English-Chinese Translation of Science and Technology Texts Based on the Differences Between Chinese and Western Modes of Thinking

As a tool for human communication,the use of language is affected by the way of thinking in cross-cultural communication.Due to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures,the way of thinking varies under the influence of such cultural differences.In the process of translation,the influence of the different thinking mode on translation activities cannot be ignored.At present,a lot of studies and researches have focused on the influence of Chinese and Western thinking mode on translation.However,it is still worthwhile to study what specific influence the difference between Chinese and Western thinking mode will exert on the translation process of science texts and what kind of measure should be taken to solve the negative influence brought by the differences when we are translating.This paper aims to discuss the influence of thinking differences between Chinese and Western countries on the process of English-Chinese translation of science and technology from the perspectives of long sentences,passive voice and nominalization,and how the translators should appropriately adjust their thinking pattern and use reasonable skills to eliminate the potential negative interference caused by the difference and achieve a better transformation between English and Chinese.

Review of Research on English Translation of Chinese Running Sentences

In order to convey complete meanings,there is a phenomenon in Chinese of using multiple running sentences.Xu Jingning(2023,p.66)states,“In communication,a complete expression of meaning often requires more than one clause,which is common in human languages.”Domestic research on running sentences includes discussions on defining the concept and structural features of running sentences,sentence properties,sentence pattern classifications and their criteria,as well as issues related to translating running sentences into English.This article primarily focuses on scholarly research into the English translation of running sentences in China,highlighting recent achievements and identifying existing issues in the study of running sentence translation.However,by reviewing literature on the translation of running sentences,it is found that current research in the academic community on non-core running sentences is limited.Therefore,this paper proposes relevant strategies to address this issue.

Vocabulary Gap in English-Chinese Translation

Due to the differences in living environments,customs etc.,vocabulary gap often appears in the process of English-Chinese translation.Understanding the causes of it and finding the ways to solve them are very important.

Peer Feedback in Chinese-English Paragraph Translation Practice:A Case Study

This pilot research is to explore the efficacy of peer feedback in translation teaching and learning in the context where College English Test has great influence on university’s language teaching and learning through a case study.It will shed some light on pedagogical thinking in the context of Chinese ESL teaching and learning.

Translation and Translating:Theory and Practice——A Brief Introduction

Translation has always been playing an important role in the world history, however, it scarcely has gained enough attention in the world stage. In this paper, the author will analyze the importance of translation and translating, hope to arise people attention on this subject.

Towards On-line Automated Semantic Scoring of English-Chinese Translation

Described and exemplified a semantic scoring system of students' on-line English-Chinese translation. To achieve accurate assessment, the system adopted a comprehensive method which combines semantic scoring with keyword matching scoring. Four kinds of words-verbs, adjectives, adverbs and "the rest" including nouns, pronouns, idioms, prepositions, etc., are identified after parsing. The system treats different words tagged with different part of speech differently. Then it calculated the semantic similarity between these words of the standard versions and those of students' translations by the distinctive differences of the semantic features of these words with the aid of HowNet. The first semantic feature of verbs and the last semantic features of adjectives and adverbs are calculated. "The rest" is scored by keyword matching. The experiment results show that the semantic scoring system is applicable in fulfilling the task of scoring students' on-line English-Chinese translations.

A Study on English-Chinese Translation of Business Contracts Based on the Functional Equivalence Theory

This study explores the translation of business English contracts from English to Chinese from the perspective of functional equivalence.The functional equivalence theory involves three aspects of functional equivalence:lexical equivalence,sentential equivalence,and textual equivalence.As far as translation is concerned,translators adopt different translation techniques for different types of texts,striving to achieve equivalence in lexical,sentential,and textual functions.Therefore,translators are to recognize the different characteristics of business English contracts and highlight English translation styles and characteristics with the help of the functional equivalence theory.

Practice Analysis on the Teaching Theory and Skills of English Translation

As a universal language, English makes a better communication between China and the developed countries;English language teaching has become increasingly important in more and more Chinese Schools. At the beginning, when Chinese students start to learn a second language, they need to translate the second language such as English into Chinese in the first hand, and this procedure will help them to understand and learn English better. For English language translation teachers, they need to research and create the suitable, effective method of learning English translation for most students constantly in order to improve the English translation learning efficiency of the Chinese students. The local culture of China is quite different from the culture of other English speaking countries. When our Chinese students study English language translation, at the same time, they need to learn the different culture in different countries and learn how to accept and face up the cultural background difference between our country and the other English speaking countries. In the meantime, during the time of teaching English translation, the English translation subject teachers need to guide the students to learn and understand the difference in practice, and help them to establish a comprehensive and correct idea of learning English translation through teaching correct and different translation skills.

On Combining Ideological and Political Education with English-Chinese Translation Teaching

In fast-developing China,all courses in college need to take ideological and political education into teaching plan,this paper talks about the combining ideological and political education with English-Chinese translation teaching.Starting with analyzing the current situation and the necessities,this paper points out three basics for the combining:national confidence,culture confidence and keeping pace with the times.In the end,this paper points out some requirements for colleges,for departments,for teachers and for teaching methodologies.

