Rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on data-level and feature-level information fusion

To address the limitation of single acceleration sensor signals in effectively reflecting the health status of rolling bearings,a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on the fusion of data-level and feature-level information was proposed.First,according to the impact characteristics of rolling bearing faults,correlation kurtosis rules were designed to guide the weight distribution of multi-sensor signals.These rules were then combined with a weighted fusion method to obtain high-quality data-level fusion signals.Subsequently,a feature-fusion convolutional neural network(FFCNN)that merges the one-dimensional(1D)features extracted from the fused signal with the two-dimensional(2D)features extracted from the wavelet time-frequency spectrum was designed to obtain a comprehensive representation of the health status of rolling bearings.Finally,the fused features were fed into a Softmax classifier to complete the fault diagnosis.The results show that the proposed method exhibits an average test accuracy of over 99.00%on the two rolling bearing fault datasets,outperforming other comparison methods.Thus,the method can be effectively utilized for diagnosing rolling bearing faults.

A Study on Integrated Wavelet Neural Networks in Fault Diagnosis Based on Information Fusion

The tight wavelet neural network was constituted by taking the nonlinear Morlet wavelet radices as the excitation function. The idiographic algorithm was presented. It combined the advantages of wavelet analysis and neural networks. The integrated wavelet neural network fault diagnosis system was set up based on both the information fusion technology and actual fault diagnosis, which took the sub-wavelet neural network as primary diagnosis from different sides, then came to the conclusions through decision-making fusion. The realizable policy of the diagnosis system and established principle of the sub-wavelet neural networks were given. It can be deduced from the examples that it takes full advantage of diversified characteristic information, and improves the diagnosis rate.

Review on uncertainty analysis and information fusion diagnosis of aircraft control system

In the aircraft control system,sensor networks are used to sample the attitude and environmental data.As a result of the external and internal factors(e.g.,environmental and task complexity,inaccurate sensing and complex structure),the aircraft control system contains several uncertainties,such as imprecision,incompleteness,redundancy and randomness.The information fusion technology is usually used to solve the uncertainty issue,thus improving the sampled data reliability,which can further effectively increase the performance of the fault diagnosis decision-making in the aircraft control system.In this work,we first analyze the uncertainties in the aircraft control system,and also compare different uncertainty quantitative methods.Since the information fusion can eliminate the effects of the uncertainties,it is widely used in the fault diagnosis.Thus,this paper summarizes the recent work in this aera.Furthermore,we analyze the application of information fusion methods in the fault diagnosis of the aircraft control system.Finally,this work identifies existing problems in the use of information fusion for diagnosis and outlines future trends.

An Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method of Multi-Scale Deep Feature Fusion Based on Information Entropy

For a single-structure deep learning fault diagnosis model,its disadvantages are an insufficient feature extraction and weak fault classification capability.This paper proposes a multi-scale deep feature fusion intelligent fault diagnosis method based on information entropy.First,a normal autoencoder,denoising autoencoder,sparse autoencoder,and contractive autoencoder are used in parallel to construct a multi-scale deep neural network feature extraction structure.A deep feature fusion strategy based on information entropy is proposed to obtain low-dimensional features and ensure the robustness of the model and the quality of deep features.Finally,the advantage of the deep belief network probability model is used as the fault classifier to identify the faults.The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by a gearbox test-bed.Experimental results show that,compared with traditional and existing intelligent fault diagnosis methods,the proposed method can obtain representative information and features from the raw data with higher classification accuracy.

Fault diagnosis method of hydraulic system based on fusion of neural network and D-S evidence theory

According to fault type diversity and fault information uncertainty problem of the hydraulic driven rocket launcher servo system（HDRLSS） , the fault diagnosis method based on the evidence theory and neural network ensemble is proposed. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the single neural network, two improved neural network models are set up at the com-mon nodes to simplify the network structure. The initial fault diagnosis is based on the iron spectrum data and the pressure, flow and temperature（PFT） characteristic parameters as the input vectors of the two improved neural network models, and the diagnosis result is taken as the basic probability distribution of the evidence theory. Then the objectivity of assignment is real-ized. The initial diagnosis results of two improved neural networks are fused by D-S evidence theory. The experimental results show that this method can avoid the misdiagnosis of neural network recognition and improve the accuracy of the fault diagnosis of HDRLSS.

Application of Multi-sensor Information Fusion in the Fault Diagnosis of Hydraulic System

Aiming at the problem of incomplete information and uncertainties in the diagnosis of complex system by using single parameter, a new method of multi-sensor information fusion fault diagnosis based on BP neural network and D-S evidence theory is proposed. In order to simplify the structure of BP neural network, two parallel BP neural networks are used to diagnose the fault data at first; and then, using the evidence theory to fuse the local diagnostic results, the accurate inference of the inaccurate information is realized, and the accurate diagnosis resuh is obtained. The method is applied to the fault diagnosis of the hydraulic driven servo system （HDSS） in a certain type of rocket launcher, which realizes the fault location and diagnosis of the main components of the hydraulic driven servo system, and effectively improves the reliability of the system.

