Children with attention deficit and hyper activity disorder have various problems such as low academic performance, social and communication problems, anxiety, depression, aggression, conduct disorder and delinquency,...Children with attention deficit and hyper activity disorder have various problems such as low academic performance, social and communication problems, anxiety, depression, aggression, conduct disorder and delinquency, and also when they become adults, they have problems in social relationships that these problems can increase or decrease in dealing with family. Hence, this study was performed in order to examine the impact of family-based behavioral treatment compared with Barkley behavior therapy in reducing symptoms of children with attention deficit disorder—ADHD. To meet the aim, 20 of children with age range of 7 to 12 years old with attention deficit disorder—hyperactivity were selected in both experimental and control groups, and exposed to the treatment of behavioral family therapy groups and changes in behavior Barkley. Before and after the treatment, they were evaluated according to the scale of the Conner’s Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form (CPRS-R: S). Results of multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental group who had received family-based behavioral treatments based on changes in behavior Barkley and a control group who had received drug treatment in variables, including conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic symptoms, and signs of impulsive hyperactivity, anxiety and hyperactivity (p < 0.01). These results could be guidance for counsel or sand therapists for children with attention deficit disorder—ADHD.展开更多
In terms of advancement of life to meet the challenges new method for neuropsychopharmacological research are continually developing to ensure superior safety, accuracy, efficacy, precision etc. In this experiment, we...In terms of advancement of life to meet the challenges new method for neuropsychopharmacological research are continually developing to ensure superior safety, accuracy, efficacy, precision etc. In this experiment, we suggested and validated two neuropsychopharmacological testing methods, these are Numeral Finding (NF) and Typo Revealing (TR) tests for the determination of attention in healthy aged human participants. The objective of this experiment was to generate more effective testing methods for the assessment of attention in human. The rationality of the aforementioned methods was checked by a randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial for the period of 21 days among healthy aged human participants. The experiment was conducted at Gazipur Sadar, Gazipur-1703, Dhaka, Bangladesh between the period of December 2015 and March 2016. The experiment center was the Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh. In this experiment, 60 healthy male participants between the age ranges of 40 to 50 years old were selected and randomly divided by simple randomization process into 3 groups with 20 participants in each. Ginkgo biloba standardized extract’s capsule (Giloba<sup>?</sup><sup></sup> and Kobi<sup>?</sup>) was used as a standard and as a placebo control psyllium seed husk (i.e., seed of the Plantago ovata) was used after filling in the hard gelatin capsule shell (size 0). Group 1 was treated with Giloba<sup>? </sup>in which each capsule contained 120 mg Ginkgo biloba standardized extract (GBG) and group 2 was treated with Kobi<sup>?</sup> in which each capsule contained 60 mg Ginkgo biloba standardized extract (GBK). The treatment procedure for group 3 was psyllium seed husk’s capsule that served as placebo control (PC). Throughout the experiment each capsule was administered 3 times daily. Treatment with Ginkgo biloba standardized extracts for successive days markedly increased the attention of the participants with respect to PC group. In the NF test, administration of GBG and GBK extracts significantly (P P P < 0.01) increased the attention of the participants on 14<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st</sup> day as compared to that of PC group. For TR test treatment with GBG and GBK extracts markedly (P P P < 0.01) increased the attention of the participants on 14<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st</sup> day with respect to PC group. The existing experiment proved that NF and TR tests undoubtedly revealed the attention enhancing activity of the Ginkgo biloba standardized extracts in healthy aged human participants. Consequently, the recommended newly emerging methods can be used for the assessment of attention in human and will create a miracle in the domain of neuroscience.展开更多
