O-O Analysis of Vehicle Body Design and Establishment of Engineering Database

To establish the object-oriented (O-O) engineering for vehicle body design Methods characteristics of vehicle body design data were analyzed by means of theO-Omethod The analytical results were transformed intothe engineering databasethat canbeusedsufficiently to describe the relative information of vehicle body design data.Results TheO-Oengineeringdatabaseforvehiclebodydesignis realized and practiced in the process ofbody design for a QCJ7082 economical car. Conclusion The method is successful in trans- forming vehicle body design object into engineering database.The database supports each procedure of vehicle body design perfectly

A strategy for lightweight designing of a railway vehicle car body including composite material and dynamic structural optimization

Rolling stock manufacturers are finding structural solutions to reduce power required by the vehicles,and the lightweight design of the car body represents a possible solution.Optimization processes and innovative materials can be combined in order to achieve this goal.In this framework,we propose the redesign and optimization process of the car body roof for a light rail vehicle,introducing a sandwich structure.Bonded joint was used as a fastening system.The project was carried out on a single car of a modern tram platform.This preliminary numerical work was developed in two main steps:redesign of the car body structure and optimization of the innovated system.Objective of the process was the mass reduction of the whole metallic structure,while the constraint condition was imposed on the first frequency of vibration of the system.The effect of introducing a sandwich panel within the roof assembly was evaluated,focusing on the mechanical and dynamic performances of the whole car body.A mass saving of 63%on the optimized components was achieved,corresponding to a 7.6%if compared to the complete car body shell.In addition,a positive increasing of 17.7%on the first frequency of vibration was observed.Encouraging results have been achieved in terms of weight reduction and mechanical behaviour of the innovated car body.

基于Process Designer的白车身数字化工厂数据检查软件开发和应用

为提高规划员检查供应商Process Designer(PD)数据的效率,同时规范供应商的数据设计行为,运用创新思维模式,自主开发了基于PD的白车身数字化工厂数据检查软件。该软件采用.NET环境下的C#语言编程,同时支持数据节点属性和树结构的检查、支持检查规则的可配置功能,增强了软件的可扩展性,软件可以100%检查节点属性和树结构与技术规范的符合性,并提供了良好的报错视图,方便问题的查找和更正。目前该检查软件已经在公司各车型项目上应用,可有效地执行检查工作,极大地提高了数据检查的效率和准确性,一个全新车型项目PD数字化工厂数据总检查时间可从原来的45天缩短到20天左右,是一个降本增效的优秀数字化应用案例。

Process-oriented knowledge-sharing platform for chemical engineering design projects

A process-oriented knowledge-sharing platform is studied to improve knowledge sharing and project management of chemical engineering design enterprises. First, problems and characteristics of knowledge sharing in multi-projects of chemical engineering design are analyzed. Then based on theories of project management, process management, and knowledge management, a process-oriented knowledge-sharing platform is proposed. The platform has three characteristics: knowledge is divided into professional knowledge and project management knowledge; knowledge sharing is integrated with the project process, which makes knowledge sharing a necessary part of the project process and ensures the quantity of knowledge shared; the platform provides quantitative measurements of incentive mechanisms for knowledge providers and users which ensures the quality of knowledge shared. This knowledge-sharing platform uses two knowledge management tools, a knowledge map and a knowledge base, to support the platform.

采用Process Designer的白车身焊装生产线工艺规划研究

白车身焊装生产线工艺规划是决定汽车整车生产周期的重要环节。以先进的数字化工厂技术软件——ProcessDesigner为平台,通过创建制造信息模型和工艺过程模型,实现对白车身焊装生产线的生产信息管理和工艺过程规划,构建了白车身焊装生产线工艺规划系统,并详细描述了其工艺规划实现的具体方法和步骤,最后以某型白车身底板焊装线为例,生成了基于规划系统的数字化三维工厂,对规划结果进行了验证。结果表明,利用该系统进行焊装工艺规划能显著缩短工艺规划时间,提高工艺规划的准确性。

Integration of CAD/CAE System for Casting Process Design

Concurrent engineering is needed to modernize the foundry industry and to reduce the scrap from castings and thus increase the economic profit. This paper presents an integrated 3-D CAD/CAE system for a foundry using concurrent engineering which considers casting structure, casting type, and manufacturing properties in the CAD module to design the pouring system, the riser, the chill core and so on. A visualized solid model is developed for the casting component with the model design enhanced by CAE analysis. Heat transfer and fluid flow simulation are used to analyze the initial design. The whole product development process is analyzed using concurrent engineering methods. The application shows that the integrated system can improve the efficiency of the design and manufacturing process of die casting.