Application of the fault diagnosis strategy based on hierarchical information fusion in motors fault diagnosis

This paper has analyzed merits and demerits of both neural network technique and of the information fusion methods based on the D-S (dempster-shafer evidence) Theory as well as their complementarity, proposed the hierarchical information fusion fault diagnosis strategy by combining the neural network technique and the fused decision diagnosis based on D-S Theory, and established a corresponding functional model. Thus, we can not only solve a series of problems caused by rapid growth in size and complexity of neural network structure with diagnosis parameters increasing, but also can provide effective method for basic probability assignment in D-S Theory. The application of the strategy to diagnosing faults of motor bearings has proved that this method is of fairly high accuracy and reliability in fault diagnosis.

Study on Power Transformers Fault Diagnosis Based on Wavelet Neural Network and D-S Evidence Theory

>Transformer faults are quite complicated phenomena and can occur due to a variety of reasons.There have been several methods for transformer fault synthetic diagnosis,but each of them has its own limitations in real fault diagnosis applications.In order to overcome those shortcomings in the existing methods,a new transformer fault diagnosis method based on a wavelet neural network optimized by adaptive genetic algorithm(AGA)and an improved D-S evidence theory fusion technique is proposed in this paper.The proposed method combines the oil chromatogram data and the off-line electrical test data of transformers to carry out fault diagnosis.Based on the fusion mechanism of D-S evidence theory,the comprehensive reliability of evidence is constructed by considering the evidence importance,the outputs of the neural network and the expert experience.The new method increases the objectivity of the basic probability assignment(BPA)and reduces the basic probability assigned for uncertain and unimportant information.The case study results of using the proposed method show that it has a good performance of fault diagnosis for transformers.

CONDITION MONITOR OF DEEP-HOLE DRILLING BASED ON MULTI-SENSOR INFORMATION FUSION

A condition monitoring method of deep-hole drilling based on multi-sensor information fusion is discussed. The signal of vibration and cutting force are collected when the condition of deep-hole drilling on stainless steel 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb is normal or abnormal. Four eigenvectors are extracted on time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of the signals. Then the four eigenvectors are combined and sent to neural networks to dispose. The fusion results indicate that multi-sensor information fusion is superior to single-sensor information, and that cutting force signal can reflect the condition of cutting tool better than vibration signal.

Fault diagnosis of a marine power-generation diesel engine based on the Gramian angular field and a convolutional neural network

Marine power-generation diesel engines operate in harsh environments.Their vibration signals are highly complex and the feature information exhibits a non-linear distribution.It is difficult to extract effective feature information from the network model,resulting in low fault-diagnosis accuracy.To address this problem,we propose a fault-diagnosis method that combines the Gramian angular field(GAF)with a convolutional neural network(CNN).Firstly,the vibration signals are transformed into 2D images by taking advantage of the GAF,which preserves the temporal correlation.The raw signals can be mapped to 2D image features such as texture and color.To integrate the feature information,the images of the Gramian angular summation field(GASF)and Gramian angular difference field(GADF)are fused by the weighted average fusion method.Secondly,the channel attention mechanism and temporal attention mechanism are introduced in the CNN model to optimize the CNN learning mechanism.Introducing the concept of residuals in the attention mechanism improves the feasibility of optimization.Finally,the weighted average fused images are fed into the CNN for feature extraction and fault diagnosis.The validity of the proposed method is verified by experiments with abnormal valve clearance.The average diagnostic accuracy is 98.40%.When−20 dB≤signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)≤20 dB,the diagnostic accuracy of the proposed method is higher than 94.00%.The proposed method has superior diagnostic performance.Moreover,it has a certain anti-noise capability and variable-load adaptive capability.

Finite-sensor fault-diagnosis simulation study of gas turbine engine using information entropy and deep belief networks

Precise fault diagnosis is an important part of prognostics and health management. It can avoid accidents, extend the service life of the machine, and also reduce maintenance costs. For gas turbine engine fault diagnosis, we cannot install too many sensors in the engine because the operating environment of the engine is harsh and the sensors will not work in high temperature, at high rotation speed, or under high pressure. Thus, there is not enough sensory data from the working engine to diagnose potential failures using existing approaches. In this paper, we consider the problem of engine fault diagnosis using finite sensory data under complicated circumstances, and propose deep belief networks based on information entropy, IE-DBNs, for engine fault diagnosis. We first introduce several information entropies and propose joint complexity entropy based on single signal entropy. Second, the deep belief networks （DBNs） is analyzed and a logistic regression layer is added to the output of the DBNs. Then, information entropy is used in fault diagnosis and as the input for the DBNs. Comparison between the proposed IE-DBNs method and state-of-the-art machine learning approaches shows that the IE-DBNs method achieves higher accuracy.

