Energy-Saving Distributed Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Optimization with Dual Resource Constraints Based on Integrated Q-Learning Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer

The distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem(DFJSP)has attracted great attention with the growth of the global manufacturing industry.General DFJSP research only considers machine constraints and ignores worker constraints.As one critical factor of production,effective utilization of worker resources can increase productivity.Meanwhile,energy consumption is a growing concern due to the increasingly serious environmental issues.Therefore,the distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem with dual resource constraints(DFJSP-DRC)for minimizing makespan and total energy consumption is studied in this paper.To solve the problem,we present a multi-objective mathematical model for DFJSP-DRC and propose a Q-learning-based multi-objective grey wolf optimizer(Q-MOGWO).In Q-MOGWO,high-quality initial solutions are generated by a hybrid initialization strategy,and an improved active decoding strategy is designed to obtain the scheduling schemes.To further enhance the local search capability and expand the solution space,two wolf predation strategies and three critical factory neighborhood structures based on Q-learning are proposed.These strategies and structures enable Q-MOGWO to explore the solution space more efficiently and thus find better Pareto solutions.The effectiveness of Q-MOGWO in addressing DFJSP-DRC is verified through comparison with four algorithms using 45 instances.The results reveal that Q-MOGWO outperforms comparison algorithms in terms of solution quality.

Operation optimization strategy of existing residential building energy-saving renovation market:From the perspective of subject behavior

The energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings is a crucial measure to achieve the strategic goal of energy conservation and emission reduction in China and build ecologically livable cities.This article focuses on the perspective of subject behavior,starting from analyzing the current situation and difficulties of the operation of the energy-saving renovation market for existing residential buildings in China,drawing on the practical experience of the operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market abroad.Based on principles such as systematicity,humanization,feasibility,and sustainability,the article constructs an operation optimization system of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market from the perspective of subject behavior.In order to provide a reference for the healthy and orderly operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market,this paper proposes implementation strategies for optimizing the operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market.Suggestions are proposed from four aspects:optimizing the market environment,innovating the financing model,building the information sharing platform,and utilizing the synergies of the main subjects.

Energy-Saving Construction Technologies for Buildings

The development of the construction industry is shifting towards low-carbon construction,so it is necessary to improve and optimize related construction concepts,methods,and processes.By improving resource and energy control efficiency in building projects,minimizing construction waste,and reducing environmental impact,a foundation for the sustainable development of the industry can be established.This paper mainly analyzes the significance of low-carbon energy-saving construction technology and the control factors of construction,summarizes the status quo of the development of building energy-saving construction,and puts forward strategies for applying building energy-saving construction technology.These strategies serve to achieve low-carbon and energy-saving goals to promote the healthy development of energy-saving construction.

Application of Energy-Saving Materials in Architectural Design

The conventional process of building construction is associated with issues such as the waste of construction materials and environmental pollution.Sustainable development highlights the importance of energy conservation and eco-friendly practices.It is essential to use energy-efficient and green materials in building designs to ensure the healthy growth of construction companies.This article discusses the advantages and principles of incorporating energy-saving materials in architectural design.It examines the strategies and critical control points for using energy-saving materials in architectural design,offering guidance for the sustainable development of the construction industry.

Exploration of Energy-Saving Technologies in Building Electrical System Design

Green energy conservation is the mainstream trend in the current development of the construction industry.The application of energy-saving technology in building electrical system design can effectively reduce energy consumption,avoid unnecessary energy consumption,and truly achieve energy conservation and environmental protection.Based on this,the article elaborates on the principles of energy-saving design in building electrical systems,and actively explores the application of energy-saving technologies from different perspectives such as optimizing power supply and distribution system design,adopting high-efficiency energy-saving lighting equipment,applying renewable energy,promoting smart home technology,and improving the efficiency of building electrical equipment.