AIM: To investigate child and adolescent psychiatrists'(CAPs) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder(ODD) diagnoses and treatments in real-world clinical practice. METHODS...AIM: To investigate child and adolescent psychiatrists'(CAPs) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder(ODD) diagnoses and treatments in real-world clinical practice. METHODS: The medical records of 69 ADHD children(mean age = 9.5 years), newly referred to the ADHD clinic, were reviewed for their scores of parent- and teacher-reported Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scales(VADRSs), CAPs' diagnoses of ADHD and ODD, and CAPs' treatment recommendations. Among 63 ADHD subjects who completed both parent and teacher VADRSs, we examined the agreement of the parent and teacher VADRSs. We also examined the concurrent validity of CAPs' ODD diagnoses against the results from the VADRSs. In addition, we compared CAPs' treatment recommendations against established ADHD and ODD guidelines.RESULTS: Among 63 ADHD subjects, the majority of the subjects(92%) met full ADHD diagnostic criteria at least in one setting(parent or teacher) on the VADRSs. Nearly half of the patients met full ADHD diagnostic criteria in two settings(parent and teacher). Relatively low agreement between the parent and teacher VADRSs were found(95%CI:-0.33 to 0.14). For 29 children who scored positive for ODD on the rating scales, CAPs confirmed the ODD diagnosis in only 12 of these casepositives, which is considered as a fair agreement between CAPs and VADRSs(95%CI: 0.10-0.53). For 27 children with no ODD diagnosis made by either CAP or VADRS, more than half of them were recommended for medication only. In contrast, where CAPs made the diagnosis of ODD, or where the parent or teacher VADRS was positive for ODD, almost all of the patients received recommendations for medication and behavior therapy.CONCLUSION: CAPs' ADHD diagnoses have strong concurrent validity against valid rating scales, but ADHD's most common comorbid condition- ODD- may be underrecognized.展开更多
Over the past decade,the clinical applications of cognitive psychology and neuropsychology methods have increased in popularity,permeating the clinical,education,and public health sectors.At the federal level,NIMH and...Over the past decade,the clinical applications of cognitive psychology and neuropsychology methods have increased in popularity,permeating the clinical,education,and public health sectors.At the federal level,NIMH and the Institute of Education Sciences are regarding clinical-translation research as a top priority area for empirical investigation,and several national organizations including APA,the National Academy of Neuropsychology,the Society for Neuroscience,and the Neurocognitive Therapies/Translational Research Special Interest Group are recognizing the important influence of neuroscience and neuropsychology in understanding clinical pathology and guiding intervention plans.This line of inquiry has opened significant avenues for research and innovation in clinical practice,and the study of attentional bias in the etiology,assessment,and treatment of anxiety disorders is one of these important avenues.In recent years,researchers have extended early findings about the neurocognitive processes underpinning threat bias to enhance our understanding of risk factors and mechanisms of anxiety disorders,and inform the development of novel applications for clinical assessment and intervention.However,studies exploring these practical applications of attentional bias and dot probe methodology with anxious children and adolescents lag far behind.The following chapter will briefly review the literature on the clinical implications and direct clinical utility of cognitive psychology methods for measuring attentional threat bias in anxious youth.Applications for enhancing clinical assessment and intervention will be reviewed and discussed.Ultimately,advancing our knowledge of brain-behavior relationships,cognitive mechanisms of therapeutic change,and the efficacy of novel neurocognitive interventions may contribute to a better understanding of emotional and behavior disorders in children and the development of targeted interventions that result in greater treatment efficacy.展开更多
To meet the challenges of time searching for the new method for neuropsychopharmacology is still an ongoing process. In this experiment, we proposed and validated three neuropsychopharmacological testing methods, whic...To meet the challenges of time searching for the new method for neuropsychopharmacology is still an ongoing process. In this experiment, we proposed and validated three neuropsychopharmacological testing methods, which are Matching Capacity (MC), Dissimilarity Identification (DI) and Sense Making (SM) tests for the estimation of memory, attention and cognition respectively in healthy aged human participants. The purpose of this experiment was to generate more effective testing methods for the determination of memory, attention and cognition in human. To endorse proposed methods a randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted among healthy aged human participants between the period of December 2015 and February 2016. The experiment was conducted at Gazipur Sadar, Gazipur-1703, Dhaka, Bangladesh and the experiment center was the Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh. In