基于加权D-S证据理论的旋翼故障诊断

旋翼作为直升机的升力面和操作面,其健康状态对直升机的安全至关重要。旋翼故障诊断技术仍是直升机健康与使用监测系统(Health and usage monitoring system, HUMS)领域的薄弱环节,开发旋翼故障诊断技术具有重要价值。基于信息融合技术,首先分析了旋翼故障的诊断机理,建立了旋翼故障模型,通过流固耦合仿真获取了不同故障下桨叶、轮毂和机身的故障特征信息,生成数据集进行网络训练和验证。然后,利用遗传算法反向传播(Genetic algorithm-backpropagation, GA-BP)优化神经网络诊断3种类型的直升机旋翼故障,即后缘调整片误调、变距拉杆误调和桨叶质量不平衡。3个逐级神经网络分别对旋翼故障类型、故障位置和故障程度进行了诊断识别。最后采用加权的Dempster-Shafer(D-S)证据理论对旋翼故障进行诊断和分析。结果证明基于改进D-S证据理论的旋翼故障诊断方法能够成功应用到旋翼故障诊断中,并具有良好的识别效果。

基于MSIF-ECACNN的液压系统故障诊断

针对液压信号复杂且难以准确识别的特点,提出一种基于多传感器信息融合的有效通道注意力卷积神经网络模型,分别对液压系统中的液压泵和蓄能器进行故障诊断。该模型采用并行网络结构,针对流量和压力传感器在数量、采样频率上的差异,以及流量和压力信号故障时表现出的不同特点,将多个压力和流量传感器信号分别输入卷积核大小不同的一维多通道卷积神经网络,并利用有效通道注意力调整特征通道权重,在全连接层进行特征融合,最终经Softmax层实现分类。结果表明:有效通道注意力能有效提高故障识别准确率,该方法与目前该领域先进的研究方法相比有更好的故障诊断性能;蓄能器故障诊断精度可达99.52%,液压泵故障诊断精度可达99.88%。同时,该方法解决了因非同源传感器数量和采样频率差异而带来的故障难以准确识别的问题。

多传感器信息融合的轴承故障迁移诊断方法

在重型装备低速、重载、强噪声环境下,采用单一传感器难以全面获取轴承的故障诊断信息,导致故障识别率低、识别不稳定,致使变工况下轴承故障迁移诊断失效。针对以上问题,提出了一种多传感器信息融合的轴承故障迁移诊断方法。首先,结合传感器的通道数,构建了堆叠卷积神经网络(MCNNs)提取各个通道的故障特征;然后,在MCNNs中引入最小绝对收缩与选择算子(Lasso),并通过网络反向传播完成了特征权值的更新,从而获得了多通道特征的融合;最后,利用源域数据对模型进行了训练,提取了故障特征,并完成了特征融合,采用损失函数完成了模型参数的优化,将源域训练得到的模型结果作为目标域的初始模型,利用目标域样本对初始模型的参数进行了微调,从而完成了模型迁移;并进行了信息融合效果、方法对比以及传感器信息采集属性的性能实验。研究结果表明:传感器的安装位置对信息融合影响较大,MCNNs+Lasso方法具有较好的特征融合效果,平均迁移诊断精度为99.03%,部分精度可达99.97%,在多个变工况的迁移任务中表现出较高迁移精度和良好的泛化性能。

基于多模态信息融合的变压器在线故障诊断方法

针对变压器的多模态数据中存在差异性和样本缺失的问题,提出了一种基于振动信号和红外图像数据的多模态信息融合方法,分析多模态数据对电力变压器故障状态进行有效、快速的评估。首先,该方法采用双向门控神经网络对振动信号的文本信息、振动信号的频域图和变压器的红外图像分别进行特征提取,并获得不同模态的重要特征向量。然后,使用交叉注意力机制建立不同模态之间的联系并进行特征向量融合。最后,通过卷积层和全链接层输出电力变压器的故障状态。实验数据采集于10 kV变压器,含振动信号和变压器的红外图像。实验结果表明,提出的多模态信息融合方法在4种评价指标上优于对比方法,其故障诊断准确率为96%。在不同的电压和电流等级下多模态信息融合方法能获得较为可靠的诊断结果且准确率高,可为变压器多模态数据的故障检测提供方法。