A Framework for the Systematic Design of Hybrid Separation Processe

The design of optimal separation flow sheets for multi-component mixtures is still not a solved problem This is especially the case when non-ideal or azeotropic mixtures or hybrid separation processes are considered. We review recent developments in this field and present a systematic framework for the design of separation flow sheets. This framework proposes a three-step approach. In the first step different flow sheets are generated. In the second step these alternative flow sheet structures are evaluated with shortcut methods. In the third step a rigorous mixed-integer nonlinear programming （MINLP） optimization of the entire flow sheet is executed to determine the best alternative. Since a number of alternative flow sheets have already been eliminated, only a few optimization runs are necessary in this final step. The whole framework thus allows the systematic generation and evaluation of separation processes and is illustrated with the case study of the separation of ethanol and water.

面向新工科建设的仪器类专业数字图像处理课程思政教学案例设计与探索

该文面向新工科建设的“复旦共识”“北京指南”“天大行动”,围绕“新工科建设”和“课程思政育人”两大目标,推进仪器类专业课程思政建设,把思想政治教育贯穿到人才培养体系的全过程,引导学生自尊、自信、自立和自强,强化学生“仪器报国、仪器强国”的使命担当,厚植家国情怀,培养担当民族复兴大任的时代新人。同时探讨结合学校的办学定位、专业特色、人才培养要求,探索课程思政教学与知识教学的有机统一。针对面向仪器类本科生开设的数字图像处理课程,从教学大纲、教案、教材等方面整理补充和仪器仪表行业相关的思政教育元素,设计题材新颖、具有时代特色的仪器类思政教学案例,实现具有“专业知识-思政育人-空天报国-敢为人先”特色的课程思政育人目标,进一步落实课程思政“立德树人成效”根本标准的具体化和可操作化。

A FRAMEWORK FOR APPLICATION OF SYSTEM ENGINEERING PROCESS MODELS TO SUSTAINABLE DESIGN OF HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS

Building owners,designers and constructors are seeing a rapid increase in the number of sustainably designed high performance buildings.These buildings provide numerous benefits to the owners and occupants to include improved indoor air quality,energy efficiency,and environmental site standards;and ultimately enhance productivity for the building occupants.As the demand increases for higher building energy efficiency and environmental standards,application of a set of process models will support consistency and optimization during the design process.Systems engineering process models have proven effective in taking an integrated and comprehensive view of a system while allowing for clear stakeholder engagement,requirements definition,life cycle analysis,technology insertion,validation and verification.This paper overlays systems engineering on the sustainable design process by providing a framework for application of the Waterfall,Vee,and Spiral process models to high performance buildings.Each process model is mapped to the sustainable design process and is evaluated for its applicability to projects and building types.Adaptations of the models are provided as Green Building Process Models.

南京农业大学工科类课程耕读文化建设——以数字图像处理课程为例

加强和改进涉农高校耕读教育是南京农业大学工科类专业课程和耕读文化结合与实践融合建设的新理念,也是新时代党和国家对涉农高校课程建设的新要求。为促进耕读教育落地落实,南京农业大学有效开展耕读教育,注重教育引领,加强教师队伍建设,营造耕读文化氛围,完善相关条件保障,着力培养有思想、爱劳动、能创新的高素质劳动者。该文以数字图像处理课程为例,介绍农业院校工科类专业课程与耕读教育的结合与实践,使耕读文化贯穿于教学的各个环节,实现专业课知识体系和耕读文化的有机统一。

