British English and American English are regarded as the two major varieties of English in the world, and Canadian English is often treated as a variation of American English. The paper aims to identify the major phon...British English and American English are regarded as the two major varieties of English in the world, and Canadian English is often treated as a variation of American English. The paper aims to identify the major phonetic features of Canadian English by addressing its differences from British and American English based on a historical, demographical, and regional and dialectal analysis. Canadian English is a cultural phenomenon that has evolved on the basis of British English and under the heavy influence of American English. As a distinctive variety of English, Canadian English possesses its phonetic uniqueness. And in the context of globalization, Canadian English will remain subject to Americanization.展开更多
China English is an English variety The paper, on the basis of the study of Asian characteristics of China English. influenced by Chinese culture and the way of Chinese thinking. English varieties, tries to describe a...China English is an English variety The paper, on the basis of the study of Asian characteristics of China English. influenced by Chinese culture and the way of Chinese thinking. English varieties, tries to describe and explain the lexical展开更多
The present study examines accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility of American English, Moroccan English, Turkmen English, and Chinese English, from the perspectives of three groups of listeners: native s...The present study examines accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility of American English, Moroccan English, Turkmen English, and Chinese English, from the perspectives of three groups of listeners: native speakers of English and Chinese speakers of English with or without international experiences. Of the 145 listeners, 38 had face-to-face interviews. These listener groups were asked to listen to the recordings of the four English varieties and fill in a cloze test.Results indicated that the three listener groups differed significantly in rating comprehensibility of American English, Moroccan English and Chinese English but they did not give Turkmen English statistically different ratings;there were no significant differences in accentedness ratings except for Chinese English;and there were significant differences in the intelligibility scores of the four English varieties. In addition, with respect to seven linguistic variables-speed, clarity, intonation,smoothness and fluency, vocal intensity, pause, vocabulary and grammar, there were significant differences in three listener groups’ rating of six variables in American English except the one of“speed”. By contrast, Chinese English received significantly different ratings only in “proper speed”. No differences were found in the ratings for Moroccan English and Turkmen English.Finally, unlike Chinese listeners without international experiences, native listeners and Chinese listeners with international experiences shared some similarities in correlations between the ratings of accentedness and comprehensibility and those of linguistic variables on Moroccan English,Turkmen English, and Chinese English. However, the results for American English from Chinese listeners without international experiences and native listeners seemed to be more alike. Linguistic variables correlating with accentedness and comprehensibility of American English showed a mixed profile. Qualitative data provided more variant elaborations on the pronunciations and language uses of the speakers.展开更多
This paper focuses on the nativization of English in China,using Pidgin English as a case study to put Chinese English variants under the theoretical framework of eco-linguistics,and put the ecological environment suc...This paper focuses on the nativization of English in China,using Pidgin English as a case study to put Chinese English variants under the theoretical framework of eco-linguistics,and put the ecological environment such as species competition,coexistence and co-evolution,etc.The natural phenomenon is compared with the existence of language phenomenon in the development process of China English represented by Pidgin English.The study found that as the spark of the collision of the two mainstream languages of Chinese and English,the Chinese English varieties play a very important role in the exchange and enrichment of the two languages and cultures.Although academic circles have different attitudes and opinions on Chinese English variants,their existence and development conform to the law of the development of things and are also inevitable in historical development.Blindly ignoring their objective existence will definitely bring adverse effects on the ecological balance of the language.We should face up to the existence of Chinese English variants,comply with the law of language development,and allow it to develop naturally,and make efforts to protect the ecological balance of the world’s languages.展开更多
Singapore is a multi-ethnic country and it has four official languages, which is special all over the world. Bilingualism is emphasized in Singapore, so not only English is emphasized, mother tongue of the general pub...Singapore is a multi-ethnic country and it has four official languages, which is special all over the world. Bilingualism is emphasized in Singapore, so not only English is emphasized, mother tongue of the general public is also important. This leads to the variant of English in Singapore and Singapore English has developed its own features. In this study, the formation of the language policy,the classification of Singapore English, phonetic and grammatical features of Singapore English, and attitudes towards Singapore English will be discussed in details with the consideration of political,economic and cultural elements.展开更多
This paper focuses on the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is intended to invite the readers for the broadening of the debate on the issues raised. The 20th century, for Kazakhs, became a century of t...This paper focuses on the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is intended to invite the readers for the broadening of the debate on the issues raised. The 20th century, for Kazakhs, became a century of tragic events which transformed them into the minority on their own native land. In spite of many collisions in history Kazakhs have not lost their language, the main wealth. At the beginning of the 21st century, Kazakhstan has tackled a lot of problems, connected with national and ethnic issues, social structure, and foreign and home policy. The influence of globalization is felt in every sphere of life in Kazakhstan. Serious ethno-demographic changes have occurred after gaining independence. Kazakhstan from the state with two dominating Kazakh and Russian diasporas has turned to the state with dominating one, the Kazakh ethnos. State language of the Republic of Kazakhstan now is Kazakh due to implementation of language policy展开更多
From a linguistic point of view, all English dialects are‘equally complex, structured and valid linguistic systems'(Trudgill,1992:26) while non-linguists may find it hard to accept, as they are not holding lingui...From a linguistic point of view, all English dialects are‘equally complex, structured and valid linguistic systems'(Trudgill,1992:26) while non-linguists may find it hard to accept, as they are not holding linguistic attitudes but social language attitudes, which are based on their social and cultural values. The relevant researches on language attitudes show how subjective is language attitudes and the reasons behind that is analysed. The study is significant in that it helps us to understand the factors that influences the language attitudes such identities, personal experience and contexts.展开更多
文摘British English and American English are regarded as the two major varieties of English in the world, and Canadian English is often treated as a variation of American English. The paper aims to identify the major phonetic features of Canadian English by addressing its differences from British and American English based on a historical, demographical, and regional and dialectal analysis. Canadian English is a cultural phenomenon that has evolved on the basis of British English and under the heavy influence of American English. As a distinctive variety of English, Canadian English possesses its phonetic uniqueness. And in the context of globalization, Canadian English will remain subject to Americanization.