Green,Sustainable Architectural Bamboo with High Light Transmission and Excellent Electromagnetic Shielding as a Candidate for Energy-Saving Buildings

Currently,light-transmitting,energy-saving,and electromagnetic shielding materials are essential for reducing indoor energy consumption and improving the electromagnetic environment.Here,we developed a cellulose composite with excellent optical transmittance that retained the natural shape and fiber structure of bamboo.The modified whole bamboo possessed an impressive optical transmittance of approximately 60%at 6.23 mm,illuminance of 1000 luminance(lux),water absorption stability(mass change rate less than 4%),longitudinal tensile strength(46.40 MPa),and surface properties(80.2 HD).These were attributed to not only the retention of the natural circular hollow structure of the bamboo rod on the macro,but also the complete bamboo fiber skeleton template impregnated with UV resin on the micro.Moreover,a multilayered device consisting of translucent whole bamboo,transparent bamboo sheets,and electromagnetic shielding film exhibited remarkable heat insulation and heat preservation performance as well as an electromagnetic shielding performance of 46.3 dB.The impressive optical transmittance,mechanical properties,thermal performance,and electromagnetic shielding abilities combined with the renewable and sustainable nature,as well as the fast and efficient manufacturing process,make this bamboo composite material suitable for effective application in transparent,energy-saving,and electromagnetic shielding buildings.

Low-content Pt-triggered the optimized d-band center of Rh metallene for energy-saving hydrogen production coupled with hydrazine degradation

Utilizing the hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis for energy-efficient hydrogen production shows a promising application, which relies on the development and design of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts. Herein, we reported a low-content Pt-doped Rh metallene(Pt-Rhene) for hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis towards energy-saving hydrogen(H_(2)) production, where the ultrathin metallene is constructed to provide enough favorable active sites for catalysis and improve atom utilization.Additionally, the synergistic effect between Rh and Pt can optimize the electronic structure of Rh for improving the intrinsic activity. Therefore, the required overpotential of Pt-Rhene is only 37 mV to reach a current density of-10 mA cm^(-2) in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER), and the Pt-Rhene exhibits a required overpotential of only 11 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) in the hydrazine oxidation reaction(HzOR). With the constructed HER-HzOR two-electrode system, the Pt-Rhene electrodes exhibit an extremely low voltage(0.06/0.19/0.28 V) to achieve current densities of 10/50/100 mA cm^(-2) for energy-saving H_(2) production, which greatly reduces the electrolysis energy consumption. Moreover,DFT calculations further demonstrate that the introduction of Pt modulates the electronic structure of Rh and optimizes the d-band center, thus enhancing the adsorption and desorption of reactant/intermediates in the electrocatalytic reaction.

基于主客观环流分型的强降水数值预报MODE检验方法及其在2019年暖季东北地区的应用

本文构建了基于主客观环流分型的强降水数值预报空间检验(MODE)方法框架,并利用该框架对欧洲中期天气预报中心全球模式(ECMWF)和中国气象局区域中尺度数值天气预报模式(CMA_MESO)的2019年暖季东北地区强降水预报进行检验。结果表明,2019年暖季东北地区54个强降水日的环流型可分为:西风槽型(15个)、副热带高压影响型(13个)、急流型(5个)、西部(12个)和东部冷涡型(9个)。其中,西风槽型和急流型以区域性强降水为主,模式对其强降水发生与否的预报能力强,TS评分较高;西部、东部冷涡型强降水的局地性强,模式对其强降水发生与否的预报能力差,TS评分低;副热带高压影响型也以区域性强降水为主,模式对其强降水发生与否的预报能力也比较强,但是对其强降水质心位置、强度、面积等属性预报偏差较大,TS评分也相对较低。另外,从两种模式预报性能对比看,CMA_MESO强降水强度和面积预报较实况普遍偏强,虽然其预报的TS评分一般高于ECMWF,但其对强降水预报的空报率也都比ECMWF大,对强降水的属性预报偏差一致性一般也低于ECMWF,其预报的可订正性整体上不及ECMWF。

