Biallelic inactivation of fumarate hydratase (FH) causes type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC2), uterine fibroids, and cutaneous leimyomas, a condition known as hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (...Biallelic inactivation of fumarate hydratase (FH) causes type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC2), uterine fibroids, and cutaneous leimyomas, a condition known as hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). The most direct effect of FH inactivation is intracellular fumarate accumulation. A majority of studies on FH inactivation over the past decade have focused on the theory that intracellular fumarate stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A) through competitive inhibition of HIF prolyl hydroxylases. Recently, a competing theory that intracellular fumarate activates nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) through post-translational modification of its negative regulator. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) has emerged from a computational modeling study and mouse model studies. This review dissects the origin of these two governing theories and highlights the presence of chromatin-structure-regulated targets of transcription factors, which we refer to as "cryptic targets" of transcription factors. One such cryptic target is heme oxygenase I (HMOX1), the expression of which is known to be modulated by the gene product of SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4, also known as BRG1).展开更多
Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is an important industrial enzyme used for acrylamide production from acrylonitrile.The deactivation kinetics of NHases in free resting cells of Rhodococcus sp.was presented based on a bi-ste...Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is an important industrial enzyme used for acrylamide production from acrylonitrile.The deactivation kinetics of NHases in free resting cells of Rhodococcus sp.was presented based on a bi-steady state assumption.Effects of hydration temperature,product concentration and substrate concentration on NHase deactivation were investigated experimentally and correlated with a first order deactivation kinetics.The results showed that the hydration temperature and product concentration were major factors governing the deactivation of NHases under substrate-feeding conditions.When acrylamide concentration was higher than 250 g·L1,the deactivation of NHases became serious and the bi-steady state assumption was not applicable.When the hydration temperature was controlled at a relatively higher level such as 28°C,the total deactivation rate constant was about 2.8-fold of that at 20°C.展开更多
Inducing expression and the reaction characteristic of nitrile hydratase （NHase） from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 were investigated. The results showed that the expression of NHase was greatly enhanced with the cooperatio...Inducing expression and the reaction characteristic of nitrile hydratase （NHase） from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 were investigated. The results showed that the expression of NHase was greatly enhanced with the cooperation of acrylonitrile and ammonium chloride as inducer in the medium and the specific activity of NHase was increased of 44%. Then the temperature, pH, concentration of acrylonitrile and acrylamide were evaluated, which affected the activity and reaction characteristic of NHase. It was found that the temperature and concentration of acrylarnide were the most important factors for the catalyzation of NHase. The optimal catalysis temperature of NHase from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 was 30℃, and the activation energy of the hydration of NHase was 90.2kJ·mol^-1 in the temperature range from 5℃ to 30℃. Kmof NHase was 0.095mol·L^-1 using acrylonitrile（AN） as substrate, and NHase activity was inhibited seriously when acrylonitrile concentration was up to 40g·L^-1, the substrate inhibition constant Ki is 0.283mol·L^-1. Moreover, the NHase from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 had very strong tolerance to acrylamide, in which the final concentration of acrylamide reached to 642g·L^-1 and the residual activity of NHase still maintained 8.6% of the initial enzyme activity.展开更多
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates(CLEAs) of nitrile hydratase(NHase) ES-NHT-118 from Escherichia coli were prepared by using ammonium sulfate as precipitating agent followed by cross-linking with dextran polyaldehyde for...Cross-linked enzyme aggregates(CLEAs) of nitrile hydratase(NHase) ES-NHT-118 from Escherichia coli were prepared by using ammonium sulfate as precipitating agent followed by cross-linking with dextran polyaldehyde for the first time. In this process, egg white was added as protein feeder for facilitating the formation of CLEAs. The optimal conditions of the immobilization process were determined. Michaelis constants(Km) of free NHase and NHase CLEAs were also determined. The NHase CLEAs exhibited increased stability at varied pH and temperature conditions compared to its free counterpart. When exposed to high concentrations of acrylamide, NHase CLEAs also exhibited effective catalytic activity.展开更多
