paper conducts benchmarking research on the path of carbon peak and carbon neutralization in universities through the ecological factor method,campus carbon footprint,and questionnaire analysis.

An IoT-Based Energy Conservation Smart Classroom System

With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(IoT).In this article,we describe the design and implementation of an IoT-based energy conser-vation smart classroom system that contributes to energy conservation in the edu-cation domain.The proposed system not only allows the user to access and control IoT devices(e.g.,lights,projectors,and air conditions)in real-time,it also has the capability to aggregate the estimated energy consumption of an IoT device,the smart classroom,and the building based on the energy consumption and cost model that we propose.Moreover,the proposed model aggregates the estimated energy cost according to the Saudi Electricity Company(SEC)rates.Furthermore,the model aggregates in real-time the estimated energy conservation percentage and estimated money-saving percentage compared to data collected when the system wasn't used.The feasibility and benefits of our system have been validated on a real-world scenario which is a classroom in the college of computer science and engineering,Taibah University,Yanbu branch.The results of the experimental studies are promising in energy conservation and cost-saving when using our proposed system.

A review and future prospects of renewable energy in the global energy system

Global energy consumption in the last half century has rapidly increased and is expected to continue to grow over the next 50 years,however,with significant differences.The past increase was stimulated by relatively "cheap" fossil fuels and increased rates of industrialization in North America,Europe and Japan;yet while energy consumption in these countries continues to increase,additional factors make the picture for the next 50 years more complex.These additional complicating factors include China and India's rapid increase in energy use as they represent about a third of the world's population;the expected depletion of oil resources in the near future;and,the effect of human activities on global climate change.On the positive side,the renewable energy(RE) technologies of wind,bio-fuels,solar thermal and photovoltaics(PV) are finally showing maturity and the ultimate promise of cost competitiveness.

Energy Conservation Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Study

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of randomly deployed sensor nodes. These sensor nodes organize themselves into a cooperative network and perform the three basic functions of sensing, computations and communications. Research in WSNs has become an extensive explorative area during the last few years, especially due to the challenges offered, energy constraints of the sensors being one of them. In this paper, a thorough comprehensive study of the energy conservation challenges in wireless sensor networks is carried out. The need for effective utilization of limited power resources is also emphasized, which becomes pre-eminent to the Wireless Sensor Networks.

基于EnergyPlus的玻化微珠保温砂浆保温性能模拟与对比

以典型的办公建筑为例,应用EnergyPlus软件模拟对比了玻化微珠保温砂浆和普通抹面砂浆的保温性能,由此分析了两者的保温性能及建筑节能效果.经模拟分析,在一个采暖期里,玻化微珠保温砂浆内外保温建筑的总能耗仅是普通抹面砂浆建筑的56%,采暖能耗则仅为后者的19%,且室内温度比后者要明显地高.定量化地验证了玻化微珠保温砂浆优异的保温节能效果.

基于Android嵌入式系统低功耗方法研究

阐述了如何减少Android手机功耗,从而做到节电节能效果。不仅从硬件方面阐述减少功耗的方法,而且从最重要的软件程序设计入手来说明减少耗能的方法。由于嵌入式系统能耗与处理器工作频率和电压有关,通过Android的一个简单计算PI值的实验,分别使用单线程和双线程方法编程,同时利用Intel的能耗检验工具GPA来观察程序运行中的处理器电压和频率的变化情况,从而比较耗能在两种不同编程方式下的变化。从运行结果明显看出,使用双线程法编程能耗分析图像中检测出来处理器的频率和电压大大减少,从而使处理器能耗也大大减少。实验充分证明了可以利用优化的编程进行嵌入式系统功耗的优化。

Unidentified Infrared Discrete Emission Bands

Unidentified Infrared emission bands (UIBs) are infrared discrete emissions from circumstellar regions, interstellar media (ISM), star-forming regions, and extragalactic objects for which the identity of the emitting materials is unknown. The main infrared features occur around peaks at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.2, and 12.7 μm with the photon’s rest energy at the peaks 0.376, 0.200, 0.161, 0.144, 0.111, and 0.098 eV, respectively. The UIB emission phenomenon has been studied for about forty five years. The prevailing hypothesis is that the materials responsible for UIB are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. PAHs are thought to be one of the main forms in which carbon exists in space. And yet, not a single member of this group of compounds had been identified in space definitively until now [1]. In frames of Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM), we introduced Dark Matter (DM) particles, named DIONs, with the rest energy 0.199 eV and an energy density of 68.8% of the total energy density of the World. DIONs compose Outer shells of DM Supercluster’s Cores—the main objects of the World [2]. In this paper, we give an explanation of UIB emission based on the self-annihilation of DM particles DIONs and biDIONs (DIONs pairs) with a rest energy about 0.38 eV that depends on the binding energy. To the best of our knowledge, WUM is the only cosmological model in existence that is consistent with UIB emission phenomenon.