文摘China English is an English variety The paper, on the basis of the study of Asian characteristics of China English. influenced by Chinese culture and the way of Chinese thinking. English varieties, tries to describe and explain the lexical
文摘The present study examines accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility of American English, Moroccan English, Turkmen English, and Chinese English, from the perspectives of three groups of listeners: native speakers of English and Chinese speakers of English with or without international experiences. Of the 145 listeners, 38 had face-to-face interviews. These listener groups were asked to listen to the recordings of the four English varieties and fill in a cloze test.Results indicated that the three listener groups differed significantly in rating comprehensibility of American English, Moroccan English and Chinese English but they did not give Turkmen English statistically different ratings;there were no significant differences in accentedness ratings except for Chinese English;and there were significant differences in the intelligibility scores of the four English varieties. In addition, with respect to seven linguistic variables-speed, clarity, intonation,smoothness and fluency, vocal intensity, pause, vocabulary and grammar, there were significant differences in three listener groups’ rating of six variables in American English except the one of“speed”. By contrast, Chinese English received significantly different ratings only in “proper speed”. No differences were found in the ratings for Moroccan English and Turkmen English.Finally, unlike Chinese listeners without international experiences, native listeners and Chinese listeners with international experiences shared some similarities in correlations between the ratings of accentedness and comprehensibility and those of linguistic variables on Moroccan English,Turkmen English, and Chinese English. However, the results for American English from Chinese listeners without international experiences and native listeners seemed to be more alike. Linguistic variables correlating with accentedness and comprehensibility of American English showed a mixed profile. Qualitative data provided more variant elaborations on the pronunciations and language uses of the speakers.
文摘This paper focuses on the nativization of English in China,using Pidgin English as a case study to put Chinese English variants under the theoretical framework of eco-linguistics,and put the ecological environment such as species competition,coexistence and co-evolution,etc.The natural phenomenon is compared with the existence of language phenomenon in the development process of China English represented by Pidgin English.The study found that as the spark of the collision of the two mainstream languages of Chinese and English,the Chinese English varieties play a very important role in the exchange and enrichment of the two languages and cultures.Although academic circles have different attitudes and opinions on Chinese English variants,their existence and development conform to the law of the development of things and are also inevitable in historical development.Blindly ignoring their objective existence will definitely bring adverse effects on the ecological balance of the language.We should face up to the existence of Chinese English variants,comply with the law of language development,and allow it to develop naturally,and make efforts to protect the ecological balance of the world’s languages.
文摘Singapore is a multi-ethnic country and it has four official languages, which is special all over the world. Bilingualism is emphasized in Singapore, so not only English is emphasized, mother tongue of the general public is also important. This leads to the variant of English in Singapore and Singapore English has developed its own features. In this study, the formation of the language policy,the classification of Singapore English, phonetic and grammatical features of Singapore English, and attitudes towards Singapore English will be discussed in details with the consideration of political,economic and cultural elements.
文摘This paper focuses on the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is intended to invite the readers for the broadening of the debate on the issues raised. The 20th century, for Kazakhs, became a century of tragic events which transformed them into the minority on their own native land. In spite of many collisions in history Kazakhs have not lost their language, the main wealth. At the beginning of the 21st century, Kazakhstan has tackled a lot of problems, connected with national and ethnic issues, social structure, and foreign and home policy. The influence of globalization is felt in every sphere of life in Kazakhstan. Serious ethno-demographic changes have occurred after gaining independence. Kazakhstan from the state with two dominating Kazakh and Russian diasporas has turned to the state with dominating one, the Kazakh ethnos. State language of the Republic of Kazakhstan now is Kazakh due to implementation of language policy
文摘From a linguistic point of view, all English dialects are‘equally complex, structured and valid linguistic systems'(Trudgill,1992:26) while non-linguists may find it hard to accept, as they are not holding linguistic attitudes but social language attitudes, which are based on their social and cultural values. The relevant researches on language attitudes show how subjective is language attitudes and the reasons behind that is analysed. The study is significant in that it helps us to understand the factors that influences the language attitudes such identities, personal experience and contexts.