一种基于粗糙熵的改进K-modes聚类算法

K-modes聚类算法被广泛应用于人工智能、数据挖掘等领域。传统的K-modes聚类算法有不错的聚类效果,但是存在迭代次数多、计算量大、容易受到冗余属性的干扰等问题,且仅采用简单的0-1匹配的方法来定义2个样本属性值之间的距离,没有充分考虑每个属性对聚类结果的影响。针对上述问题,该文将粗糙熵引入K-modes算法。首先利用粗糙集属性约简算法消除冗余属性,确定各属性的重要程度;然后利用粗糙熵确定每个属性的权重,从而定义新的类内距离。将该文所提算法与传统的K-modes聚类算法分别在4组公开数据集上进行对比试验。试验结果表明,该文所提算法聚类准确率比传统的K-modes聚类算法更高。

Design of Diversified Intelligent Control System for Energy-saving Optimization of Solar Greenhouse in North China

Intelligent greenhouse can promote the development of modern agriculture, realize the high quality and high yield of crops, and also bring greater economic benefits. In accordance with the climate conditions in northwest China, a set of intelligent control system for diversified environment of solar greenhouse was designed. The system divides the annual greenhouse control into six stages according to the optimal energy saving. It uses modern detection technology to collect the greenhouse environmental temperature, environmental humidity, soil humidity, CO_(2) concentration and illumination parameters under different working modes. It uses programmable logic control technology to realize the data processing of various parameters and the action control of rolling film, wet curtain fan and other actuators. It uses KingView monitoring software to realize the monitoring and manual control of greenhouse environment parameters. The operation results indicate that the control system runs stably and basically meets the control requirements.

UAV-assisted data collection for wireless sensor networks with dynamic working modes

Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a cornerstone of Internet of Things(IoT)and has rich application scenarios.In this work,we consider a heterogeneous WSN whose sensor nodes have a diversity in their Residual Energy(RE).In this work,to protect the sensor nodes with low RE,we investigate dynamic working modes for sensor nodes which are determined by their RE and an introduced energy threshold.Besides,we employ an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)to collect the stored data from the heterogeneous WSN.We aim to jointly optimize the cluster head selection,energy threshold and sensor nodes’working mode to minimize the weighted sum of energy con-sumption from the WSN and UAV,subject to the data collection rate constraint.To this end,we propose an efficient search method to search for an optimal energy threshold,and develop a penalty-based successive convex approximation algorithm to select the cluster heads.Then we present a low-complexity iterative approach to solve the joint optimization problem and discuss the implementation procedure.Numerical results justify that our proposed approach is able to reduce the energy consumption of the sensor nodes with low RE significantly and also saves energy for the whole WSN.

Behavior characteristics and market operation problems of existing building energy-saving renovation market

The long-term and effective implementation of the existing building energy efficiency renovation depends on the development of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market.The key to the development of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market is the joint role of the market players.Starting with the analysis of the externalities and information asymmetry of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market,this paper analyzes the behavioral characteristics and influencing factors of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market entities(central government,local government,owners,energy conservation service enterprises,third-party evaluation institutions,and other market entities),and reveals the problems of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market,such as the absence of government,the lack of main power,and the lack of financing channels,Thus,it lays a platform foundation for the research on the behavior strategy and security system of the existing building energy-s aving renovation market.

Multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization system and implementation strategy for energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings

The core of the healthy and orderly operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market lies in the exploration of the implementation mechanism of multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization.The multi-agent and multi-objective integrated optimization system framework is a powerful tool to guide the scientific decision-making of the market core structural entities in the future market practice. This paper analyzes the practical dilemma of energy-saving renovation of theexisting residential buildings in China, summarizes the practical experience of multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization of energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings in foreign countries, and puts forward beneficial practical enlightenment on the basis of comparison at home and abroad;The design principles of the target integrated optimization system have established a multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization system framework for the energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings, from six aspects: government guidance, trust consensus, value co-creation, risk sharing, revenue sharing, and social responsibility sharing. This paper proposes a multi-subject and multi-objective integrated practice strategy, in order to promote the efficient and orderly development of China's existing residential building energy-saving renovation market.

Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control for Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robots:A Barrier Function Sliding Mode Approach

The trajectory tracking control performance of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots(NWMRs)is subject to nonholonomic constraints,system uncertainties,and external disturbances.This paper proposes a barrier function-based adaptive sliding mode control(BFASMC)method to provide high-precision,fast-response performance and robustness for NWMRs.Compared with the conventional adaptive sliding mode control,the proposed control strategy can guarantee that the sliding mode variables converge to a predefined neighborhood of origin with a predefined reaching time independent of the prior knowledge of the uncertainties and disturbances bounds.Another advantage of the proposed algorithm is that the control gains can be adaptively adjusted to follow the disturbances amplitudes thanks to the barrier function.The benefit is that the overestimation of control gain can be eliminated,resulting in chattering reduction.Moreover,a modified barrier function-like control gain is employed to prevent the input saturation problem due to the physical limit of the actuator.The stability analysis and comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed BFASMC can ensure the prespecified convergence performance of the NWMR system output variables and strong robustness against uncertainties/disturbances.

Real-Time 4-Mode MDM Transmission Using Commercial 400G OTN Transceivers and All-Fiber Mode Multiplexers

Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing(MDM)technique is considered a promising candidate to enhance the capacity of an optical transmission system,in which mode multiplexers/demultiplexers(MMUX/MDEMUX)with low insertion loss and modal crosstalk are the key components.In this paper,a low-modal-crosstalk 4-mode MMUX/MDEMUX for the weakly-coupled triple-ring-core few-mode fiber(TRC-FMF)is designed and fabricated with side-polishing processing.The measurement results show that a pair of MMUX/MDEMUX and 25 km weakly-coupled TRC-FMF MDM link achieve low modal crosstalk of lower than−17.5 dB and insertion loss of lower than 11.56 dB for all the four modes.Based on the TRC-FMF and all-fiber MMUX/MDEMUX,an experiment for 25 km real-time 4-mode 3-λwavelength division multiplexing(WDM)-MDM transmission is conducted using commercial 400G optical transport network(OTN)transceivers.The experimental results prove weakly-coupled MDM techniques facilitate a smooth upgrade of the optical transmission system.

Control method based on DRFNN sliding mode for multifunctional flexible multistate switch

To address the low accuracy and stability when applying classical control theory in distribution networks with distributed generation,a control method involving flexible multistate switches(FMSs)is proposed in this study.This approach is based on an improved double-loop recursive fuzzy neural network(DRFNN)sliding mode,which is intended to stably achieve multiterminal power interaction and adaptive arc suppression for single-phase ground faults.First,an improved DRFNN sliding mode control(SMC)method is proposed to overcome the chattering and transient overshoot inherent in the classical SMC and reduce the reliance on a precise mathematical model of the control system.To improve the robustness of the system,an adaptive parameter-adjustment strategy for the DRFNN is designed,where its dynamic mapping capabilities are leveraged to improve the transient compensation control.Additionally,a quasi-continuous second-order sliding mode controller with a calculus-driven sliding mode surface is developed to improve the current monitoring accuracy and enhance the system stability.The stability of the proposed method and the convergence of the network parameters are verified using the Lyapunov theorem.A simulation model of the three-port FMS with its control system is constructed in MATLAB/Simulink.The simulation result confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy based on a comparative analysis.

Trajectory tracking guidance of interceptor via prescribed performance integral sliding mode with neural network disturbance observer

This paper investigates interception missiles’trajectory tracking guidance problem under wind field and external disturbances in the boost phase.Indeed,the velocity control in such trajectory tracking guidance systems of missiles is challenging.As our contribution,the velocity control channel is designed to deal with the intractable velocity problem and improve tracking accuracy.The global prescribed performance function,which guarantees the tracking error within the set range and the global convergence of the tracking guidance system,is first proposed based on the traditional PPF.Then,a tracking guidance strategy is derived using the integral sliding mode control techniques to make the sliding manifold and tracking errors converge to zero and avoid singularities.Meanwhile,an improved switching control law is introduced into the designed tracking guidance algorithm to deal with the chattering problem.A back propagation neural network(BPNN)extended state observer(BPNNESO)is employed in the inner loop to identify disturbances.The obtained results indicate that the proposed tracking guidance approach achieves the trajectory tracking guidance objective without and with disturbances and outperforms the existing tracking guidance schemes with the lowest tracking errors,convergence times,and overshoots.