Energy conservation in China's coal-fired power industry by installing advanced units and organized phasing out backward production

Coal-fired power is the main power source and the biggest contributor to energy conservation in the past several decades in China.It is generally believed that advanced technology should be counted on for energy conservation.However,a review of the decline in the national average net coal consumption rate(NCCR)of China's coal-fired power industry along with its development over the past few decades indicates that the upgradation of the national unit capacity structure(including installing advanced production and phasing out backward production)plays a more important role.A quantitative study on the effect of the unit capacity structure upgradation on the decline in the national average NCCR suggests that phasing out backward production is the leading factor for the decline in the NCCR in the past decade,followed by the new installation,whose sum contributes to approximately 80%of the decline in the national average NCCR.The new installation has an effective affecting period of about 8 years,during which it would gradually decline from a relatively high value.Since the effect of phasing out backward production may remain at a certain degree given a continual action of phasing out backward capacity,it is suggested that the organized action of phasing out backward production should be insisted on.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMFORT PERCEPTIONS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN UNIVERSITY CLASSROOM BUILDINGS

This paper presents preliminary data on a series of building comfort experiments conducted in the field.We performed physical in-situ measurements and solicited responses from 409(184 female;225 male)university students in six different classrooms at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst during three seasons(fall,winter and spring).Our questions focused on student perception of comfort in varied environmental(temperature and humidity,and air speed)conditions.We collected records of student academic performance in the classes,correlating their comfort perceptions to their test scores.Statistical analysis of classroom environ-mental variables,thermal satisfaction,and student scores suggest that by enhancing thermal comfort,we can improve academic performance.

Creation of a Non-Expanding, Non-Singular Universe

A theory of gravitation in flat space-time is applied to homogeneous, isotropic cosmological models. There are non-singular cosmological models. A natural interpretation is a non-expanding universe. The redshift is an intrinsic effect and not a Doppler effect. The universe contains only energy in the beginning, i.e. no matter exists. In the course of time matter and radiation are created from energy where the whole energy is conserved. Matter increases with time but a certain time after the beginning of the universe the creation of matter is finished and the universe appears like a static one. A modified Hubble law is considered which may explain the high redshifts of objects in the universe without the assumption of dark energy.

数字普惠金融对能源环境效率的影响机制与空间效应

在“双碳”约束日益紧迫和经济下行压力加大的现实背景下,数字普惠金融成为城市经济绿色低碳高质量发展的新动能和可持续增长极。使用非径向方向距离函数测算中国2011-2020年273个地级市能源环境效率,实证检验数字普惠金融对能源环境效率的空间效应及其影响机制。研究发现:(1)能源环境效率呈现出正向空间依赖特征,本地区能源环境效率的提高可以对空间关联地区的能源环境效率产生积极影响。(2)数字普惠金融提高了本地区的能源环境效率,且对周边地区的能源环境效率具有显著正向的空间溢出效应。(3)数字普惠金融主要通过推动节能降耗、促进绿色技术创新和优化产业结构三条途径提高能源环境效率,并且数字普惠金融能通过这三条途径同时提高本地区和周边地区的能源环境效率。(4)数字普惠金融对能源环境效率的正向空间溢出效应在使用深度和数字化程度维度、500km范围内、大型城市、非老工业基地和东部城市更加明显。研究结论为中国能源绿色低碳转型的金融服务优化路径提供了科学决策依据。