this experiment, 60 healthy male participants between the age of 42 to 50 years were selected and divided into 4 groups with 15 participants in each by simple randomization process. Ginkgo biloba standardized extract’s capsule (Giloba?) and Bacopa monnieri standardized extract’s syrup (Monera?) were used as standard. Psyllium seed husk (i.e., seed of the Plantago ovata) was incorporated in the hard gelatin capsule shell (size 0) to prepare capsule and used as a placebo control of the capsule (PCC). Excipients of oral liquid preparation of vitamin were used to prepare syrup and used as a placebo control of the syrup (PCS). The treatment procedure for group 1 was Ginkgo biloba standardized extract’s capsule (120 mg/capsule), 3 times daily for 21 days;group 2 was treated with Bacopa monnieri standardized extract’s syrup (1.21 g/5 ml), 2 teaspoonfuls, 3 times daily for 21 days. Psyllium seed husk’s capsule and excipients of oral liquid vitamin’s syrup were used as placebo control (PC) for group 3 and group 4 and administered in the similar manner of group 1 and group 2, respectively. Administration of Ginkgo biloba (GB) and Bacopa monnieri (BM) standardized extracts for successive days significantly increased the memory, attention and cognition of the participants with respect to PC groups. In the MC test, treatment with GB extract markedly (P < 0.05) increased the memory of the participants on 21st day with respect to PCC group. On the other hand administration of BM extract remarkably (P < 0.01) increased the memory of the participants on 14th day in comparison with PCS group. For DI test, administration of GB extract noticeably (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) increased the attention of the participants on 14th and 21st day as compared to that of PCC group. Conversely BM extract significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) increased the attention of the participants on 7th, 14th and 21st day with regard to PCS group. In the SM test, administration of GB extract noticeably (P < 0.05) increased the cognition of the participants on 7th and 21st day in comparison with PCC group. BM extract administration considerably (P < 0.01) increased cognition of the participants on 14th and 21st day related to the PCS groups. The experiment demonstrates that MC, DI and SM tests clearly exposed the memory, attention and cognition enhancing activity of the GB and BM standardized extracts in healthful aged human participants respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for the fortitude of memory, attention and cognition in human and will generate a landmark in the sphere of neuroscience.展开更多
目的:分析重复经颅磁刺激(Repeat transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)对注意力缺陷伴多动障碍患儿临床疗效、认知功能及神经递质的影响.方法:选择2020年5月-2023年1月于本院就诊治疗的注意力缺陷伴多动障碍患儿202例作为研究对象...目的:分析重复经颅磁刺激(Repeat transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)对注意力缺陷伴多动障碍患儿临床疗效、认知功能及神经递质的影响.方法:选择2020年5月-2023年1月于本院就诊治疗的注意力缺陷伴多动障碍患儿202例作为研究对象.根据治疗方案不同,将患儿分为对照组(99例)和观察组(103例).对照组采用药物治疗;观察组在对照组基础上采用rTMS治疗.分析比较两组的临床疗效,认知功能[Conners儿童行为量表、韦氏儿童智力量表(Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,WISC-Ⅳ)]、神经递质[脑源性神经营养因子(Brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(Neuron-specific enolase,NSE)].结果:观察组的治疗总疗效显著高于对照组(P<0.05).观察组注意力缺陷、多动-冲动及对立违抗评分下降程度大于对照组(P<0.05).观察组Conners儿童行为量表评分低于对照组,WISC-Ⅳ评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05).观察组BDNF水平高于对照组,NSE水平低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:rTMS治疗对注意力缺陷伴多动障碍患儿临床疗效具有提升效果,可有效改善认知功能,且调节BDNF、NSE水平.展开更多
深部经颅磁刺激(deep transcranial magnetic stimulation,dTMS)作为常见物理治疗方式的一种,近年来已越来越多地应用于各类精神疾病的治疗研究中。目前大部分研究集中于抑郁障碍、强迫障碍、物质使用障碍等精神疾病,治疗方案初步成熟,...深部经颅磁刺激(deep transcranial magnetic stimulation,dTMS)作为常见物理治疗方式的一种,近年来已越来越多地应用于各类精神疾病的治疗研究中。目前大部分研究集中于抑郁障碍、强迫障碍、物质使用障碍等精神疾病,治疗方案初步成熟,取得了较好的疗效,加速治疗方案在抑郁障碍、强迫障碍中初见成效。也有研究尝试使用dTMS治疗双相抑郁、创伤后应激障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、广泛性焦虑障碍、进食障碍等疾病,改善了部分症状,但是否具有切实的疗效仍需进一步研究。目前研究也在尝试使用不同线圈,探索不同治疗部位、不同治疗方案对各类疾病的疗效,以寻求更好的治疗效果。展开更多
Neural attention-based encoders,which effectively attend sentence tokens to their associated context without being restricted by long-term distance or dependency,have demonstrated outstanding performance in embedding ...Neural attention-based encoders,which effectively attend sentence tokens to their associated context without being restricted by long-term distance or dependency,have demonstrated outstanding performance in embedding sentences into meaningful representations(embeddings).The Universal Sentence Encoder(USE)is one of the most well-recognized deep neural network(DNN)based solutions,which is facilitated with an attention-driven transformer architecture and has been pre-trained on a large number of sentences from the Internet.Besides the fact that USE has been widely used in many downstream applications,including information retrieval(IR),interpreting its complicated internal working mechanism remains challenging.In this work,we present a visual analytics solution towards addressing this