The synthesis of hydroxy fatty acids(HFAs) from renewable oil feedstock by addition of water onto C_C bonds has attracted great attention in recent years. Given that selective asymmetric hydration of non-activated C_C...The synthesis of hydroxy fatty acids(HFAs) from renewable oil feedstock by addition of water onto C_C bonds has attracted great attention in recent years. Given that selective asymmetric hydration of non-activated C_C bonds has been proven difficult to achieve with chemical catalysts, enzymatic catalysis by fatty acid hydratases(FAHs) presents an attractive alternative approach to produce value-added HFAs with high regio-, enantioand stereospecificity, as well as excellent atom economy. Even though FAHs have just been investigated as a potential biocatalyst for a decade, remarkable information about FAHs in different aspects is available;however, a comprehensive review has not been archived. Herein, we summarize the research progresses on biochemical characterization, structural and mechanistic determination, enzyme engineering, as well as biotechnological application of FAHs. The current challenges and opportunities for an efficient utilization of FAHs in organic synthesis and industrial applications are critically discussed.展开更多
目的:探讨妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC)患者烯醇化酶(enolase,Eno)含量、阴道微生态与妊娠结局的相关性。方法:选取2021年4月—2022年4月在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八〇医院产科住院并分娩的77例...目的:探讨妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC)患者烯醇化酶(enolase,Eno)含量、阴道微生态与妊娠结局的相关性。方法:选取2021年4月—2022年4月在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八〇医院产科住院并分娩的77例妊娠期VVC患者为研究对象,根据妊娠结局分为不良妊娠结局组49例、正常妊娠结局组28例。比较2组患者一般资料、阴道微生态指标、(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖和Eno水平。Logistic回归分析妊娠期VVC患者发生不良妊娠结局的影响因素。受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线分析(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖、Eno对妊娠期VVC患者不良妊娠结局的诊断价值。结果:不良妊娠结局组抗感染治疗患者比例低于正常妊娠结局组(χ^(2)=4.270,P=0.039)。不良妊娠结局组阴道菌群密集度Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、菌群多样性Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、清洁度Ⅰ~Ⅱ度、pH值3.8~4.5、过氧化氢阳性和白细胞酯酶阴性患者的比例均低于正常妊娠结局组(均P<0.05)。不良妊娠结局组(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖和Eno水平均高于正常妊娠结局组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖和Eno升高均是妊娠期VVC患者发生不良妊娠结局的危险因素(P<0.05),阴道菌群密集度为Ⅱ~Ⅲ级是保护因素(P<0.05)。(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖、Eno两者联合诊断妊娠期VVC患者不良妊娠结局的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)高于单一指标,联合诊断的敏感度为95.92%,特异度为82.14%,二者联合优于(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖(Z=2.092,P=0.036)、Eno(Z=2.703,P=0.007)各自单独诊断。结论:(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖和Eno水平升高、阴道微生态发生异常均可增加妊娠期VVC患者发生不良妊娠结局的风险,可利用(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖和Eno联合对妊娠期VVC患者进行不良妊娠结局的风险筛查。展开更多
文摘Biallelic inactivation of fumarate hydratase (FH) causes type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC2), uterine fibroids, and cutaneous leimyomas, a condition known as hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). The most direct effect of FH inactivation is intracellular fumarate accumulation. A majority of studies on FH inactivation over the past decade have focused on the theory that intracellular fumarate stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A) through competitive inhibition of HIF prolyl hydroxylases. Recently, a competing theory that intracellular fumarate activates nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) through post-translational modification of its negative regulator. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) has emerged from a computational modeling study and mouse model studies. This review dissects the origin of these two governing theories and highlights the presence of chromatin-structure-regulated targets of transcription factors, which we refer to as "cryptic targets" of transcription factors. One such cryptic target is heme oxygenase I (HMOX1), the expression of which is known to be modulated by the gene product of SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4, also known as BRG1).
基金Supported by the Foundation for the Authors of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (200345)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2007AA02Z201)the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB714304)
文摘Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is an important industrial enzyme used for acrylamide production from acrylonitrile.The deactivation kinetics of NHases in free resting cells of Rhodococcus sp.was presented based on a bi-steady state assumption.Effects of hydration temperature,product concentration and substrate concentration on NHase deactivation were investigated experimentally and correlated with a first order deactivation kinetics.The results showed that the hydration temperature and product concentration were major factors governing the deactivation of NHases under substrate-feeding conditions.When acrylamide concentration was higher than 250 g·L1,the deactivation of NHases became serious and the bi-steady state assumption was not applicable.When the hydration temperature was controlled at a relatively higher level such as 28°C,the total deactivation rate constant was about 2.8-fold of that at 20°C.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20466002）, the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-04-089） and the Key Research Projects in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang （No.200332109）.
