Growth and Reproduction and Immune Traits of a New Intermediate Population of Enshi Black Pig

[Objectives] This study was conducted to illustrate the possible effects of heredity on the growth,reproduction and immune traits of Enshi Black pig.[Methods]The main growth,reproduction and immune traits of three populations( Goutou type,Shizitou type and an intermediate type between them) of Enshi Black pig were surveyed,and the correlations among these traits were analyzed.[Results]The health score of pregnant sows,average litter size and weight gain of piglets of intermediate type were all very significantly higher than those of Goutou and Shizitou types( P < 0.01).The percentage of lymphocytes of intermediate type was significantly higher than that of Goutou and Shizitou types( P < 0.05).The number of white blood cells( WBCs) and the number of neutrophils of intermediate type very were significantly higher than those of the other two types( P < 0.01).The percentages of CD3 + CD4 + double positive T cells( helper/inducer T lymphocytes) and CD3 + CD8 + double positive T cells( suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes) and the CD4 +/CD8 + ratio( the ratio of helper T cells/suppressor T cells) of intermediate type were all significantly higher than those of the other two types.Correlation analysis showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between health score and litter size( P < 0.01,R = 0.336),a significant negative correlation between the percentage of lymphocytes and the number of neutrophils( P < 0.05,R =-0.733),and a significant correlation between the percentage of CD3 + CD8 + T cells and the number of platelets( P < 0.05,R = 0.700).[Conclusions] The intermediate type Enshi Black pig inherits the excellent traits of both Goutou type and Shizitou types,and thus has better growth,reproduction and immune traits than the other two types.

Detection and Analysis of Routine Blood Indexes in Guike Pig

[Objectives] In this study,routine blood indexes of Guike pig were detected to clarify quantity variation and morphology distribution of different functional cells（ red blood cells,white blood cells and platelets）,thus providing reference data for immunological evaluation and disease resistance research of Guike pig. [Methods] Blood samples were collected from forty-four 49-day-old healthy Guike pigs（ 22 males and 22 females） once a week for seven consecutive weeks to detect routine blood indexes,and the results were compared with routine blood indexes of Landrace pig and Enshi black pig. [Results]Among red blood cell indexes of Guike pig at different day ages,red blood cell count（ RBC） and hemoglobin count（ HGB） both reached the lowest levels（ 6. 85 × 10^12/L and 97. 1 g/L）at 70 days of age,which were significantly lower than the corresponding indexes at 49,56,63,84 and 91 days of age（ P 〈 0. 05,similarly hereinafter）; mean corpuscular hemoglobin（ MCH） and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration（ MCHC） demonstrated basically the same variation pattern,which both reached the lowest levels（ 15. 11 pg and 275. 70 g/L） at 70 days of age and reached the highest levels（ 16. 40 pg and 314. 30 g/L） at 91 days of age; hematocrit（ HCT）,mean corpuscular volume（ MCV） and red blood cell distribution width（ RDW） exhibited relatively stable changes with no significant differences among different day ages（ P 〉 0. 05,similarly hereinafter）. Among white blood cell indexes of Guike pig at different day ages,white blood cell count（ WBC） reached the lowest level（ 13. 71 × 10^9/L） at 63 days of age and reached the highest level（ 17. 52 × 10^9/L） at 84 days of age,with significant differences; neutrophil count（ NEUT）reached the lowest level（ 3. 61 × 10^9/L） at 70 days of age,which was significantly lower than that at 49,56 and 77 days of age; lymphocyte count（ LYMPH） exhibited relatively stable changes and was not significantly affected by the increase in day age. Among platelet indexes of Guike pig at different day ages,platelet count（ PLT）,thrombocytocrit（ PCT） and platelet volume distribution width（ PDW） exhibited relatively stable changes among different day ages,which were not significantly affected by the increase in day age. Compared to 35-day-old Landrace pig and 5-month-old Enshi black pig,most routine blood indexes of Guike pig were similar to or ranged between those of Landrace pig and Enshi black pig except HCT,mean platelet volume（ MPV）,PCT and PDW. [Conclusions]Guike pig has a certain uniqueness in routine blood indexes,which has developed a stable immune system at 49-91 days of age.

保鲜剂对恩施黑猪冷鲜肉真菌多样性的影响研究

目的 探究保鲜剂对恩施黑猪冷鲜肉真菌多样性的影响。方法 采用高通量测序技术对腐败恩施黑猪冷鲜肉进行真菌多样性分析,并使用欧氏距离评价其组间距离。结果 样品的优势真菌门主要为Ascomycota(子囊菌门),相对丰度达99.00%。主要真菌属为Candida(假丝酵母属)和Yarrowia(耶氏酵母属),相对含量分别为95.39%和0.20%。其中Candida为主要的优势真菌属,其仅在丁香油和鱼精蛋白两个处理组的相对含量低于85%,其余处理组中均高于95%。β多样性分析发现,丁香油和鱼精蛋白处理组的菌群结构相似,和其他9组菌群结构具有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 丁香油与鱼精蛋白对恩施黑猪冷鲜肉中的优势真菌属具有一定的抑制作用。