challenge.Specifically,focused on semantics and syntactics(concepts and relations)that are critical to domain clinical IR,we designed and developed a visual analytics system,i.e.,USEVis.The system investigates the power of USE in effectively extracting sentences’semantics and syntactics through exploring and interpreting how linguistic properties are captured by attentions.Furthermore,by thoroughly examining and comparing the inherent patterns of these attentions,we are able to exploit attentions to retrieve sentences/documents that have similar semantics or are closely related to a given clinical problem in IR.By collaborating with domain experts,we demonstrate use cases with inspiring findings to validate the contribution of our work and the effectiveness of our system.展开更多
文摘Children with attention deficit and hyper activity disorder have various problems such as low academic performance, social and communication problems, anxiety, depression, aggression, conduct disorder and delinquency, and also when they become adults, they have problems in social relationships that these problems can increase or decrease in dealing with family. Hence, this study was performed in order to examine the impact of family-based behavioral treatment compared with Barkley behavior therapy in reducing symptoms of children with attention deficit disorder—ADHD. To meet the aim, 20 of children with age range of 7 to 12 years old with attention deficit disorder—hyperactivity were selected in both experimental and control groups, and exposed to the treatment of behavioral family therapy groups and changes in behavior Barkley. Before and after the treatment, they were evaluated according to the scale of the Conner’s Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form (CPRS-R: S). Results of multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental group who had received family-based behavioral treatments based on changes in behavior Barkley and a control group who had received drug treatment in variables, including conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic symptoms, and signs of impulsive hyperactivity, anxiety and hyperactivity (p < 0.01). These results could be guidance for counsel or sand therapists for children with attention deficit disorder—ADHD.
文摘In terms of advancement of life to meet the challenges new method for neuropsychopharmacological research are continually developing to ensure superior safety, accuracy, efficacy, precision etc. In this experiment, we suggested and validated two neuropsychopharmacological testing methods, these are Numeral Finding (NF) and Typo Revealing (TR) tests for the determination of attention in healthy aged human participants. The objective of this experiment was to generate more effective testing methods for the assessment of attention in human. The rationality of the aforementioned methods was checked by a randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial for the period of 21 days among healthy aged human participants. The experiment was conducted at Gazipur Sadar, Gazipur-1703, Dhaka, Bangladesh between the period of December 2015 and March 2016. The experiment center was the Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh. In this experiment, 60 healthy male participants between the age ranges of 40 to 50 years old were selected and randomly divided by simple randomization process into 3 groups with 20 participants in each. Ginkgo biloba standardized extract’s capsule (Giloba<sup>?</sup><sup></sup> and Kobi<sup>?</sup>) was used as a standard and as a placebo control psyllium seed husk (i.e., seed of the Plantago ovata) was used after filling in the hard gelatin capsule shell (size 0). Group 1 was treated with Giloba<sup>? </sup>in which each capsule contained 120 mg Ginkgo biloba standardized extract (GBG) and group 2 was treated with Kobi<sup>?</sup> in which each capsule contained 60 mg Ginkgo biloba standardized extract (GBK). The treatment procedure for group 3 was psyllium seed husk’s capsule that served as placebo control (PC). Throughout the experiment each capsule was administered 3 times daily. Treatment with Ginkgo biloba standardized extracts for successive days markedly increased the attention of the participants with respect to PC group. In the NF test, administration of GBG and GBK extracts significantly (P P P < 0.01) increased the attention of the participants on 14<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st</sup> day as compared to that of PC group. For TR test treatment with GBG and GBK extracts markedly (P P P < 0.01) increased the attention of the participants on 14<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st</sup> day with respect to PC group. The existing experiment proved that NF and TR tests undoubtedly revealed the attention enhancing activity of the Ginkgo biloba standardized extracts in healthy aged human participants. Consequently, the recommended newly emerging methods can be used for the assessment of attention in human and will create a miracle in the domain of neuroscience.
