English-Chinese Translation of Science and Technology Texts Based on the Differences Between Chinese and Western Modes of Thinking

As a tool for human communication,the use of language is affected by the way of thinking in cross-cultural communication.Due to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures,the way of thinking varies under the influence of such cultural differences.In the process of translation,the influence of the different thinking mode on translation activities cannot be ignored.At present,a lot of studies and researches have focused on the influence of Chinese and Western thinking mode on translation.However,it is still worthwhile to study what specific influence the difference between Chinese and Western thinking mode will exert on the translation process of science texts and what kind of measure should be taken to solve the negative influence brought by the differences when we are translating.This paper aims to discuss the influence of thinking differences between Chinese and Western countries on the process of English-Chinese translation of science and technology from the perspectives of long sentences,passive voice and nominalization,and how the translators should appropriately adjust their thinking pattern and use reasonable skills to eliminate the potential negative interference caused by the difference and achieve a better transformation between English and Chinese.

Vocabulary Gap in English-Chinese Translation

Due to the differences in living environments,customs etc.,vocabulary gap often appears in the process of English-Chinese translation.Understanding the causes of it and finding the ways to solve them are very important.

On English-Chinese Equivalence Translation in Various Clauses

The paper discusses the application of the thematic theory and theinformation equivalence to English-Chinese translation.It first probes into thetraditional way of translating and points out its weaknesses.Then,it interprets thesignificance of achieving thematic equivalence and information equivalence in English-Chinese translating.Finally,it presents a lot of examples to show how the research isapplied to the translation of various clause structures from English into Chinese so as towin equivalence translation.

English translation of modern Chinese verbal ＂-le＂ --A study based on English-Chinese ＆ Chinese-English parallel corpus

Through the contrastive study on functional load of ＂-le＂ in original Chinese texts and translated Chinese texts, the results show that past tense, perfective aspect and seldom other forms are the corresponding forms of ＂-le＂ and its translation has a close relationship with verb classes, pragmatic functions, contextual meaning and so on.

Literal or Free Translation in English-Chinese Film Translation-A Case Study of Pride and Prejudice

As a method of bridging language and culture, translation has played a significant part in connecting the ideas of people all over the world and accelerating the communication in politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology. China has increased cultural exchanges with many other countries, and a great number of foreign films have flooded into our country. Thus, how to appropriately translate the foreign films becomes an urgent issue. In the process of translating English films to Chinese ones, the translator should use a method to attend to the content of the movie itself, especially recreational artistic features, as well as tremendous differences between English language and Chinese language culture. This paper attempts to compare the different film versions of Pride and Prejudice (edition 1995), and analyzes the examples of literal translation and free translation in order to reveal the difficulty of which translation method to choose in film translation. Thus, based on the comparison, we could get a tentative result that which kind of film version is more accepted by most audiences so that we can provide the film translators some new train of thought.

Non-linguistic Factors and Strategies on the English-Chinese Translation of Humor

The text have an in-depth discussion of the non-linguistic factors on the English-Chinese Translation of humor,and according to different types of humor,summarized the corresponding translation strategies,including the naturalization,replacement and explanation.

Impacts of Conversational Implicature in English-Chinese Translation

Translation has always been acknowledged as one main branch of linguistics.Catford holds that translation is a specific linguistic theory.It’s necessary and important to study the relationship between translation and linguistic.Many scholars have proposed many opinions on the impacts of conversational implicature.From the academic perspective and on the basis of Grice,H.P’s conversational implicature theory,this article makes a careful analysis of conversational implicature and translation by giving exact definition and discussing the features of them.This article talks about the relationship between conversational implicature and translation by giving definitions and setting examples,hoping to help translation in further and make a great contribution to the development of translation.

Brief Analysis on the Cultural Factors in English-Chinese Translation

As a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural activity, translation aims to communicate information. And the basis of this communication lies in the common understanding of cultural backgrounds of the target language as well as the source language. By analyzing the cultural features of English and Chinese, this paper mainly suggests that in the process of English-Chinese translation, we should not only consider the factors of language itself but also emphasize the analysis of cultural differences so that we can avoid mistranslating as much as possible and realize the most appropriate translation and the true purpose of communication.

An On-line Assessment System for English-Chinese Translation

On-line assessment of English-Chinese translation is a challenging task as it involves natural language processing.YanFa,an on-line assessment system for English-Chinese translation,is a pilot research project into scoring student's translation on-line.Based on the theory of translation equivalence,an algorithm called "conceptual similarity matching" was developed.YanFa can assess students' translation on-line timely,generate test papers automatically,offer standard versions of translation,and the scores of each sentence to students.The evaluation proves that YanFa is practical compared with the scores given by experts.