Dark Matter Cosmology and Astrophysics

Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) envisions Matter carried from Universe into World from fourth spatial dimension by Dark Matter Particles (DMPs). Luminous Matter is byproduct of Dark Matter (DM) annihilation. WUM introduces Dark Epoch (spanning from Beginning of World for 0.4 billion years) when only DMPs existed, and Luminous Epoch (ever since for 13.8 billion years). Big Bang discussed in standard cosmological model is, in our view, transition from Dark Epoch to Luminous Epoch due to Rotational Fission of Overspinning DM Supercluster’s Cores and annihilation of DMPs. WUM solves a number of physical problems in contemporary Cosmology and Astrophysics through DMPs and their interactions: Angular Momentum problem in birth and subsequent evolution of Galaxies and Extrasolar systems—how do they obtain it;Fermi Bubbles—two large structures in gamma-rays and X-rays above and below Galactic center;Mysterious Star KIC 8462852 with irregular dimmings;Coronal Heating problem in solar physics—temperature of Sun’s corona exceeding that of photosphere by millions of degrees;Cores of Sun and Earth rotating faster than their surfaces;Diversity of Gravitationally-Rounded Objects in Solar system and their Internal Heat;Lightning Initiation problem—electric fields observed inside thunderstorms are not sufficient to initiate sparks;Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes—bursts of high energy X-rays and gamma rays emanating from Earth. Model makes predictions pertaining to Masses of DMPs, proposes New Types of their Interactions. WUM reveals Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters and calculates their values, which are in good agreement with the latest results of their measurements.

高职院校绿色校园建设的实践与探索

高校绿色校园建设已进入发展期,2019年《绿色校园评价标准》的出台,为绿色校园建设指明了方向。通过分析目前绿色校园建设中存在的问题,提出相应对策,将绿色发展、可持续发展、循环经济理论作为绿色校园建设的理论支持;运用绿色科技与绿色技术为高校绿色校园建设的运营、推广提供了技术保障;倡导师生节能减排、低碳环保,为早日实现生态文明建设目标共同努力。

“双碳”目标下的节水与能源协同发展

水与能源具有复杂的耦合关系。为实现碳达峰碳中和“双碳”目标,有效应对全球气候变化挑战,迫切需要研究能源与节水协同发展的对策与措施,探索实现水资源和能源协同安全保障的技术路径。分析了水与能源的耦合关系以及能源生产和消费的发展趋势,提出了节水与能源协同发展对策:一方面需要在能源生产和消费革命过程中落实量水而行,有效降低对水的依赖和负面影响,并结合新能源发展开拓节水新途径;另一方面应将能源节约和高效利用贯穿于水资源开发利用全过程,在宏观层面控制用水规模,优化供水水源结构和水网布局,并在微观层面上实现水资源供用耗排各环节的能源集约利用。

山区铁路工程节能设计关键要素识别研究

为从设计源头减少山区铁路工程能源消耗总量、优化能源消费结构,充分发挥铁路绿色发展优势,开展山区铁路工程节能研究,识别山区铁路工程节能设计关键要素非常重要。首先,分析山区铁路工程能源消耗,梳理山区铁路线路、桥梁、隧道等重点工程的节能要点。在此基础上,提取山区铁路工程节能设计要素和能源消耗要素,并根据各要素属性特点,明确其量化指标,建立山区铁路工程−能源消耗要素及指标体系。其次,结合CRITIC-熵权法与C-OWA算子法构建“山区铁路工程−能源消耗”双层复杂网络模型,依次确定各要素节点重要度、节点间影响强度和节点综合重要度,用以识别山区铁路工程节能设计关键要素。最后,以某山区重大铁路工程某标段为例,验证方法模型并识别出该标段影响施工阶段的节能设计关键要素为:隧道作业设备选型、隧道出渣控制、隧道通风方式选择;影响运营阶段的节能设计关键要素为:曲线半径设置、线路纵坡设置、线路坡度设置、节能坡设置、客站供热设计、客站体形设计。经验证,构建的山区铁路工程−能源消耗要素及指标体系符合山区铁路工程特点,“山区铁路工程−能源消耗”复杂网络模型具有良好的适用性,识别出的节能设计关键要素及其优化建议可为山区铁路工程节能设计提供参考。

基于节能降耗的飞轮储能电力计量技术

飞轮储能电力计量技术,是一种将飞轮储能与电力计量技术相结合的创新型电力管理技术。飞轮储能以其高功率密度、长寿命、快速响应和环保无污染等特点,在电力系统中展现出巨大的应用潜力。而电力计量技术则是电力系统中的重要组成部分,用于准确计量和监测电能的使用情况。将两者结合,飞轮储能电力计量技术旨在提高电力系统的运行效率,优化资源配置,并推动电力行业的可持续发展。本文从节能降耗的角度出发,分析飞轮储能电力计量技术的应用研究情况,并从多个角度阐述未来飞轮储能电力计量技术的应用研究方向,以实现对电力系统的高效、绿色管理。