The effects of ambient CO2/ambient UV-B, enriched CO2/ambient UV-B, ambient CO2/enhanced UV-B, and enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B on the ultrastructure of Dunaliella salina were investigated. （1） The ultrastructure of D...The effects of ambient CO2/ambient UV-B, enriched CO2/ambient UV-B, ambient CO2/enhanced UV-B, and enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B on the ultrastructure of Dunaliella salina were investigated. （1） The ultrastructure of D..salina cell in the control experiment showed that the arrangement of thylakoid lamellae was regular, and there were many large starch grains among the thylakoid lamellae. A prominent well-developed pyrenoid was found in the middle of the chloroplast. Nucleus envelope and nucleolus were clearly observed. The Golgi apparatus accompanied by numerous vesicles with a compact arrangement of cisternae and the peripheral tips of the cisternae were swollen to a size comparable to that of some of the associated vesicles. （2） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enriched CO2 showed that the arrangement of thylakoid was regular and the lamellae were vivid. Developed pyrenoids were found in the low-CO2-grown cells, but not in the high-CO2-grown cells. The mitochondria cristae were vivid. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was compact. （3） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enhanced UV-B showed that the thylakoid was dissolved and the cells had a less developed pyrenoid or no detectable pyrenoid. Part of the nucleus envelope was dissolved. The number ofmitochondria was increased and some mitochondria cristae were disintegrated. The starch grains were broken apart into many small starch grains. The Golgi apparatus with a loose arrangement ofcistemae and the peripheral tips of the Golgi cistemae were not especially swollen, with several large associated vesicles. （4） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in the enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B showed that part of the thylakoid and nucleus envelopes of some cells were dissolved. The pyrenoid was larger than that of the enhanced UV-B. There were many mitochondria between stroma and chloroplast membrane, but mitochondria cristae were partly dissolved. Many small starch grains were accumulated in cells. The starch sheath was broken into several discontinuous starch grains with different sizes. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was loose. Above all, although the enriched CO2 can alleviate the damage induced by the UV-B radiation, the effects of experimental UV-B radiation were larger than the effects of actual UV-B radiation, the damage induced by the UV-B radiation was so severe, therefore, CO2 enrichment could not restore the ultrastructure to the control level.展开更多
Being sessile, plants are continuously exposed to DNA-damaging agents presenting in the environment such as ultraviolet (UV). Sunlight acts as an energy source for photosynthetic plants;hence, avoidance of UV radiatio...Being sessile, plants are continuously exposed to DNA-damaging agents presenting in the environment such as ultraviolet (UV). Sunlight acts as an energy source for photosynthetic plants;hence, avoidance of UV radiations (namely, UV-A, 315 - 400 nm;UV-B, 280 - 315 nm;and UV-C, 1 group: 4.05 kJ•m-2•d-1, B2 group: 10.08 kJ•m-2•d-1, B3 group: 7.05 kJ•m-2•d-1, B4 group: 23.02 kJ•m-2•d-1) treatment wheat, then, explored on the growth of wheat root and wheat root tip cell of chromosome aberration effect. In wheat, root-tip cells were observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the results showed that low doses of B1 group (4.05 kJ•m-2•d-1) promoted the growth of wheat root and cell mitosis frequency. But high dose of B2 group (10.08 kJ•m-2•d-1), B3 group (17.05 kJ•m-2•d-1), B4 group (23.02 kJ•m-2•d-1) inhibited the growth of wheat root tip, and made crooked growth of wheat root, and inhibited the wheat root tip cell mitotic frequency and processed that induce root tip cells of wheat produce all kinds of aberration of chromosome in the interphase containing “multiple nucleoli nuclei”, “incomplete nuclei”, “long round nuclei”, “bean sprouts nucleus”. In mitosis M period contains “dissociative chromosome”, “chromosome bridge”, “adhesion chromosome”, “multi-bundle divide”, “nuclear anomalies”. After, high doses of enhanced UV-B radiation treatment, most of the cell cycle anomaly concentrated in mitosis interphase. In mitosis M period, with UV-B radiation dose enhanced chromosome aberration rate was on the rise and the aberration types also increasing.展开更多
