The Analysis of Limitation of Engel's Coefficient——A Case Study of Rural Areas in Hebei Province

On the basis of introducing relevant theories of Engel's coefficient,this paper analyzes the limitation of these theories in practical application currently in China,for example,continuing to use original theory,not in line with reality of China;comparison invalidity in length and breadth,is not conducive to relevant analysis;culling out the special factors easily causes distortion of conclusion.Taking rural areas in Hebei Province as an example,this paper analyzes the limitation of Engel's coefficient in analyzing the gap of rural economy:in terms of region horizontally,Engel's coefficient neglects the difference of consumption structure among regions,and difference of economic stages among regions;in terms of time vertically,Engel's coefficient neglects the periodic change of consumption structure and the ratio change of different families in different periods.According to the reality of China's rural areas,the correction model of Engel's coefficient is established as follows.Firstly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of total expenditure variation;Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of income variation.Secondly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of variation of(total expenditure educational expenditure-medical expenditure.Thirdly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of total expenditure variation.

The Prediction of Engel's Coefficient and Education Expenditure Based on the Linear Regression Model for Heilongjiang and Ontario

It is meaningful to study trends in food and education expenditure as proportions of total household expenditure.In this study,based on year 2006 to 2017 data from Heilongjiang province in China and Ontario province in Canada,a linear regression model is used to forecast the Engel’s coefficients(proportion spent on food)and the education proportion from year 2018 to 2027 for those two regions.The results suggest that in both regions the Engel’s coefficients show a decreasing trend,while the education expenditure proportions show an increasing trend.The ratios of education expenditure to food expenditure in both places show an increasing trend.

前颞叶切除术与颞下入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗颞叶内侧癫痫疗效对比

目的对比皮层脑电图监测下前颞叶切除术(ATL术)与颞下入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术(SAH术)在颞叶内侧癫痫患者中的应用效果及对术后并发症及神经心理学影响。方法回顾性分析2010年1月~2019年6月我院98例颞叶内侧癫痫手术患者临床资料,依据术式不同分为ATL组53例、SAH组45例。比较两组围术期指标及术后并发症。术后随访1年,依据Engel’s分级统计两组癫痫控制情况,并采用韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS-RC)、韦氏记忆量表(WMS)评价手术对患者神经心理学影响。结果两组手术时间、术中失血比、术后住院时间及术后用药情况比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。ALT组术后并发症总发生率高于较SAH组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年,两组癫痫控制Engel’s分级及总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。术后1年,ALT组WAIS-RC评估中PIQ、VIQ、FIQ及WMS评估中MQ、VM与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但SAH组VIQ、MQ明显高于术前(P<0.05),且VIQ、MQ明显高于同时间点ALT组(P<0.05)。结论ATL术或颞下入路SAH术控制颞叶内侧癫痫患者癫痫发作疗效均较好,而颞下入路SAH术在降低术后并发症风险、促进言语智商及记忆商恢复方面有积极意义。