Model test of negative Poisson’s ratio cable for supporting super-largespan tunnel using excavation compensation method

In recent years,there is a scenario in urban tunnel constructions to build super-large-span tunnels for traffic diversion and route optimization purposes.However,the increased size makes tunnel support more difficult.Unfortunately,there are few studies on the failure and support mechanism of the surrounding rocks in the excavation of supported tunnel,while most model tests of super-large-span tunnels focus on the failure characteristics of surrounding rocks in tunnel excavation without supports.Based on excavation compensation method(ECM),model tests of a super-large-span tunnel excavation by different anchor cable support methods in the initial support stage were carried out.The results indicate that during excavation of super-large-span tunnel,the stress and displacement of the shallow surrounding rocks decrease,following a step-shape pattern,and the tunnel failure is mainly concentrated on the vault and spandrel areas.Compared with conventional anchor cable supports,the NPR(negative Poisson’s ratio)anchor cable support is more suitable for the initial support stage of the super-large-span tunnels.The tunnel support theory,model test materials,methods,and the results obtained in this study could provide references for study of similar super-large-span tunnels。

Q-factor estimation in CMP gather and the continuous spectral ratio slope method

The attenuation factor or quality factor(Q-factor or Q) has been used to measure the energy attenuation of seismic waves propagating in underground media. Many methods are used to estimate the Q-factor. We propose a method to calculate the Q-factor based on the prestack Q-factor inversion and the generalized S-transform. The proposed method specifies a standard primary wavelet and calculates the cumulative Q-factors; then, it finds the interlaminar Q-factors using the relation between Q and offset(QVO) and the Dix formula. The proposed method is alternative to methods that calculate interlaminar Q-factors after horizon picking. Because the frequency spectrum of each horizon can be extracted continuously on a 2D time–frequency spectrum, the method is called the continuous spectral ratio slope(CSRS) method. Compared with the other Q-inversion methods, the method offers nearly effortless computations and stability, and has mathematical and physical significance. We use numerical modeling to verify the feasibility of the method and apply it to real data from an oilfield in Ahdeb, Iraq. The results suggest that the resolution and spatial stability of the Q-profile are optimal and contain abundant interlaminar information that is extremely helpful in making lithology and fluid predictions.

Exploring Taiwan’s China Landscape Painting Aesthetic Preferences Through Evaluation Grid Method and the Continuous Fuzzy Kano Model

The primary objective of this study is to apply the Evaluation Grid Method(EGM)and the continuous fuzzy Kano quality model to explore the cognitive preferences of Taiwan China residents regarding the beauty of Taiwan’s China landscape paintings.The aim is to contribute to the development of social and cultural art and promote the widespread appeal of art products.Through a literature review,consultations with aesthetic experts,and the application of Miryoku Engineering’s EGM,this paper consolidates the factors that contribute to the attractiveness of painting art products among Taiwan China residents,taking into account various aesthetic qualities.Simultaneously,the paper introduces the use of the triangular fuzzy golden ratio scale semantics,specifically the equal-ratio aesthetic scale semantics,as a replacement for the traditional subjective consciousness model.Departing from the traditional discrete Kano model that employs the mode as the standard for evaluating quality,this study applies triangular fuzzy numbers to the continuous Kano quality model to analyze the diverse preferences and evaluation standards of the public.The hope is that this research methodology will not only deepen Taiwan China residents’understanding and aesthetic literacy of painting art but also serve as a reference for the popularization of art products.

The Effect of Tool Construction and Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness and Vibration in Turning of AISI 1045 Steel Using Taguchi Method

This paper presents an experimental investigation focused on identifying the effects of cutting conditions and tool construction on the surface roughness and natural frequency in turning of AISI1045 steel. Machining experiments were carried out at the lathe using carbide cutting insert coated with TiC and two forms of cutting tools made of AISI 5140 steel. Three levels for spindle speed, depth of cut, feed rate and tool overhang were chosen as cutting variables. The Taguchi method L9 orthogonal array was applied to design of experiment. By the help of signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance, it was concluded that spindle speed has the significant effect on the surface roughness, while tool overhang is the dominant factor affecting natural frequency for both cutting tools. In addition, the optimum cutting conditions for surface roughness and natural frequency were found at different levels. Finally, confirmation experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the Taguchi method in optimizing the cutting parameters for surface roughness and natural frequency.

