This review shows the importance of WO_(3)photoanode as a potentially low-cost,efficient,stable,and photoactive material for light-driven water splitting.For such,this manuscript aims to review the most recent publica...This review shows the importance of WO_(3)photoanode as a potentially low-cost,efficient,stable,and photoactive material for light-driven water splitting.For such,this manuscript aims to review the most recent publications regarding the strategies to improve the phoelectroactivity of WO_(3)films for water oxidation.In addition,this review aims to graphically highlight and discuss the general trendings of the photocurrent density response and stability test of the recent outstanding studies in the literature for photoelectrochemical water splitting application.The strategies covered in this review will not only concern the WO_(3)morphology and crystal plane growth,but also the many arrangements possibilities to improve the WO_(3)efficiency for water photoelectrooxidation,such as defect engineering based on oxygen vacancies,doping,decorations,and homo and heterojunctions.All these strategies are compared by the photocurrent density results and by the stability of these photocatalysts.The best results in this sense were observed in cases where the use of heterojunction was applied together with a desired morphology and crystal plane of the WO_(3)photoanode.However,the modifications that caused a decrease in the photocurrent density reaching values that are even lower than the pure WO_(3)were also discussed.In this way,this review intends to improve the knowledge about the synthesis and design of WO_(3)photoanodes to further obtain an efficient photocatalyst to minimize the recombination losses or losses across the interfaces and improve the photoelectroactivity for water splitting in the large-scale application.展开更多
基金supported by the S?o Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)under the grant numbers#2017/21365-8(Costa,M.B.),#2016/12681-0(de Araújo,M.A.),#2019/22131-6(Tinoco,M.V.d.L.),#2018/02950-0(de Brito,J.F.),#2018/16401-8(Mascaro,L.H.),#2013/07296-2(FAPESP/CEPID),#2014/50249-8(FAPESP/GSK),and#2017/11986-5(FAPESP/SHELL)financed in part by the Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–Brasil(CAPES)–Fincance Code 001。
文摘This review shows the importance of WO_(3)photoanode as a potentially low-cost,efficient,stable,and photoactive material for light-driven water splitting.For such,this manuscript aims to review the most recent publications regarding the strategies to improve the phoelectroactivity of WO_(3)films for water oxidation.In addition,this review aims to graphically highlight and discuss the general trendings of the photocurrent density response and stability test of the recent outstanding studies in the literature for photoelectrochemical water splitting application.The strategies covered in this review will not only concern the WO_(3)morphology and crystal plane growth,but also the many arrangements possibilities to improve the WO_(3)efficiency for water photoelectrooxidation,such as defect engineering based on oxygen vacancies,doping,decorations,and homo and heterojunctions.All these strategies are compared by the photocurrent density results and by the stability of these photocatalysts.The best results in this sense were observed in cases where the use of heterojunction was applied together with a desired morphology and crystal plane of the WO_(3)photoanode.However,the modifications that caused a decrease in the photocurrent density reaching values that are even lower than the pure WO_(3)were also discussed.In this way,this review intends to improve the knowledge about the synthesis and design of WO_(3)photoanodes to further obtain an efficient photocatalyst to minimize the recombination losses or losses across the interfaces and improve the photoelectroactivity for water splitting in the large-scale application.