基金funding from NIMH, AHRQ, Marriott Foundation, Mayo Foundation
文摘AIM: To investigate child and adolescent psychiatrists'(CAPs) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder(ODD) diagnoses and treatments in real-world clinical practice. METHODS: The medical records of 69 ADHD children(mean age = 9.5 years), newly referred to the ADHD clinic, were reviewed for their scores of parent- and teacher-reported Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scales(VADRSs), CAPs' diagnoses of ADHD and ODD, and CAPs' treatment recommendations. Among 63 ADHD subjects who completed both parent and teacher VADRSs, we examined the agreement of the parent and teacher VADRSs. We also examined the concurrent validity of CAPs' ODD diagnoses against the results from the VADRSs. In addition, we compared CAPs' treatment recommendations against established ADHD and ODD guidelines.RESULTS: Among 63 ADHD subjects, the majority of the subjects(92%) met full ADHD diagnostic criteria at least in one setting(parent or teacher) on the VADRSs. Nearly half of the patients met full ADHD diagnostic criteria in two settings(parent and teacher). Relatively low agreement between the parent and teacher VADRSs were found(95%CI:-0.33 to 0.14). For 29 children who scored positive for ODD on the rating scales, CAPs confirmed the ODD diagnosis in only 12 of these casepositives, which is considered as a fair agreement between CAPs and VADRSs(95%CI: 0.10-0.53). For 27 children with no ODD diagnosis made by either CAP or VADRS, more than half of them were recommended for medication only. In contrast, where CAPs made the diagnosis of ODD, or where the parent or teacher VADRS was positive for ODD, almost all of the patients received recommendations for medication and behavior therapy.CONCLUSION: CAPs' ADHD diagnoses have strong concurrent validity against valid rating scales, but ADHD's most common comorbid condition- ODD- may be underrecognized.
文摘Over the past decade,the clinical applications of cognitive psychology and neuropsychology methods have increased in popularity,permeating the clinical,education,and public health sectors.At the federal level,NIMH and the Institute of Education Sciences are regarding clinical-translation research as a top priority area for empirical investigation,and several national organizations including APA,the National Academy of Neuropsychology,the Society for Neuroscience,and the Neurocognitive Therapies/Translational Research Special Interest Group are recognizing the important influence of neuroscience and neuropsychology in understanding clinical pathology and guiding intervention plans.This line of inquiry has opened significant avenues for research and innovation in clinical practice,and the study of attentional bias in the etiology,assessment,and treatment of anxiety disorders is one of these important avenues.In recent years,researchers have extended early findings about the neurocognitive processes underpinning threat bias to enhance our understanding of risk factors and mechanisms of anxiety disorders,and inform the development of novel applications for clinical assessment and intervention.However,studies exploring these practical applications of attentional bias and dot probe methodology with anxious children and adolescents lag far behind.The following chapter will briefly review the literature on the clinical implications and direct clinical utility of cognitive psychology methods for measuring attentional threat bias in anxious youth.Applications for enhancing clinical assessment and intervention will be reviewed and discussed.Ultimately,advancing our knowledge of brain-behavior relationships,cognitive mechanisms of therapeutic change,and the efficacy of novel neurocognitive interventions may contribute to a better understanding of emotional and behavior disorders in children and the development of targeted interventions that result in greater treatment efficacy.