基于和达法分析2012年新源、和静交界M_(S)6.6地震波速比变化特征

基于新疆地震台网观测报告,利用多台和单台和达法对2012年6月30日新源、和静交界M_(S)6.6地震前后波速比变化特征进行分析。结果显示:①多台和达法结果显示,在新源、和静交界M_(S)6.6地震前,震中周围区域波速比出现低值异常,震后恢复正常值;②单台和达法计算结果表明,波速比异常台站主要分布在震中附近西部和北部,异常形态以高低值突跳为主,仅持续11天时间;③由台站不同方位的地震波速比计算结果可知,波速比历经低值异常—恢复—发震的演变过程。由此证明,波速比变化与未来强震孕育关系密切。

一种基于μ-S模型的最佳滑移率辨识估计器设计

为了使基于滑移率识别的汽车防抱死控制器实现最优控制,在Kiencke μ-S模型的基础上,利用改进遗忘因子递推最小二乘算法设计了最佳滑移率辨识估计器,并将辨识估计器的最佳滑移率和峰值附着系数估算结果与Burckhardt μ-S模型下的结果进行了对比.将辨识估计器应用于汽车防抱死制动系统的模糊滑模控制器中,在单一路面和跃变路面条件下进行仿真实验.实验结果表明,辨识估计器的误差小、延迟小,基于最佳滑移率识别的防抱死控制器能实现最佳滑移率的在线辨识和快速追踪,有效提升制动效能.

基于s域节点导纳矩阵的谐振稳定性分析方法

谐振稳定性问题在新型电力系统背景下日益突出,目前缺乏在大系统层面进行谐振稳定性分析的有效方法。在阐述谐振稳定性的定义和机理的基础上,提出了基于s域节点导纳矩阵原理实现谐振稳定性分析的完整方法。该方法分2个阶段完成,首先在假定系统阻尼为0的条件下确定各谐振模态的无阻尼谐振频率、节点电压振型和最佳可控可观测节点;然后在考虑系统所有阻尼的条件下,基于系统降阶和系统辨识的思路,采用测试信号法精确计算出谐振模态对应的特征根。进一步还可计算出各谐振模态对特定元件参数的灵敏度。该方法避免了直接求解s域节点导纳矩阵行列式零点的困难,为在大系统层面开展电力系统谐振稳定性分析提供了可靠途径。

Near-zero Poisson's ratio and suppressed mechanical anisotropy in strained black phosphorene/SnSe van der Waals heterostructure:a first-principles study

Black phosphorene(BP)and its analogs have attracted intensive attention due to their unique puckered structures,anisotropic characteristics,and negative Poisson’s ratio.The van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures assembly by stacking different materials show novel physical properties,however,the parent materials do not possess.In this work,the first-principles calculations are performed to study the mechanical properties of the vdW heterostructure.Interestingly,a near-zero Poisson’s ratio ν_(zx)is found in BP/SnSe heterostructure.In addition,compared with the parent materials BP and SnSe with strong in-plane anisotropic mechanical properties,the BP/SnSe heterostructure shows strongly suppressed anisotropy.The results show that the vdW heterostructure has quite different mechanical properties compared with the parent materials,and provides new opportunities for the mechanical applications of the heterostructures.

Topology and Shape Optimization of 2-D and 3-D Micro-ArchitecturedThermoelastic Metamaterials Using a Parametric Level Set Method

2-D and 3-D micro-architectured multiphase thermoelastic metamaterials are designed and analyzed using a parametric level set method for topology optimization and the finite element method.An asymptotic homogenization approach is employed to obtain the effective thermoelastic properties of the multiphase metamaterials.Theε-constraint multi-objective optimization method is adopted in the formulation.The coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)and Poisson’s ratio(PR)are chosen as two objective functions,with the CTE optimized and the PR treated as a constraint.The optimization problems are solved by using the method of moving asymptotes.Effective isotropic and anisotropic CTEs and stiffness constants are obtained for the topologically optimized metamaterials with prescribed values of PR under the constraints of specified effective bulk modulus,volume fractions and material symmetry.Two solid materials along with one additional void phase are involved in each of the 2-D and 3-D optimal design examples.The numerical results reveal that the newly proposed approach can integrate shape and topology optimizations and lead to optimal microstructures with distinct topological boundaries.The current method can topologically optimize metamaterials with a positive,negative or zero CTE and a positive,negative or zero Poisson’s ratio.

Design of flying vehicle control system by signal to noise ratio

Presents the new concept of ″Desired to be small″ based on the basic function of vehicle flight control system for an optimal design of flying vehicle control system, and the definition of S/N ratio and calculation formula for ″Desired to be small″ dynamic characteristics, and the S/N ratio method established for design of velicle flight control systems, by which, an orthogrnal table is used to arrange test schemes, and error facters are used to simulate various interferences, and the use of S/N ratio as a design criterion to synthesise the design of dynamic and static characteristics for definition of an optimal scheme, the application of S/N ratio method to the design of a type of vehicle control system and the single run success abtained in design of control system, technical evaluation test and design finalization flight test.