Study on Lexical Cohesionin English-Chinese and its Implications for Translation

Lexical cohesion is one of the major cohesive devices. Based on the the theoretical framework proposed by Halliday and Hasan(2001),This paper tentatively compares lexical cohesion in English and Chinese,analyzes the similarities and differences of cohesivedevicesinEnglishandChineseandshedsanewlightforlearnersuponChinese-EnglishandEnglish-Chinesetranslation.

On the Status quo and Countermeasures of English-Chinese Public Signs Translation: A Case Study of Tianjin

Bilingual public signs are extensively used in Chinese-speaking regions such as China's Mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong. This article concentrates on issues relating to English-Chinese public signs in Tianjin and their translation countermeasures. Based on examples collected from public places, it can be found that English-Chinese public signs in these places constitute a special genre and tend to use a descriptive and/or figurative language style to convey a simple message, which creates challenges for translation. The paper mainly discusses the status quo of public signs in Tianjin, the Skopos theory and its application in public signs translation. It is found that under the guidance of the Skopos theory the translation may be well conducted. The paper concludes that the unique nature of public signs in public places suggests a need for further investigation of the language styles used in such signs in both languages and the most appropriate strategies for their translation.

A Comparative Study of Chinese Translations of Tagore’s Stray Birds From the Perspective of the“Three Beauties Theory”

For more than 60 years,Mr.Xu Yuanchong has been devoted to education.He has not only made remarkable achievements in translating from and into Chinese,English,French and other languages,but has also developed his own unique concept of translation.Since 1950,he has always adhered to the“Three Beauties Theory”,believing that translation should not only rely on the original text,but also realize the“beauty of meaning”,“beauty of sound”,and“beauty of form”.Based on Xu Yuanchong’s“Three Beauties Theory”,this paper takes Zheng Zhenduo’s and Feng Tang’s Chinese translations of Stray Birds as an example to explore in depth the specifics of poetry translation theory.The study summarizes the similarities and differences between these two translations in embodying the“three beauties”,providing insights into the Chinese translation techniques of philosophical prose poems.This endeavor seeks to offer valuable insights for the comparative study of Stray Birds translations。

A Novel Beam Search to Improve Neural Machine Translation for English-Chinese

Neural Machine Translation(NMT)is an end-to-end learning approach for automated translation,overcoming the weaknesses of conventional phrase-based translation systems.Although NMT based systems have gained their popularity in commercial translation applications,there is still plenty of room for improvement.Being the most popular search algorithm in NMT,beam search is vital to the translation result.However,traditional beam search can produce duplicate or missing translation due to its target sequence selection strategy.Aiming to alleviate this problem,this paper proposed neural machine translation improvements based on a novel beam search evaluation function.And we use reinforcement learning to train a translation evaluation system to select better candidate words for generating translations.In the experiments,we conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our methods.CASIA corpus and the 1,000,000 pairs of bilingual corpora of NiuTrans are used in our experiments.The experiment results prove that the proposed methods can effectively improve the English to Chinese translation quality.

On the Translation of English-Chinese Idioms

The idiomatic phrase is equal to the phrase that people use frequently language in the world that had long and splendid history all contains large quantities of idiom. They form regular phrases and short sentences through long use and refinement in the development of language. The idiomatic phrases contain varied cultural information, embody a lot of cultural feature, and cultural background. The idiomatic phrases display distinct image and figure of speech, and they also have bright national characteristic and regional (local) color. The paper includes four parts. The first chapter is to introduce the generalization of idioms and translation, and the second part is to list four different definitions of idiom according to some translational experts, next step leads in classification and sources of idiom. The third chapter introduces some common strategies of idiomatic translation such as literal translation, literal translation plus notes, free translation, and the combination of literal and free translation. At last sum up the paper.

A Case Study of Periodical Terminologies’Mis-translations in History of Chinese Journalism by Ko Kung-chen under Analysis-Synthesis Translation Mode

From the perspective of analysis-synthesis translation mode,this paper discusses the translator’s responsibility and the translator’s role in the translation of historiography,based on the case of Ko Kung-chen’s History of Chinese Journalism.Missionary J.S.Roberts believed that translation is the logical combination of two processes of analysis and synthesis.The analysis process is characterized by understanding,emphasizing accurate understanding and professional analysis of the source text,while the synthesis process focuses on the transformation of language and culture.The two processes are dependent,forming the whole process of translation altogether.As the indisputable subject of translation,the translator should assume his own subjective responsibility in the two processes.The translator should be responsible for the fact and professional academics in the analysis process,and language and culture and translation itself in the synthesis process,playing the role of a reviewer,disseminator and translator to ensure that the translation text would be correct,accurate and professional so as to realize the value of himself and translation.