文摘To meet the challenges of time searching for the new method for neuropsychopharmacology is still an ongoing process. In this experiment, we proposed and validated three neuropsychopharmacological testing methods, which are Matching Capacity (MC), Dissimilarity Identification (DI) and Sense Making (SM) tests for the estimation of memory, attention and cognition respectively in healthy aged human participants. The purpose of this experiment was to generate more effective testing methods for the determination of memory, attention and cognition in human. To endorse proposed methods a randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted among healthy aged human participants between the period of December 2015 and February 2016. The experiment was conducted at Gazipur Sadar, Gazipur-1703, Dhaka, Bangladesh and the experiment center was the Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh. In this experiment, 60 healthy male participants between the age of 42 to 50 years were selected and divided into 4 groups with 15 participants in each by simple randomization process. Ginkgo biloba standardized extract’s capsule (Giloba?) and Bacopa monnieri standardized extract’s syrup (Monera?) were used as standard. Psyllium seed husk (i.e., seed of the Plantago ovata) was incorporated in the hard gelatin capsule shell (size 0) to prepare capsule and used as a placebo control of the capsule (PCC). Excipients of oral liquid preparation of vitamin were used to prepare syrup and used as a placebo control of the syrup (PCS). The treatment procedure for group 1 was Ginkgo biloba standardized extract’s capsule (120 mg/capsule), 3 times daily for 21 days;group 2 was treated with Bacopa monnieri standardized extract’s syrup (1.21 g/5 ml), 2 teaspoonfuls, 3 times daily for 21 days. Psyllium seed husk’s capsule and excipients of oral liquid vitamin’s syrup were used as placebo control (PC) for group 3 and group 4 and administered in the similar manner of group 1 and group 2, respectively. Administration of Ginkgo biloba (GB) and Bacopa monnieri (BM) standardized extracts for successive days significantly increased the memory, attention and cognition of the participants with respect to PC groups. In the MC test, treatment with GB extract markedly (P < 0.05) increased the memory of the participants on 21st day with respect to PCC group. On the other hand administration of BM extract remarkably (P < 0.01) increased the memory of the participants on 14th day in comparison with PCS group. For DI test, administration of GB extract noticeably (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) increased the attention of the participants on 14th and 21st day as compared to that of PCC group. Conversely BM extract significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) increased the attention of the participants on 7th, 14th and 21st day with regard to PCS group. In the SM test, administration of GB extract noticeably (P < 0.05) increased the cognition of the participants on 7th and 21st day in comparison with PCC group. BM extract administration considerably (P < 0.01) increased cognition of the participants on 14th and 21st day related to the PCS groups. The experiment demonstrates that MC, DI and SM tests clearly exposed the memory, attention and cognition enhancing activity of the GB and BM standardized extracts in healthful aged human participants respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for the fortitude of memory, attention and cognition in human and will generate a landmark in the sphere of neuroscience.
文摘深部经颅磁刺激(deep transcranial magnetic stimulation,dTMS)作为常见物理治疗方式的一种,近年来已越来越多地应用于各类精神疾病的治疗研究中。目前大部分研究集中于抑郁障碍、强迫障碍、物质使用障碍等精神疾病,治疗方案初步成熟,取得了较好的疗效,加速治疗方案在抑郁障碍、强迫障碍中初见成效。也有研究尝试使用dTMS治疗双相抑郁、创伤后应激障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、广泛性焦虑障碍、进食障碍等疾病,改善了部分症状,但是否具有切实的疗效仍需进一步研究。目前研究也在尝试使用不同线圈,探索不同治疗部位、不同治疗方案对各类疾病的疗效,以寻求更好的治疗效果。
文摘Neural attention-based encoders,which effectively attend sentence tokens to their associated context without being restricted by long-term distance or dependency,have demonstrated outstanding performance in embedding sentences into meaningful representations(embeddings).The Universal Sentence Encoder(USE)is one of the most well-recognized deep neural network(DNN)based solutions,which is facilitated with an attention-driven transformer architecture and has been pre-trained on a large number of sentences from the Internet.Besides the fact that USE has been widely used in many downstream applications,including information retrieval(IR),interpreting its complicated internal working mechanism remains challenging.In this work,we present a visual analytics solution towards addressing this challenge.Specifically,focused on semantics and syntactics(concepts and relations)that are critical to domain clinical IR,we designed and developed a visual analytics system,i.e.,USEVis.The system investigates the power of USE in effectively extracting sentences’semantics and syntactics through exploring and interpreting how linguistic properties are captured by attentions.Furthermore,by thoroughly examining and comparing the inherent patterns of these attentions,we are able to exploit attentions to retrieve sentences/documents that have similar semantics or are closely related to a given clinical problem in IR.By collaborating with domain experts,we demonstrate use cases with inspiring findings to validate the contribution of our work and the effectiveness of our system.