Ideal Point Method Applied in Forest Harvest Regulation

Ideal point method is one of the methods to solve multi-objective problem. It is applied to forest harvest regu-lation, and showed very good results by analyzing changes of quantitative indexes of forest resource structure before andafter the regulation. This method can be applied as one of the mathematical tools in forest harvest regulation.

2021-09-16泸县M_(S)6.0地震前波速比变化研究

基于2017~2022年ML≥1.5地震的初至P、S波走时数据,利用单震多台和达法计算波速比,探讨2021-09-16四川泸县M_(S)6.0地震前后震中附近地区的波速比变化特征。结果表明,泸县M_(S)6.0地震前震中附近波速比出现下降-回升变化,下降持续时间约1.25 a,回升持续时间约0.5 a,波速比低值集中在震中周边区域。2019年泸县M_(S)6.0地震前,震中西北侧约66 km处发生的威远M_(S)5.4地震、资中M_(S)5.2地震周边波速比也出现相似的下降-回升变化,下降时间约2 a, 2次地震发生在波速比回升阶段,地震后波速比继续上升,直至泸县地震的发生,且2次地震震中也位于波速比低值集中区。

基于LR-GST变换的稳定层间Q值提取方法

为了解决常规谱比法不稳定及等效Q值储层识别精度低的问题,在基于Lucy-Richardson算法的广义S变换(LR-GST)的基础上,改进了谱比法计算Q值的公式,同时构建反演目标函数将等效Q值转换为层间Q值。结果表明:Q值求取精度与噪声比率、求取方法等因素有关,含噪比率不同每种方法的准确性也差异较大。通过合成数据及实际应用表明,本文方法的分辨率及聚集性更高,方法的稳定性更好,得到的Q值在含油气区域异常明显。

岩爆机制及其控制

随着岩体工程向深部发展,开挖引发的围岩大变形和强冲击诱发的动力破坏日益严峻。岩爆作为深部地下工程中常见的一种强动力灾害,被称为岩土工程界的“癌症”,其具有突发性特点,难以有效预报及防治,严重地威胁着施工人员的安全和设备的正常运行。通过对比岩石在真三轴卸荷和单轴压缩这2种应力路径下的储能差异,对岩爆多余能量机制进行探讨。首先,根据岩爆诱发机制的不同,将岩爆分为由应力集中导致的应变型岩爆和扰动诱发的冲击岩爆。然后,模拟开挖诱发的不同类型岩爆的应力路径进而在室内再现各种岩爆现象,并对其机制进行研究,自主研发3套真三轴岩爆模拟试验系统:第1代应变岩爆试验系统、第2代应变岩爆试验系统、冲击岩爆试验系统。同时,在实验室内成功模拟不同类型的岩爆:巷道应变岩爆、巷道交叉点应变岩爆、3个临空面矿柱应变岩爆、矿柱应变岩爆以及动荷载诱发的冲击岩爆。最后,为有效控制岩爆灾害,提出开挖补偿法,并研发具有负泊松比效应的宏观和微观NPR锚杆/索。工程实践证明,NPR锚杆/索能提供高预应力来补偿开挖造成的应力损失,同时具备良好的延展性和吸能效果,可为岩爆灾害的防治提供有效途径。

基于改进的广义S变换求取地层品质因子Q值

地层的品质因子Q值对衡量地震波传播过程中的能量衰减以及地震资料的处理、解释有重要意义。在实际生产中求取品质因子最实用的方法是频谱比法,但传统的频谱比法面临时窗选取等问题。本文利用改进的广义S变换时频特性及与傅里叶谱相联系的特性,提取地层上、下界面对应的瞬时频谱,并通过拟合振幅比与频率的关系得到地层的品质因子Q值。数值模拟及实际资料处理均证明了该方法的有效性。

开挖补偿法防控深部地下岩爆灾害——引汉济渭工程秦岭输水隧洞案例分析

Rockburst disasters occur frequently during deep underground excavation,yet traditional concepts and methods can hardly meet the requirements for support under high geo-stress conditions.Consequently,rockburst control remains challenging in the engineering field.In this study,the mechanism of excavation-induced rockburst was briefly described,and it was proposed to apply the excavation compensation method(ECM)to rockburst control.Moreover,a field test was carried out on the Qinling Water Conveyance Tunnel.The following beneficial findings were obtained:Excavation leads to changes in the engineering stress state of surrounding rock and results in the generation of excess energy DE,which is the fundamental cause of rockburst.The ECM,which aims to offset the deep excavation effect and lower the risk of rockburst,is an active support strategy based on high pre-stress compensation.The new negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)bolt developed has the mechanical characteristics of high strength,high toughness,and impact resistance,serving as the material basis for the ECM.The field test results reveal that the ECM and the NPR bolt succeed in controlling rockburst disasters effectively.The research results are expected to provide guidance for rockburst support in deep underground projects such as Sichuan-Xizang Railway.