MODE降水检验评价指标改进及卷积半径应用

基于对象的诊断检验方法(MODE)受降水临界值、卷积半径、属性权重等参数的影响,合理选取卷积半径并准确表征预报场与观测场之间的空间相似度决定了MODE的应用效果。本文基于2020年夏季贵州54个降水个例,以多源融合降水(CMPA)作为实况,使用MODE和FSS评分(Fractions Skill Score)对中国气象局广东快速更新同化数值预报系统(CMA-GD)24 h日降水预报进行空间检验。结果表明:卷积半径过小易造成MODE提取降水对象过多,而卷积半径过大则导致局部降水信息丢失,无法从降水场中提取到降水对象。不同卷积半径下计算的最大相似度中值(M_(MI))存在突变。在M_(MI)基础上引入面积权重构造面积平均最大相似度(A_(MMI))。A_(MMI)不受提取降水对象个数的影响,较M_(MI)更具有稳定性,用于表征降水场之间的整体空间相似程度更为合理。根据对象总面积随卷积半径的变化将降水分为大范围降水和局部降水2类。大范围降水平均总面积随着卷积半径的增加而增加,A_(MMI)随卷积半径变化不大。随着卷积半径的增加,局部降水平均总面积减小,平均A_(MMI)有所减小。局部降水对卷积半径选取较为敏感,以观测场对象面积变化不超过10%的最大半径作为卷积半径有助于保留降水场大部分信息。

Transition from a filamentary mode to a diffuse one with varying distance from needle to stream of an argon plasma jet

Plasma jet has extensive application potentials in various fields, which normally operates in a diffuse mode when helium is used as the working gas. However, when less expensive argon is used, the plasma jet often operates in a filamentary mode. Compared to the filamentary mode, the diffuse mode is more desirable for applications. Hence, many efforts have been exerted to accomplish the diffuse mode of the argon plasma jet. In this paper, a novel single-needle argon plasma jet is developed to obtain the diffuse mode. It is found that the plasma jet operates in the filamentary mode when the distance from the needle tip to the central line of the argon stream(d) is short. It transits to the diffuse mode with increasing d. For the diffuse mode, there is always one discharge pulse per voltage cycle, which initiates at the rising edge of the positive voltage. For comparison, the number of discharge pulse increases with an increase in the peak voltage for the filamentary mode. Fast photography reveals that the plasma plume in the filamentary mode results from a guided positive streamer,which propagates in the argon stream. However, the plume in the diffuse mode originates from a branched streamer, which propagates in the interfacial layer between the argon stream and the surrounding air. By optical emission spectroscopy,plasma parameters are investigated for the two discharge modes, which show a similar trend with increasing d. The diffuse mode has lower electron temperature, electron density, vibrational temperature, and gas temperature compared to the filamentary mode.

Mode coupling with Fabry-Perot modes in photonic crystal slabs

Fabry–Perot(FP)modes are a class of fundamental resonances in photonic crystal(PhC)slabs.Owing to their low quality factors,FP modes are frequently considered as background fields with their resonance nature being neglected.Nevertheless,FP modes can play important roles in some phenomena,as exemplified by their coupling with guided resonance(GR)modes to achieve bound states in the continuum(BIC).Here,we further demonstrate the genuine resonance mode capability of FP modes PhC slabs.Firstly,we utilize temporal coupled-mode theory to obtain the transmittance of a PhC slab based on the FP modes.Secondly,we construct exceptional points(EPs)in both momentum and parameter spaces through the coupling of FP and GR modes.Furthermore,we identify a Fermi arc connecting two EPs and discuss the far-field polarization topology.This work elucidates that the widespread FPs in PhC slabs can serve as genuine resonant modes,facilitating the realization of desired functionalities through mode coupling.