环境工程专业学位硕士试验设计与数据处理课程教学优化——基于国内外三所高校案例

文章比较了清华大学试验设计与分析线上课程和昆士兰大学试验设计线下课程在教学内容和教学方法方面的差异,并分析了各自的特点;在此基础上,介绍了中国矿业大学环境工程专业学位硕士试验设计与数据处理课程结合人才培养目标,进行教学内容和教学方法优化,并实施线上线下混合式教学模式的实践。中国矿业大学的试验设计与数据处理课程教学达到了使学生“懂理论、会应用、能实践”的目标。

以工程案例驱动材料力学双语教学的探索与实践

该文针对机械类专业基础课程材料力学的特点,结合教学实践,从教学内容、教学设计、教学实施、思政融入几方面,探讨如何进行材料力学课程教学的改革,特别是通过全过程工程案例驱动材料力学教学的教学设计,使得课程学习目标明确,提高学生的学习兴趣,达到不断提升教学质量的目的,使得学生在掌握构件强度、刚度以及稳定性的计算与分析方法、培养解决工程复杂问题能力的同时,树立辩证与多视角思维的科学发展观,以促进人才培养能力全面提升。

面向“总师型”人才培养的航天飞行器设计课程创新建设

航天飞行器设计是航空宇航科学与技术相关专业本科生的专业核心课程,以培养“总师型”后备人才基本能力和素养为教学目标。航天飞行器设计涉及要素多、概念多、学科耦合强,强调综合性、系统性和创造性。该文讨论航天飞行器设计课程的四个主要教学难点,结合西北工业大学办学目标,详尽地阐述课程创新建设思路。课程在知识体系、教学方法、教学资源方面持续改革,构建“国防战略牵引-航天思政引入-工程案例分析-虚拟仿真强化”的创新教学模式,论述课程创新建设具体实施过程。通过多维度评价与反馈,课程创新建设效果良好,有力支撑总体专业骨干和总师后备人选培养。

基于价值工程的儿童下肢主动训练矫正器设计

目的 为改善现有儿童下肢主动训练矫正器的外观品质与交互方式,提升产品的整体价值,基于价值工程理论(ValueEngineering,VE)提出一种儿童下肢主动训练矫正器改进设计。方法 首先,结合层次分析法对儿童下肢主动训练矫正器产品功能模块进行划分与功能权重量化;其次,依据价值工程计算原理依次求出各功能要素的功能系数、成本系数和价值系数,利用价值机会分析获取关键功能要素的改进设计方向,为整体价值提升提供设计指导;最后,运用模糊综合评价法对多个改进设计方案进行排序,最终确定优选设计方案。结论 设计评价与验证结果表明改进设计方案在矫正模块和训练模块方面的用户满意度有明显提升。将价值工程理论应用于儿童下肢主动训练矫正器改进设计中具有一定可行性和有效性,对相关产品设计有一定参考与借鉴意义。

新工科建设背景下线上线下混合式教学提升产出导向课程目标达成度的优势及教学设计案例——以“果蔬贮藏加工学”为例

新工科建设背景下的高等工科教育对专业课的高阶性、创新性和挑战度提出了新的要求,传统课堂教学遭遇瓶颈。线上线下混合式教学基于课程目标开展反向教学设计,将线上自主学习和线下课堂教学进行有机的深度融合,聚焦高阶能力的培养,是提高专业课程教学质量和课程目标达成度的有效途径。以“果蔬贮藏加工学”为例阐述了开展混合式教学改革的必要性,并展示了混合式教学设计的案例。

基于故障树的迈腾发动机节气门体实验研究

针对电子节气门体故障引发的迈腾发动机转速不能跟进的故障现象,通过构建符合实际控制逻辑的故障树分析电子节气门体的实验过程。首先根据ETC控制逻辑和GX3电路原理剖析了从体现驾驶员意愿的踏板位置信号传输给J623到G187和G188采集信号向J623反馈节气门开度的整个闭环控制过程,然后建立“迈腾B8L2.0T发动机转速不能跟进”故障树。再依据底事件重要度,采用发动机分析仪FSA740等依次对G186驱动信号、G187和G188共用工作电压、信号电压、信号波形进行测试,最后通过分析波形图,提炼出了占空比信号控制特点、J623提供5 V电源的基本条件、信号电压成互补的方式输出等。实验研究表明:基于故障树选定的节气门体测试项目数据能客观反映电子节气门内在运行规律,为准确判断G186、G187和G188的具体故障部位提供真实的数据支撑。

