Adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs) are mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) that are obtained from abundant adipose tissue, adherent on plastic culture flasks, can be expanded in vitro, and have the capacity to differ-entiate i...Adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs) are mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) that are obtained from abundant adipose tissue, adherent on plastic culture flasks, can be expanded in vitro, and have the capacity to differ-entiate into multiple cell lineages. Unlike bone marrow-derived MSCs, ASCs can be obtained from abundant adipose tissue by a minimally invasive procedure, which results in a high number of cells. Therefore, ASCs are promising for regenerating tissues and organs dam-aged by injury and diseases. This article reviews the implications of ASCs in tissue regeneration.展开更多
Aim To evaluate the effects of maxillary sinus floor elevation by a tissue-engineered bone complex of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and autologous osteoblasts in dogs. Methodology Autologous osteoblasts from adul...Aim To evaluate the effects of maxillary sinus floor elevation by a tissue-engineered bone complex of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and autologous osteoblasts in dogs. Methodology Autologous osteoblasts from adult Beagle dogs were cultured in vitro. They were further combined with β-TCP to construct the tissue-engineered bone complex. 12 cases of maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery were made bilaterally in 6 animals and randomly repaired with the following 3 groups of materials: Group A (osteoblasts/D-TCP); Group B (β-TCP); Group C (autogenous bone) (n=4 per group). A polychrome sequential fluorescent labeling was performed post-operatively and the animals were sacrificed 24 weeks after operation for histological observation.Results Our results showed that autologous osteoblasts were successfully expanded and the osteoblastic phenol- types were confirmed by ALP and Alizarin red staining. The cells could attach and proliferate well on the surface of the ~3-TCP scaffold. The fluorescent and histological observation showed that the tissue-engineered bone complex had an earlier mineralization and more bone formation inside the scaffold than β-TCP along or even autologous bone. It had also maximally maintained the elevated sinus height than both control groups. Conclusion Porous 13-TCP has served as a good scaffold for autologous osteoblasts seeding. The tissue-engineered bone complex with β-TCP and autologous osteoblasts might be a better alternative to autologous bone for the clinical edentulous maxillary sinus augmentation.展开更多
The manufacturing industry in 1990’s is faced with se-vere challenge among the global competition for mar-kets.Production for a small quantity and high varietyeven lot-sizes of one-digit numbers products has be-come ...The manufacturing industry in 1990’s is faced with se-vere challenge among the global competition for mar-kets.Production for a small quantity and high varietyeven lot-sizes of one-digit numbers products has be-come a main trend today.Traditional production proce-dure limits the flexibility of the production system.Inthis paper,based on the analysis of the procedure charac-teristics,a design strategy for re-usage of informationand resource is introduced,and an order-oriented pro-cedure model with concurrent,hierarchical and micro-cycle structure for a robust and agile production systemis proposed in order to realize flexible and adaptive pro-duction for dynamically-changing orders.展开更多
Electromechanical actuators(EMAs) are becoming increasingly attractive in the field of more electric aircraft because of their outstanding benefits, which include reduced fuel burn and maintenance cost, enhanced sys...Electromechanical actuators(EMAs) are becoming increasingly attractive in the field of more electric aircraft because of their outstanding benefits, which include reduced fuel burn and maintenance cost, enhanced system flexibility, and improved management of fault detection and isolation. However, electromechanical actuation raises specific issues when being used for safetycritical aerospace applications like flight controls: huge reflected inertia to load, jamming-type failure, and increase of backlash with service due to wear and local dissipation of heat losses for thermal balance. This study proposes an incremental approach for virtual prototyping of EMAs. It is driven by a model-based system engineering process in order to enable simulation-aided design.Best practices supported by Bond graph formalism are suggested to develop a model's structure efficiently and to make the model ready for use(or extension) by addressing the above mentioned issues. Physical effects are progressively introduced, and the realism of lumped-parameter models is increased step-by-step. In particular, multi-level component models are architected to ensure continuity between engineering activities. The models are implemented in the AMESim simulation environment, and simulation responses are given to illustrate how they can be used for preliminary sizing, control design, thermal balance verification, and faults to failure analysis. The proposed best practices intend to provide engineers with fast, reusable, and efficient means to assess performance virtually and enhance maturity, performance, and robustness.展开更多
Establishment of the regeneratable whole-cell catalyst platform for the production ofbiobased polymeric materials is a typical topic of synthetic biology. In this commentary, discovery story of a "lactate-polymerizin...Establishment of the regeneratable whole-cell catalyst platform for the production ofbiobased polymeric materials is a typical topic of synthetic biology. In this commentary, discovery story of a "lactate-polymerizing enzyme" (LPE) and LPE-based achievements for creating a new variety of polyesters with incorporated unnatural monomers are presented. Besides the importance of microbial platform itself is discussed referring to the "ballooning"-Escherichia coli.展开更多
