The Retention of the Monarch in the United Kingdom During the English Bourgeois Revolution

As is known to all,the English monarch has existed for a long time in the history which indicates its duration is one of the longest among the royal families in the world.Even after the 48-year English Bourgeois Revolution(1640-1688),the English monarch had not been abolished by the English Parliament and its people.And up to now,the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,which is a developed capitalistic state in the world,still retains its monarch.This paper will particularly introduce the process and the reasons for the monarch’s retention during the English Bourgeois Revolution.

回归马丁·怀特：革命主义思想传统再探究

革命主义思想传统素来未曾在国际关系领域内获其应有重视,这不止是因为与之相互关联的现实情状(如宗教改革、法国革命、俄国革命)非属常态,更是由于其理论内涵过于含混繁杂,从而使得大异其趣的世界主义、康德主义和斯大林主义被同时纳入革命主义范畴之中。为此,巴里·布赞等学者试图以本体论为基础来重新厘清并界定革命主义,其结果是原属其中的斯大林主义和康德主义被摒除在外,由此使得革命主义在很大程度上被等同于世界主义。而这显然不能为马丁·怀特所认同。因为在其看来,这不仅是对革命主义思想传统核心内涵的巨大偏离,而且忽视了革命主义思想传统实际上可能依然塑造着至少是某些国务家的思维。事实上,近来由新保守主义思潮与伊斯兰原教旨主义所引致的事态已然足以证明革命主义思想传统绝非仅存在于非国家行为体的行事之中。因此,唯有回归怀特对革命主义的界定,把握其核心内涵,才能明了革命主义在国政方略中绝未泯然于世,并因而能够给予其在国际关系领域中以应许地位。