基于正交设计的鞋面革湿态染整工艺设计与优化

应用正交设计方法,以坯革收缩温度、废液铬含量、坯革增厚率、撕裂力、柔软度、得革率为考察指标,对牛鞋面革湿态染整工艺的复鞣、填充、加脂工序进行设计与优化。试验结果表明,复鞣最佳工艺为醛酸复鞣剂用量6%,转动时间60 min,铬鞣剂用量4%,转动时间90 min;填充最佳工艺为丙烯酸树脂用量4%,氨基树脂用量6%,合成鞣剂用量8%,植物栲胶用量4%;加脂最佳工艺为合成油用量6%,牛蹄油用量3%,卵磷脂用量4%,合成酯用量3%;最佳工艺集成后所制得的鞋面革性能满足QB/T 1873—2010的要求。

用于滑坡探测的电磁仪数据采集电路设计与实现

随着人类社会的高速发展和工程建设的激增,地质环境扰动日益显著,极端气候因素影响日益增多,地质灾害日益频繁发生,对人类的威胁和造成的损失也随之日益加剧。滑坡是其中最主要的地质灾害,因此,研究滑坡发育、发展、发生整个地质过程中伴随的物理现象,研究其信号特征,从而间接获取滑坡发展变化的过程是地质灾害探测或监测的基础性研究,是值得深入探索的科学问题。但是专门用于滑坡探测的电磁仪器关键设计及具体实现的研究尚较缺乏。本研究以电子电路学、嵌入式计算机科学、数字信号处理技术、地球物理以及工程地质等多学科交叉的理论体系为基础,自主研发能用于滑坡探测电磁探测仪功能样机。本设计结合当前电子学科发展水平,将嵌入式多核达芬奇结构工业级计算机系统应用在地球探测仪器领域中,设计并实现了拥有自主知识产权的应用于滑坡探测的关键设备。若进一步完善并市场化,或可解决我国滑坡工程地质灾害监测领域业高端电磁仪器严重依赖进口的难题,可为滑坡不良地质勘察及防护提供强有力的技术支撑。

Recent Developments in the Crystallization Process： Toward the Pharmaceutical Industry

Crystallization is one of the oldest separation and purification unit operations, and has recently contributed to significant improvements in producing higher-value products with specific properties and in building efficient manufacturing processes. In this paper, we review recent developments in crystal engineering and crystallization process design and control in the pharmaceutical industry. We systematically summarize recent methods for understanding and developing new types of crystals such as co-crystals, polymorphs, and solvates, and include several milestones such as the launch of the first co-crystal drug, Entresto （No- vartis）, and the continuous manufacture of Orkambi （Vertex）. Conventional batch and continuous processes, which are becoming increasingly mature, are being coupled with various control strategies and the recently developed crystallizers are thus adapting to the needs of the pharmaceutical industry. The development of crystallization process design and control has led to the appearance of several new and innovative crystal- lizer geometries for continuous operation and improved performance. This paper also reviews major recent orogress in the area of process analytical technology.

化工基础数据获取新范式:机制+数据驱动

基于国家自然科学基金委员会化学科学部科技活动“化工基础数据获取新范式战略研讨会”的研讨成果,聚焦于化工基础数据获取,面向人工智能赋能现代化工基础研究新范式的目标,本文凝练了化工基础理论、模型化研究与人工智能方法深度融合实现化工基础数据精确获取、助力产品设计以及过程与工艺设计的关键科学问题。同时,总结了近年来化工基础数据智能获取、化学与化工研究方法与人工智能相耦合在数据精确扩增、化工机制研究、智能设计等方面的研究进展,并对化工基础数据获取新范式提出建议,有望助力我国化工智能化发展的理论创新和技术突破。