The distribution and morphology alterations of microfilaments and microtubules in the mesophyll cells and root-tip cells of wheat seedlings, which had been radiated by enhanced ultraviolet-B (10.08 KJ·m-2·d-...The distribution and morphology alterations of microfilaments and microtubules in the mesophyll cells and root-tip cells of wheat seedlings, which had been radiated by enhanced ultraviolet-B (10.08 KJ·m-2·d-1), were examined through the confocal laser scanning microscope (Model FV1000, Olympus, Japan). Microtubule was labeled with an indirect immunofluorescence staining method, and microfilament was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate-phalloidin (FITC-Ph) as probes. The results indicated that microtubules in mesophyll cells, compared with the controls, would be depolymerized significantly, and dispersed randomly showing some spots or short rods in the cytoplasm, under the enhanced UV-B radiation condition. The microtubule bundles tended to be diffused, and the fluorescence intensity of that significantly decreased. The distribution pattern of microfilaments, which usually arranged parallelly in control cells, was broken up by enhanced UV-B radiation. We further investigated the distribution and morphology of microtubules in root-tip cells during every stage of cell division, and found that these aberrant phenomena of microtubules were often associated with abnormal cell division. Our findings suggested that the distribution, morphology and structure of cytoskeleton in mesophyll cells and root-tip cells of wheat seedlings would be affected by enhanced UV-B radiation, which might be related to abnormal cell division caused by enhanced UV-B radiation as an extracellular signal.展开更多
Effect of UV - B radiation on the feeding behaviour of marine zooplankton is important to assessing the health harm of marine ecosystem due to the gradually enhanced UV - B radiation in air. However, there are a few s...Effect of UV - B radiation on the feeding behaviour of marine zooplankton is important to assessing the health harm of marine ecosystem due to the gradually enhanced UV - B radiation in air. However, there are a few studies on this topic. The feeding behavior of the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, under the treatment of UV - B radiation on five species of microalgae, i. e. , Chlorella sp. , Tetraselmis chuii, Isochrysis galbana Park 8701, Chaetoceros muelleri Lermumerman, and Nitzschia clostertum, was studied. The results showed that the filtering and feeding rates of the rotifer decreased significantly with the dose increase of UV - B radiation when fed with five species of microalgae respectively （ P 〈 0.05 ） which indicates UV - B radiation inhibits the feeding activities of the rotifer on microalage. The mixed culture experiments shows the rotifer preferred to feed Chlorella sp. , then C. muelleri, L galbana, N. clostertum and T. chuii in turn if without UV - B radiation. Under the highest dose of UV - B radiation treatment （2.70 kJ/m^2）, the rotifer preferred to feed C. muelleri, then Chlorella sp. , N. clostertum, L galbana and T. chuii in turn. Chlorella sp. , L galbana and C. muelleri became the more favorite foods of the rotifer while T. chuii and N. clostertum became less favorite foods. The change of feeding rate and feeding selectivity of zooplankton driven by the enhanced UV - B radiation will lead to the change in the structure of phytoplankton community.展开更多
The effects of exposure to UV-B radiation, 280-315 nm, and dark or dark repair conditions on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm collected from Qingdao coast were studied under the laboratory condition. A...The effects of exposure to UV-B radiation, 280-315 nm, and dark or dark repair conditions on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm collected from Qingdao coast were studied under the laboratory condition. After being exposed to different doses [0, 36, 72, 108, 144 and 180 J/（m2.d）] of UV-B radiation, one treatment of tetraspores were put back to normal culture condition （PAR）, the other treatment were put into dark condition to repair for 2 h. During the cultivation, the diameter of the tetraspores were recorded every 4 d till the 50th day when vertical branches formed in all treatments. Then at the 50th day, CPDs, phycoerythrin, chlorophyll a and MAAs （Palythine and asterina-330） were measured. The results showed that low doses UV-B radiation could significantly accelerate the growth rate of the rate reduced gradually with UV-B radiation keep on tetraspores of C. ocellatus and the growth increasing. The variation trend of both the phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a concentration reduced significantly （P 〈0.05） once given the UV- B radiation. Under UV-B stress, the CPDs were induced, and the concentrations of CPDs were significant low in dark repair groups. The data of MAAs analyzed by LC/MS in the tetraspores of C. ocellatus suggested that there were two MAAs formed （palythine and asterina-330） after UV-B radiation induced, and low dose of UV-B irradiation could significantly induced the concentration of MAAs. From the growth and development state of the tetraspores, negative effects of UV-B radiation on the dark repair groups were more serious than PAR.展开更多
选择来源于不同地区的8个不同番茄品种为试验材料,通过盆栽试验,在大棚内模拟昆明地区臭氧衰减20%时的紫外辐射强度（5 k J/m2）,研究不同番茄品种生长和生理特征对UV-B辐射增强响应的差异。结果表明：（1）不同品种番茄株高、根长和生...选择来源于不同地区的8个不同番茄品种为试验材料,通过盆栽试验,在大棚内模拟昆明地区臭氧衰减20%时的紫外辐射强度（5 k J/m2）,研究不同番茄品种生长和生理特征对UV-B辐射增强响应的差异。结果表明：（1）不同品种番茄株高、根长和生物量均随UV-B辐射增强而下降,其中‘台湾圣女’（TS）生物量下降60.90%,‘樱桃小番茄’（YT）生物量下降最少,为14.23%。（2）UV-B辐射下,不同品种番茄叶片光合色素均有所降低,超级大明星番茄的叶绿素a,b和类胡萝卜素分别降低62.13%;71.24%和66.52%;叶片丙二醛含量均有所上升,其中‘中蔬四号’番茄的叶片丙二醛含量上升747.47%。（3）不同品种番茄果实可溶糖含量和产量分别下降4.03%～37.80%和4.03%～37.80%;除‘雄霸天下’番茄果实有机酸含量下降外,其他各品种番茄果实中的有机酸含量上升12.93%～301.67%。（4）UV-B辐射下,不同品种番茄的综合响应指数为-55.46～242.00,各品种依次为：‘天泽上海908F1’（TZS）〉‘天泽毛粉802’（TZM）〉‘超级大明星’（CJ）〉‘台湾圣女’（TS）〉‘樱桃小番茄’（YT）〉‘中蔬四号’（ZS）〉‘天皇明星’（TH）〉‘雄霸天下’（XB）。总之,UV-B辐射会降低番茄产量和品质,‘天泽上海908F1’番茄对UV-B辐射的抗性最强,‘雄霸天下’番茄最敏感。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 30270258 and 40506028the Encouraging Foundation for 0utstanding Youth Scientists of Shandong Province under contract No.03BS120the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No.2005037237.
文摘The effects of ambient CO2/ambient UV-B, enriched CO2/ambient UV-B, ambient CO2/enhanced UV-B, and enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B on the ultrastructure of Dunaliella salina were investigated. （1） The ultrastructure of D..salina cell in the control experiment showed that the arrangement of thylakoid lamellae was regular, and there were many large starch grains among the thylakoid lamellae. A prominent well-developed pyrenoid was found in the middle of the chloroplast. Nucleus envelope and nucleolus were clearly observed. The Golgi apparatus accompanied by numerous vesicles with a compact arrangement of cisternae and the peripheral tips of the cisternae were swollen to a size comparable to that of some of the associated vesicles. （2） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enriched CO2 showed that the arrangement of thylakoid was regular and the lamellae were vivid. Developed pyrenoids were found in the low-CO2-grown cells, but not in the high-CO2-grown cells. The mitochondria cristae were vivid. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was compact. （3） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enhanced UV-B showed that the thylakoid was dissolved and the cells had a less developed pyrenoid or no detectable pyrenoid. Part of the nucleus envelope was dissolved. The number ofmitochondria was increased and some mitochondria cristae were disintegrated. The starch grains were broken apart into many small starch grains. The Golgi apparatus with a loose arrangement ofcistemae and the peripheral tips of the Golgi cistemae were not especially swollen, with several large associated vesicles. （4） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in the enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B showed that part of the thylakoid and nucleus envelopes of some cells were dissolved. The pyrenoid was larger than that of the enhanced UV-B. There were many mitochondria between stroma and chloroplast membrane, but mitochondria cristae were partly dissolved. Many small starch grains were accumulated in cells. The starch sheath was broken into several discontinuous starch grains with different sizes. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was loose. Above all, although the enriched CO2 can alleviate the damage induced by the UV-B radiation, the effects of experimental UV-B radiation were larger than the effects of actual UV-B radiation, the damage induced by the UV-B radiation was so severe, therefore, CO2 enrichment could not restore the ultrastructure to the control level.