The English-Chinese Translation Research of Divided We Stand from the Perspective of Translator Behavior Criticism

The paper is designed to research the translation practice of Divided We Stand from the perspective of Translator Behavior Criticism.Thus,the paper uses the tools of degree of truth-seeking,degree of utility and degree of rationality under the macro-guidance of Truth-seeking-Utility-attaining evaluative model of continuum.Specifically from the perspective of intra-translation,extra-translation and non-translation,the paper research and evaluate the translation practice.

An Analysis of English-Chinese Translation Methods and Skills of UCP600 under the Three Rules of Skopos Theory

Documentary credits play an important role in China's foreign trade settlements and UCP600 is the current international uniform customs and practice for documentary credits. This paper takes UCP600 as the analytical text and combines the three rules of Skopos Theory to analyze and summarize English-Chinese translation methods and skills of UCP600, aiming to help translators especially participated in foreign trade, to have a better understanding of E-C translation of UCP600 and give them some inspira-tions on understanding and translating texts similiar to UCP600, hence making settlements of documentary credits smoothier in Chinese foreign trade.

Incorrect Translation of Polysemy in English-Chinese Translation

It is common that translators always meet polysemy in the process of translation work. Polysemy has become a difficultpart in English-Chinese translation and there are many incorrect translations of polysemy in English-Chinese translation. In orderto resolve this translation difficult, this essay mainly analyzes the reasons of the form of polysemy and the reason causes the incor-rect translation and based on that analysis finally put forward some advice.

Comments on Nigel Wiseman s A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine(Ⅰ)——On the“Word-for-word”Literal Approach to Translation

Comments were made on the ＂word-for-word＂ literal translation method used by Mr. Nigel Wiseman in A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. He believes that only literal translation can reflect Chinese medical concepts accurately. The so-called ＂word-for-word＂ translation is actually ＂English-word-for- Chinese-character＂ translation. First, the authors of the dictionary made a list of Single Characters with English Equivalents, and then they gave each character of the medical term an English equivalent according to the list. Finally, they made some minor modifications to make the rendering grammatically smoother. Many English terms thus produced are confusing. The defect of the word-for-word literal translation stems from the erroneous idea that a single character constitutes the basic element of meaning corresponding to the notion of ＂word＂ in English, and the meaning of a disyllabic or polysyllabic Chinese word is the simple addition of the constituent characters. Another big mistake is the negligence of the polysemy of Chinese characters. One or two English equivalents can by no means cover all the various meanings of a single character which is a polysemous monosyllabic word. Various examples were cited from this dictionary to illustrate the mistakes.

Status of Practical Translation

Talking about translation, it seems that people have been researching the pure translation or the pure translation principle. Some researches consider the literature as highbrow art, while count practical translation as rustic art. In fact, since the World War II, translation has developed and involved all fields other than literary translation. In particular, since China joined the World Trade Organization, the practical translation was growing vigorously. However, in recent years, the practical translation is facing frustration. Internal and external reasons can explain the phenomenon.

On the Essence of Translating Activities——from the Perspective of Marxism's Practice Viewpoint

What is the essence of translating activities?Up to now,many scholars or translators have conducted this study.This thesis aims to study the essence of translating activities from a new perspective—Marxism’s Practice Viewpoint.Translating is a kind of language activity of reproduction,using another language to retell the content of the original accurately and completely.The author also makes his comments on the debate as to whether translating is a science or an art.The conclusion is that translating is neither an art nor a science.It is an activity marked by artistic creativity and scientific creativity,a scientific and artistic unity.

Application of a Web Search Engine in Translating Business Terms in English-Chinese Dictionaries

Web search engines are important tools for lexicography.This paper takes translation of business terms("e-commerce"and"e-business")as an example to illustrate the application of web search engines in English-Chinese dictionary translation,including the methods of(1)finding the potential Chinese equivalents of the English business terms,and(2)selecting typical and proper Chinese equivalents in accordance with the frequencies and the meanings of the English business terms respectively.

On Application of Nida’s Priorities in Translation

This paper analyzes Nida’s theory of translation, also his system of priorities. The paper uses examples to illustrate the application of Nida’s four priorities in the practice of English Chinese and Chinese English translation and concludes that we can apply the system to help the receptors of second language and source language to have the closest response.

Translation Studies在中国的名与实——兼谈翻译学的学科范围和界线问题

Translation Studies在当今中国学界名实不符,名实不符造成学科概念混淆,学科概念混淆造成学术理路混乱,学术理路混乱造成翻译理论与翻译实践关系失调。二者关系之失调致使翻译实践常失去规矩方圆,翻译理论多流于清谈空论,所谓翻译研究成了一方谁都可以在里边建构理论的无界限领地。针对这种现状,本文辨析了均用Translation Studies为其能指的译介学和翻译学之差异,指出了两个学科学科概念混淆的原因,明确了译介学和翻译学各自的学科概念,并呼吁翻译学应划定学科范围,保持学科特点,恢复翻译理论和翻译实践之间的良性互动关系。