s/z比值在聋儿言语呼吸中的临床价值

目的 通过本实验证明s/z比值在聋儿言语呼吸中的临床应用价值。材料: 在上海市随机选取4-17岁640名健听儿童,从国内外数家康复中心随机选出共29名配戴助听器且采用腹式呼吸的聋儿接受s/z测试,以及30名接受胸式呼吸训练的配戴助听器聋儿。方法 采用“实时言语矫治仪”进行测试,令受试者先发/s/音,然后发/z/音,均符合最长声时的发音要求,然后求其比值。结果 s/z比值不受年龄、性别的影响,且聋儿组康复训练前后s/z比值有着显著性差异,胸式呼吸的s/z比远大于腹式呼吸组。结论 s/z比值能够进一步检测出聋儿言语呼吸不协调的问题,为制定康复方案提供了有价值的参考;同时证明胸式呼吸不仅使得聋儿的言语呼吸支持不足,而且造成呼吸和发音系统的严重不协调。

Analysis and Optimization of Operational and Pollutant Attributes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Orange Peel Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

The current study is performed to find sustainable solutions for the future of transportation and environmental well-being.Both conventional methods and experimental design table(L16 Orthogonal Array)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-powered engine's operational and pollutant parameters.The L16 Orthogonal Array is obtained through Taguchi's experimental design approach using Minitab 16 software.The experimental design incorporated three control variables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four levels.The operational parameters,namely brake thermal efficiency(BTE)and brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission characteristics,including hydrocarbon(HC),carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,were acquired using the L16 orthogonal array(OA) and subsequently examined.The utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio and grey analysis was employed to determine the optimal operational state of the engine to achieve maximum performance while minimizing emissions.The engine's ideal state of operation,in terms of BTE and BSFC,was determined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r/min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) carbon nanotube incorporated 20% orange peel biodiesel(OPB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contribution factors,respectively.At 25% engine load,1000 r/min,and OPB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions were the lowest.Engine load affects emissions the most.Engine BSFC increased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decreased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,respectively,at optimal operating conditions concerning diesel fuel.This study shows that Taguchi-Grey's experimental design optimizes diesel engine operational and pollutant attributes.The outcomes revealed that orange peel biodiesel infused with CNT can replace diesel fuel in an environmentally friendly way.This alternative fuel could clean and improve transportation.

响应面法优化低浴比栀子蓝色素上染桑蚕丝工艺

为深入探究天然栀子蓝色素在染色加工中的应用,利用超声波技术辅助桑蚕丝织物直接染色,结合单因素变量试验法和响应面法优化并确定最佳染色工艺。结果表明,当超声波功率120 W,pH值3,染色温度50℃,染色时间50 min,染色浴比1∶20时,天然栀子蓝色素对桑蚕丝织物染色效果最佳,且耐摩擦色牢度较好,耐水洗和耐汗渍变色色牢度达到4级,棉沾色色牢度为3级,符合纺织品合格标准。对优化后染色条件进行验证,染色织物K/S值实际值与预测值相对误差为4.55%,该响应面试验预测有95.45%的可信度。

茜素红S-铜(Ⅱ)金属配合物与溶菌酶作用研究

采用UV-Vis光谱法研究了pH=4.25的缓冲溶液中茜素红S(ARS)-铜(Ⅱ)金属配合物与溶菌酶(LYS)的结合反应。提出了双波长物质的量比法和平衡透析物质的量比法,与单波长物质的量比法进行对照测定研究,实验结果基本相符。研究发现,ARS-Cu(Ⅱ)-LYS的最大吸收波长为526nm,比ARS红移96nm,比ARS-Cu(Ⅱ)配合物红移10nm。在526nm处,测得ARS-Cu(Ⅱ)-LYS三元配合物的结合比为nARS︰nCu(Ⅱ)︰nLYS=6︰3︰1,摩尔吸光系数ε=7.93×104L·mol-1·cm-1,ARS-Cu髤配合物与LYS作用的条件平衡常数K=3.21×1012。ARS-Cu(Ⅱ)与LYS之间的作用力为配位键和电荷力。