轮毂电机轴承故障的MIWF-2DCNN诊断方法

为了有效监测复杂工况下分布式驱动电动汽车用轮毂电机的运行状态,提高其轴承故障的识别准确率,提出一种基于多信息加权融合和二维卷积神经网络(MIWF-2DCNN)的故障诊断方法。首先,将轮毂电机轴承的多方位振动监测信号分别进行二维数据重构和时频变换,逐一转化成灰度图后按照方位顺序堆叠成时域灰度图集和时频域灰度图集,作为故障诊断模型的输入;其次,将高效通道注意力机制(ECANet)的网络结构进行改进,提出了改进高效通道注意力机制(iECANet),其核心思想是在全局平均池化(GAP)基础上添加上全局最大池化(GMP)分支,基于有效信息的贡献度更新各分支的权重系数,进而提取时域和时频域的故障特征,实现了多信息加权融合;再次,利用GMP简化传统二维卷积神经网络(2DCNN)模型的一层全连接层,实现了网络轻量化。最后,基于轮毂电机不同工况下实验数据,进行同一工况下对应验证、不同工况下交叉验证及消融实验验证。结果表明所提的MIWF-2DCNN模型能够有效提取轮毂电机轴承故障特征,在复杂环境和多变工况下故障识别率保持在95%以上,整体优于传统的LeNet-5、1DCNN模型。

基于PIRD-CNN的航空发动机轴承故障诊断方法研究

航空发动机结构与系统的复杂性导致轴承的故障诊断方法通常面临特征提取与模式识别的困难。针对以上不足,考虑实际工程诊断的实时性与准确性,提出了一种新的基于转子位移概率密度信息(probability density information of rotor displacement,PIRD)的航空发动机轴承智能故障诊断方法。其主要对一维卷积神经网络(1-dimensional convolutional neural network,1DCNN)模型进行改进,在传统的卷积层前面增加了PIRD的提取层,可以提取转子振动位移信号的概率密度信息,有效地降低了数据的冗余度,同时保留了故障监测的重要指标。提出的PIRD-CNN诊断模型保留了1DCNN端到端的故障诊断优势,将该模型在航空发动机试验台产生的轴承故障数据进行测试,其对轴承故障诊断精度可达96.58%,与基准研究相对比表明,PIRD-CNN能够快速且更加精准地诊断航空发动机轴承的故障。

航空发动机多源异构信息融合诊断新方法

针对航空发动机实际工作中主要监测的气路、油路和机械振动3类参数,建立了全机故障方程,改进了现有技术仅考虑单类别发动机监测参数与故障模式的简单方法。在考虑同类别监测参数与故障模式的前提下,兼顾不同类别监测参数与不同类别故障模式之间的耦合关系,实现了多源异构监测数据的有效融合,解决了同型号多台发动机/单台发动机监测参数得到的同一故障模式的结果差异或矛盾的精化处理问题,给出了一种提高发动机故障诊断结果精度的新方法。

基于MSIF-CNN的地铁车辆制动系统故障诊断方法

研究地铁车辆制动系统的故障诊断对保障交通安全、提高运营效率具有重要意义。针对当前的制动系统故障诊断研究存在过度依赖于专家的知识经验、数据融合效率不高以及现有模型训练参数过多的问题,提出了一种基于多传感器信息融合和改进卷积神经网络的“端到端”制动系统故障诊断方法。该方法不需要专家知识对数据进行特征提取,而是利用一维卷积神经网络(1D-CNN)来处理多传感器信息融合问题,并引入一维全局平均池化层(1D-GAP)改进神经网络结构,以减少模型训练参数。最终利用极端梯度提升模型(XGBoost)作为分类判别器,以提高故障诊断的准确性。实验结果表明,所提方法的准确率、精确率、召回率和F1值分别为95.86%、96.59%、92.68%和93.15%,同时,在地铁车辆制动系统故障诊断方面展现了更优的性能。

基于注意力机制与多源信息融合的变工况轴承故障诊断

针对轴承在变工况下工作时受环境噪声和工况变化的干扰,现有的基于单源信号的轴承故障诊断方法因单源信号难以提供全面且稳定的故障信息,导致诊断效果不理想的问题,提出一种基于注意力机制的多源信息融合网络模型(MSIFNM)。该模型的多尺度特征提取模块可以提取更充足的故障特征信息;双阶段注意力模块从多个维度增强对工况变化不敏感的故障特征;多源信息特征加权模块根据不同传感器信号对不同故障的敏感程度,自适应地对多源信息进行权重分配;特征融合与类别输出模块实现对加权后的特征进一步融合与特征提取,再经全连接层和Softmax层输出分类结果。采用变转速和变负载轴承故障数据集对本文所提的MSIFNM模型进行实验验证,实验结果表明,MSIFNM可以有效实现多源信息融合特征提取,提高变工况条件下轴承故障诊断的准确性、稳定性和工况自适应性。