文摘Inducing expression and the reaction characteristic of nitrile hydratase （NHase） from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 were investigated. The results showed that the expression of NHase was greatly enhanced with the cooperation of acrylonitrile and ammonium chloride as inducer in the medium and the specific activity of NHase was increased of 44%. Then the temperature, pH, concentration of acrylonitrile and acrylamide were evaluated, which affected the activity and reaction characteristic of NHase. It was found that the temperature and concentration of acrylarnide were the most important factors for the catalyzation of NHase. The optimal catalysis temperature of NHase from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 was 30℃, and the activation energy of the hydration of NHase was 90.2kJ·mol^-1 in the temperature range from 5℃ to 30℃. Kmof NHase was 0.095mol·L^-1 using acrylonitrile（AN） as substrate, and NHase activity was inhibited seriously when acrylonitrile concentration was up to 40g·L^-1, the substrate inhibition constant Ki is 0.283mol·L^-1. Moreover, the NHase from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 had very strong tolerance to acrylamide, in which the final concentration of acrylamide reached to 642g·L^-1 and the residual activity of NHase still maintained 8.6% of the initial enzyme activity.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.21306039,21276060,21276062)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2015202082,B2016202027)the Tianjin City High School Science&Technology Fund Planning Project(20140513)
文摘Cross-linked enzyme aggregates(CLEAs) of nitrile hydratase(NHase) ES-NHT-118 from Escherichia coli were prepared by using ammonium sulfate as precipitating agent followed by cross-linking with dextran polyaldehyde for the first time. In this process, egg white was added as protein feeder for facilitating the formation of CLEAs. The optimal conditions of the immobilization process were determined. Michaelis constants(Km) of free NHase and NHase CLEAs were also determined. The NHase CLEAs exhibited increased stability at varied pH and temperature conditions compared to its free counterpart. When exposed to high concentrations of acrylamide, NHase CLEAs also exhibited effective catalytic activity.
基金Financial Supports from Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF16OC0021740)Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond,AUFFNOVA(AUFF-E-2015-FLS-9-12)。
文摘The synthesis of hydroxy fatty acids(HFAs) from renewable oil feedstock by addition of water onto C_C bonds has attracted great attention in recent years. Given that selective asymmetric hydration of non-activated C_C bonds has been proven difficult to achieve with chemical catalysts, enzymatic catalysis by fatty acid hydratases(FAHs) presents an attractive alternative approach to produce value-added HFAs with high regio-, enantioand stereospecificity, as well as excellent atom economy. Even though FAHs have just been investigated as a potential biocatalyst for a decade, remarkable information about FAHs in different aspects is available;however, a comprehensive review has not been archived. Herein, we summarize the research progresses on biochemical characterization, structural and mechanistic determination, enzyme engineering, as well as biotechnological application of FAHs. The current challenges and opportunities for an efficient utilization of FAHs in organic synthesis and industrial applications are critically discussed.
文摘目的:探讨妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC)患者烯醇化酶(enolase,Eno)含量、阴道微生态与妊娠结局的相关性。方法:选取2021年4月—2022年4月在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八〇医院产科住院并分娩的77例妊娠期VVC患者为研究对象,根据妊娠结局分为不良妊娠结局组49例、正常妊娠结局组28例。比较2组患者一般资料、阴道微生态指标、(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖和Eno水平。Logistic回归分析妊娠期VVC患者发生不良妊娠结局的影响因素。受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线分析(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖、Eno对妊娠期VVC患者不良妊娠结局的诊断价值。结果:不良妊娠结局组抗感染治疗患者比例低于正常妊娠结局组(χ^(2)=4.270,P=0.039)。不良妊娠结局组阴道菌群密集度Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、菌群多样性Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、清洁度Ⅰ~Ⅱ度、pH值3.8~4.5、过氧化氢阳性和白细胞酯酶阴性患者的比例均低于正常妊娠结局组(均P<0.05)。不良妊娠结局组(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖和Eno水平均高于正常妊娠结局组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖和Eno升高均是妊娠期VVC患者发生不良妊娠结局的危险因素(P<0.05),阴道菌群密集度为Ⅱ~Ⅲ级是保护因素(P<0.05)。(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖、Eno两者联合诊断妊娠期VVC患者不良妊娠结局的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)高于单一指标,联合诊断的敏感度为95.92%,特异度为82.14%,二者联合优于(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖(Z=2.092,P=0.036)、Eno(Z=2.703,P=0.007)各自单独诊断。结论:(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖和Eno水平升高、阴道微生态发生异常均可增加妊娠期VVC患者发生不良妊娠结局的风险,可利用(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖和Eno联合对妊娠期VVC患者进行不良妊娠结局的风险筛查。