文摘Being sessile, plants are continuously exposed to DNA-damaging agents presenting in the environment such as ultraviolet (UV). Sunlight acts as an energy source for photosynthetic plants;hence, avoidance of UV radiations (namely, UV-A, 315 - 400 nm;UV-B, 280 - 315 nm;and UV-C, 1 group: 4.05 kJ•m-2•d-1, B2 group: 10.08 kJ•m-2•d-1, B3 group: 7.05 kJ•m-2•d-1, B4 group: 23.02 kJ•m-2•d-1) treatment wheat, then, explored on the growth of wheat root and wheat root tip cell of chromosome aberration effect. In wheat, root-tip cells were observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the results showed that low doses of B1 group (4.05 kJ•m-2•d-1) promoted the growth of wheat root and cell mitosis frequency. But high dose of B2 group (10.08 kJ•m-2•d-1), B3 group (17.05 kJ•m-2•d-1), B4 group (23.02 kJ•m-2•d-1) inhibited the growth of wheat root tip, and made crooked growth of wheat root, and inhibited the wheat root tip cell mitotic frequency and processed that induce root tip cells of wheat produce all kinds of aberration of chromosome in the interphase containing “multiple nucleoli nuclei”, “incomplete nuclei”, “long round nuclei”, “bean sprouts nucleus”. In mitosis M period contains “dissociative chromosome”, “chromosome bridge”, “adhesion chromosome”, “multi-bundle divide”, “nuclear anomalies”. After, high doses of enhanced UV-B radiation treatment, most of the cell cycle anomaly concentrated in mitosis interphase. In mitosis M period, with UV-B radiation dose enhanced chromosome aberration rate was on the rise and the aberration types also increasing.
文摘The distribution and morphology alterations of microfilaments and microtubules in the mesophyll cells and root-tip cells of wheat seedlings, which had been radiated by enhanced ultraviolet-B (10.08 KJ·m-2·d-1), were examined through the confocal laser scanning microscope (Model FV1000, Olympus, Japan). Microtubule was labeled with an indirect immunofluorescence staining method, and microfilament was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate-phalloidin (FITC-Ph) as probes. The results indicated that microtubules in mesophyll cells, compared with the controls, would be depolymerized significantly, and dispersed randomly showing some spots or short rods in the cytoplasm, under the enhanced UV-B radiation condition. The microtubule bundles tended to be diffused, and the fluorescence intensity of that significantly decreased. The distribution pattern of microfilaments, which usually arranged parallelly in control cells, was broken up by enhanced UV-B radiation. We further investigated the distribution and morphology of microtubules in root-tip cells during every stage of cell division, and found that these aberrant phenomena of microtubules were often associated with abnormal cell division. Our findings suggested that the distribution, morphology and structure of cytoskeleton in mesophyll cells and root-tip cells of wheat seedlings would be affected by enhanced UV-B radiation, which might be related to abnormal cell division caused by enhanced UV-B radiation as an extracellular signal.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 30270258 and 40506028 the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under contract No. 2002AA648010+2 种基金 the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No. 2005037237 the Shandong Scientific Research Encouragement Foundation for Talent Youths under contract No. 03BS120the Doctor Scientific Research Foundation of Dongying Vocational College under contract No. B J0602.