Organic thermoelectrics(OTEs)have been recently intensively investigated as they hold promise for flexible,large-area,and low-cost energy generation or heating–cooling devices for appealing applications,for example,w...Organic thermoelectrics(OTEs)have been recently intensively investigated as they hold promise for flexible,large-area,and low-cost energy generation or heating–cooling devices for appealing applications,for example,wearable energy harvesting.In the past 7 years,n-type OTEs have witnessed a sharp increase in their performance thanks to significant progress in developing and understanding the fundamental physical properties of n-type OTE materials as well as the working principle and physical processes of the TE devices.展开更多
The Lewis acid-catalyzed addition of tri-methylsilyl cyanide to p-chlorobenzaldehyde in a micro-channel reactor was investigated.The microchannel was integrated to promote both reaction and separation of the biphase s...The Lewis acid-catalyzed addition of tri-methylsilyl cyanide to p-chlorobenzaldehyde in a micro-channel reactor was investigated.The microchannel was integrated to promote both reaction and separation of the biphase system.FeF3 and Cu(triflate)2 were used as water-stable Lewis acid catalysts.Sodium dodecyl sulfate was incorporated in the organic-aqueous system to enhance the reactivity and to manipulate the multiphaseflow inside the microchannel.It was found that the dynamics and the kinetics of the multiphase reaction were affected by the new micellar system.Parallel multiphaseflow inside the microchannel was obtained,allowing for continuous and acceptable phase separation.Enhanced selectivity was achieved by operating at lower conversion values.展开更多
Variations in the composition and level of phospholipids (PLs) in yeast cells during industrial ethanol fermentation processes were analyzed. A comparative lipidomic method was used to investigate the changes in tot...Variations in the composition and level of phospholipids (PLs) in yeast cells during industrial ethanol fermentation processes were analyzed. A comparative lipidomic method was used to investigate the changes in total cellular PLs during continuous and fed-batch/batch processes. The phospholipid metabolism in yeast changed during both processes, mainly due to the presence of longchain poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that contained phosphatidyglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS). The complexity of the media affected the growth of the yeast and the membrane composition. Yeast incorporated lots of exogenous saturated and PUFAs from the feedstock during the fermentations. During the continuous fermentation, there was an increase in PLs with shorter chains as the fermentation progressed and early in process there were more longchains. During the fed-batch/batch process, the PG species increased as the fermentation progressed. This is probably due to an inositol deficiency in the earlier part of the fermentation.展开更多
文摘Adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs) are mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) that are obtained from abundant adipose tissue, adherent on plastic culture flasks, can be expanded in vitro, and have the capacity to differ-entiate into multiple cell lineages. Unlike bone marrow-derived MSCs, ASCs can be obtained from abundant adipose tissue by a minimally invasive procedure, which results in a high number of cells. Therefore, ASCs are promising for regenerating tissues and organs dam-aged by injury and diseases. This article reviews the implications of ASCs in tissue regeneration.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 30400502,30772431Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 07DZ22007,08410706400,08JC 141 4400,S30206,Y0203,T0202+1 种基金Shanghai Risingstar Program 05QMX1426,08QH14017Shanghai ShuGuang 07SG 19
文摘Aim To evaluate the effects of maxillary sinus floor elevation by a tissue-engineered bone complex of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and autologous osteoblasts in dogs. Methodology Autologous osteoblasts from adult Beagle dogs were cultured in vitro. They were further combined with β-TCP to construct the tissue-engineered bone complex. 12 cases of maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery were made bilaterally in 6 animals and randomly repaired with the following 3 groups of materials: Group A (osteoblasts/D-TCP); Group B (β-TCP); Group C (autogenous bone) (n=4 per group). A polychrome sequential fluorescent labeling was performed post-operatively and the animals were sacrificed 24 weeks after operation for histological observation.Results Our results showed that autologous osteoblasts were successfully expanded and the osteoblastic phenol- types were confirmed by ALP and Alizarin red staining. The cells could attach and proliferate well on the surface of the ~3-TCP scaffold. The fluorescent and histological observation showed that the tissue-engineered bone complex had an earlier mineralization and more bone formation inside the scaffold than β-TCP along or even autologous bone. It had also maximally maintained the elevated sinus height than both control groups. Conclusion Porous 13-TCP has served as a good scaffold for autologous osteoblasts seeding. The tissue-engineered bone complex with β-TCP and autologous osteoblasts might be a better alternative to autologous bone for the clinical edentulous maxillary sinus augmentation.