Towards On-line Automated Semantic Scoring of English-Chinese Translation

Described and exemplified a semantic scoring system of students' on-line English-Chinese translation. To achieve accurate assessment, the system adopted a comprehensive method which combines semantic scoring with keyword matching scoring. Four kinds of words-verbs, adjectives, adverbs and "the rest" including nouns, pronouns, idioms, prepositions, etc., are identified after parsing. The system treats different words tagged with different part of speech differently. Then it calculated the semantic similarity between these words of the standard versions and those of students' translations by the distinctive differences of the semantic features of these words with the aid of HowNet. The first semantic feature of verbs and the last semantic features of adjectives and adverbs are calculated. "The rest" is scored by keyword matching. The experiment results show that the semantic scoring system is applicable in fulfilling the task of scoring students' on-line English-Chinese translations.

A Comparative Study on English-Chinese Translation of The Borrowers from the Perspective of Skopos Theory

When translating children's literature, the characteristics of the target readers can not be neglected. However, in thetranslation of literary works in China, translation of children's literature in China has always been ignored. E-C translation practicein children's literature and the theoretical study are of imbalance. When it comes to the theoretical study of E-C translation of chil-dren's literature, it is far backward. Skopostheorie holds that the purpose of translation is the primary rule to be followed, and pro-vides children's literature translation with theory evidence. The Borrowers was introduced into China in 1990, highly appreciatedby readers. However, the related research in the translation of this book is poor. This paper takes Skopostheorie as the theoreticalframework and combines the characteristics of children's literature, discussing the different Chinese translation versions of the Brit-ish children's literature The Borrowers. This paper makes a comparative analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of differentChinese versions, and summarizes the methods of translating children's literature.

A Study on English-Chinese Translation of Business Contracts Based on the Functional Equivalence Theory

This study explores the translation of business English contracts from English to Chinese from the perspective of functional equivalence.The functional equivalence theory involves three aspects of functional equivalence:lexical equivalence,sentential equivalence,and textual equivalence.As far as translation is concerned,translators adopt different translation techniques for different types of texts,striving to achieve equivalence in lexical,sentential,and textual functions.Therefore,translators are to recognize the different characteristics of business English contracts and highlight English translation styles and characteristics with the help of the functional equivalence theory.

Skopostheorie and the Application to English-Chinese Film Title Translation

This paper aims to explore the film title translation(FTT) from English to Chinese with an attempt to adapt Skoposthoerie as a guiding theory. Although usually short, film titles have a significance influence on box-offices. However, generally in China, FTT lacks a guiding theory. In fact, FTT is a purposeful activity. Among numerous translation theories, Skopostheorie is appropriate for FTT because, unlike previous theories, it enables the translator to employ various translational strategies to realize the main skopos. Its distinctive feature is"The end justifies the means". Generally, the main purpose of FTT is to attract the target audience(the Chinese audience) to watch the movie. This essay mainly classifies FTT into partial and total literal translation and free translation and, under the guidance of Skopstheorie, tries to probe into different strategies for different title types. In the introduction part, research background is presented. ChapterⅡ is devoted to the overview of Skopostheorie. Chapter Ⅲ is an overview of English film titles. As the core of this essay, Chapter Ⅳ focuses on the application of Skopostheorie to FTT. In order to realize vocative function, which is to call upon the audience to watch movies, intratextual coherence should be achieved. And abundant target film titles are adapted to explain that different strategies are employed for different titles. The conclusion is that Skopostheorie can play an active role in guiding FTT and in terms of Skopostheorie, FTT is in essence a process of renaming and recreation with certain strains to realize its vocative function.

On Combining Ideological and Political Education with English-Chinese Translation Teaching

In fast-developing China,all courses in college need to take ideological and political education into teaching plan,this paper talks about the combining ideological and political education with English-Chinese translation teaching.Starting with analyzing the current situation and the necessities,this paper points out three basics for the combining:national confidence,culture confidence and keeping pace with the times.In the end,this paper points out some requirements for colleges,for departments,for teachers and for teaching methodologies.