文摘Effect of UV - B radiation on the feeding behaviour of marine zooplankton is important to assessing the health harm of marine ecosystem due to the gradually enhanced UV - B radiation in air. However, there are a few studies on this topic. The feeding behavior of the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, under the treatment of UV - B radiation on five species of microalgae, i. e. , Chlorella sp. , Tetraselmis chuii, Isochrysis galbana Park 8701, Chaetoceros muelleri Lermumerman, and Nitzschia clostertum, was studied. The results showed that the filtering and feeding rates of the rotifer decreased significantly with the dose increase of UV - B radiation when fed with five species of microalgae respectively （ P 〈 0.05 ） which indicates UV - B radiation inhibits the feeding activities of the rotifer on microalage. The mixed culture experiments shows the rotifer preferred to feed Chlorella sp. , then C. muelleri, L galbana, N. clostertum and T. chuii in turn if without UV - B radiation. Under the highest dose of UV - B radiation treatment （2.70 kJ/m^2）, the rotifer preferred to feed C. muelleri, then Chlorella sp. , N. clostertum, L galbana and T. chuii in turn. Chlorella sp. , L galbana and C. muelleri became the more favorite foods of the rotifer while T. chuii and N. clostertum became less favorite foods. The change of feeding rate and feeding selectivity of zooplankton driven by the enhanced UV - B radiation will lead to the change in the structure of phytoplankton community.
文摘The effects of exposure to UV-B radiation, 280-315 nm, and dark or dark repair conditions on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm collected from Qingdao coast were studied under the laboratory condition. After being exposed to different doses [0, 36, 72, 108, 144 and 180 J/（m2.d）] of UV-B radiation, one treatment of tetraspores were put back to normal culture condition （PAR）, the other treatment were put into dark condition to repair for 2 h. During the cultivation, the diameter of the tetraspores were recorded every 4 d till the 50th day when vertical branches formed in all treatments. Then at the 50th day, CPDs, phycoerythrin, chlorophyll a and MAAs （Palythine and asterina-330） were measured. The results showed that low doses UV-B radiation could significantly accelerate the growth rate of the rate reduced gradually with UV-B radiation keep on tetraspores of C. ocellatus and the growth increasing. The variation trend of both the phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a concentration reduced significantly （P 〈0.05） once given the UV- B radiation. Under UV-B stress, the CPDs were induced, and the concentrations of CPDs were significant low in dark repair groups. The data of MAAs analyzed by LC/MS in the tetraspores of C. ocellatus suggested that there were two MAAs formed （palythine and asterina-330） after UV-B radiation induced, and low dose of UV-B irradiation could significantly induced the concentration of MAAs. From the growth and development state of the tetraspores, negative effects of UV-B radiation on the dark repair groups were more serious than PAR.
文摘选择来源于不同地区的8个不同番茄品种为试验材料,通过盆栽试验,在大棚内模拟昆明地区臭氧衰减20%时的紫外辐射强度（5 k J/m2）,研究不同番茄品种生长和生理特征对UV-B辐射增强响应的差异。结果表明：（1）不同品种番茄株高、根长和生物量均随UV-B辐射增强而下降,其中‘台湾圣女’（TS）生物量下降60.90%,‘樱桃小番茄’（YT）生物量下降最少,为14.23%。（2）UV-B辐射下,不同品种番茄叶片光合色素均有所降低,超级大明星番茄的叶绿素a,b和类胡萝卜素分别降低62.13%;71.24%和66.52%;叶片丙二醛含量均有所上升,其中‘中蔬四号’番茄的叶片丙二醛含量上升747.47%。（3）不同品种番茄果实可溶糖含量和产量分别下降4.03%～37.80%和4.03%～37.80%;除‘雄霸天下’番茄果实有机酸含量下降外,其他各品种番茄果实中的有机酸含量上升12.93%～301.67%。（4）UV-B辐射下,不同品种番茄的综合响应指数为-55.46～242.00,各品种依次为：‘天泽上海908F1’（TZS）〉‘天泽毛粉802’（TZM）〉‘超级大明星’（CJ）〉‘台湾圣女’（TS）〉‘樱桃小番茄’（YT）〉‘中蔬四号’（ZS）〉‘天皇明星’（TH）〉‘雄霸天下’（XB）。总之,UV-B辐射会降低番茄产量和品质,‘天泽上海908F1’番茄对UV-B辐射的抗性最强,‘雄霸天下’番茄最敏感。