文摘The manufacturing industry in 1990’s is faced with se-vere challenge among the global competition for mar-kets.Production for a small quantity and high varietyeven lot-sizes of one-digit numbers products has be-come a main trend today.Traditional production proce-dure limits the flexibility of the production system.Inthis paper,based on the analysis of the procedure charac-teristics,a design strategy for re-usage of informationand resource is introduced,and an order-oriented pro-cedure model with concurrent,hierarchical and micro-cycle structure for a robust and agile production systemis proposed in order to realize flexible and adaptive pro-duction for dynamically-changing orders.
基金supports of the China Scholarship Council(CSC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51275021 and No.61327807)
文摘Electromechanical actuators(EMAs) are becoming increasingly attractive in the field of more electric aircraft because of their outstanding benefits, which include reduced fuel burn and maintenance cost, enhanced system flexibility, and improved management of fault detection and isolation. However, electromechanical actuation raises specific issues when being used for safetycritical aerospace applications like flight controls: huge reflected inertia to load, jamming-type failure, and increase of backlash with service due to wear and local dissipation of heat losses for thermal balance. This study proposes an incremental approach for virtual prototyping of EMAs. It is driven by a model-based system engineering process in order to enable simulation-aided design.Best practices supported by Bond graph formalism are suggested to develop a model's structure efficiently and to make the model ready for use(or extension) by addressing the above mentioned issues. Physical effects are progressively introduced, and the realism of lumped-parameter models is increased step-by-step. In particular, multi-level component models are architected to ensure continuity between engineering activities. The models are implemented in the AMESim simulation environment, and simulation responses are given to illustrate how they can be used for preliminary sizing, control design, thermal balance verification, and faults to failure analysis. The proposed best practices intend to provide engineers with fast, reusable, and efficient means to assess performance virtually and enhance maturity, performance, and robustness.
文摘Establishment of the regeneratable whole-cell catalyst platform for the production ofbiobased polymeric materials is a typical topic of synthetic biology. In this commentary, discovery story of a "lactate-polymerizing enzyme" (LPE) and LPE-based achievements for creating a new variety of polyesters with incorporated unnatural monomers are presented. Besides the importance of microbial platform itself is discussed referring to the "ballooning"-Escherichia coli.
文摘Organic thermoelectrics(OTEs)have been recently intensively investigated as they hold promise for flexible,large-area,and low-cost energy generation or heating–cooling devices for appealing applications,for example,wearable energy harvesting.In the past 7 years,n-type OTEs have witnessed a sharp increase in their performance thanks to significant progress in developing and understanding the fundamental physical properties of n-type OTE materials as well as the working principle and physical processes of the TE devices.
文摘The Lewis acid-catalyzed addition of tri-methylsilyl cyanide to p-chlorobenzaldehyde in a micro-channel reactor was investigated.The microchannel was integrated to promote both reaction and separation of the biphase system.FeF3 and Cu(triflate)2 were used as water-stable Lewis acid catalysts.Sodium dodecyl sulfate was incorporated in the organic-aqueous system to enhance the reactivity and to manipulate the multiphaseflow inside the microchannel.It was found that the dynamics and the kinetics of the multiphase reaction were affected by the new micellar system.Parallel multiphaseflow inside the microchannel was obtained,allowing for continuous and acceptable phase separation.Enhanced selectivity was achieved by operating at lower conversion values.
文摘Variations in the composition and level of phospholipids (PLs) in yeast cells during industrial ethanol fermentation processes were analyzed. A comparative lipidomic method was used to investigate the changes in total cellular PLs during continuous and fed-batch/batch processes. The phospholipid metabolism in yeast changed during both processes, mainly due to the presence of longchain poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that contained phosphatidyglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS). The complexity of the media affected the growth of the yeast and the membrane composition. Yeast incorporated lots of exogenous saturated and PUFAs from the feedstock during the fermentations. During the continuous fermentation, there was an increase in PLs with shorter chains as the fermentation progressed and early in process there were more longchains. During the fed-batch/batch process, the PG species increased as the fermentation progressed. This is probably due to an inositol deficiency in the earlier part of the fermentation.