党参组方饲料添加剂对保育期恩施黑猪生产性能、养分消化率和血液免疫指标的影响

文章旨在研究不同党参组方作为饲料添加剂对保育期恩施黑猪生产性能、养分消化率和免疫指标的影响。试验将120只30日龄恩施黑猪随机分成4组。对照组(试验Ⅳ组)饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加不同党参组方,试验为期45 d。结果表明,试验组平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量均不同程度高于对照组;试验组IgG、IgM、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,党参组方饲料添加剂能显著提升恩施黑猪保育期生产性能、饲料养分消化率和血液免疫指标。

恩施黑猪在传染性胃肠病防控常态下的种猪选育

恩施黑猪是一种以肉质优良而闻名的猪的珍贵品种,需要在饲养过程中采取有效的措施预防和控制传染性胃肠病,以确保健康、优质的种猪选育。该文强调了恩施黑猪的种猪选育中预防和控制传染性胃肠病的重要性。其中了解常见的传染性胃肠道疾病并实施强有力的预防策略以及维持畜群的健康是成功选种的关键方面。生物安全协议、疫苗接种计划、卫生实践、害虫控制和监测系统在预防疾病传播方面发挥着关键作用。适当的营养、减压、检疫以及育种工作人员的培训对畜群的健康至关重要。有效的传染性胃肠道疾病预防和控制措施下可极大地提高恩施黑猪繁育的可持续性,并为筛选更优质的种猪奠定基础。该文讨论恩施黑猪在传染性胃肠病防控常态下的种猪选育原则,通过优先考虑抗病性、检查健康史、考虑遗传多样性、评估繁殖性能和生长性状以及评估性情等方面,为恩施黑猪选育保种工作提供参考依据。

桂科育成猪血常规指标的测定分析

【目的】检测桂科育成猪的血常规指标,明确不同功能细胞(红细胞、白细胞和血小板)的数量变化及形态分布情况,为桂科猪的免疫评估与抗病性能研究提供基础数据。【方法】于49日龄起每周对44头桂科育成猪(公母各半)采血1次,连续采样7周,测定其血常规指标,并与长白猪和恩施黑猪的血常规指标进行比较分析。【结果】在桂科育成猪不同日龄的红细胞类检测指标中,红细胞计数(RBC)和血红蛋白含量(HGB)均在70日龄达最低值(6.85×1012/L和97.1 g/L),显著低于49、56、63、84和91日龄时的对应值(P<0.05,下同);平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)和平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)的变化规律基本一致,均在70日龄达最低值(15.11 pg和275.70 g/L)、91日龄达最高值(16.40 pg和314.30 g/L);红细胞压积(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)和红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)的变化相对较稳定,不同日龄间均无显著差异(P>0.05,下同)。在白细胞类检测指标中,白细胞计数(WBC)于63日龄达最低值(13.71×10~9/L)、84日龄达最高值(17.52×10~9/L),二者差异显著;中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)在70日龄时达最低值(3.61×10~9/L),显著低于49和56日龄的对应值。淋巴细胞计数(LYMPH)的变化相对较稳定,受日龄增长的影响不显著。在血小板类检测指标中,血小板计数(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)及血小板平均分布宽度(PDW)在不同日龄的变化相对较稳定,受日龄增长的影响不显著。与35日龄长白猪和5月龄以上恩施黑猪相比,桂科育成猪除HCT、平均血小板体积(MPV)、PCT和PDW等少数指标表现异常外,其他大部分血常规指标介于长白猪与恩施黑猪血常规指标范围内。【结论】桂科育成猪在血常规指标方面有一定的独特性,发育至49~91日龄时已具备较稳定的免疫系统。

恩施黑猪基因组群体遗传学参数的估计与选择信号研究

旨在调查恩施黑猪基因组群体遗传学参数与选择信号。本研究利用Porcine 80K SNP芯片,通过计算亲缘系数、近交系数、连锁不平衡程度与有效群体大小等群体遗传学层面的参数评估恩施黑猪种群结构关系,运用CLR和iHS方法检测恩施黑猪基因组选择信号,并通过生物信息学分析揭示其潜在受选择基因。亲缘系数计算发现,咸丰县恩施黑猪个体间平均亲缘系数为0.12;近交系数计算表明, 16%的样本近交系数大于0.125,存在明显近交累积。此外,本研究构建了恩施黑猪全基因组连锁不平衡图谱;利用连锁不平衡信息,恩施黑猪估计历史有效群体大小呈现逐代下降趋势,其中5世代前有效群体大小约为25头。基于CLR方法共检测到126个显著选择信号候选区域,总长约为51.6 Mb,占基因组总长的2.1%。利用iHS方法,共发现248个显著选择信号候选区域,长度约为78.78 Mb,约占基因组总长的3.2%。富集分析表明,与选择信号区域重叠的LPAR2、NDUFA13、MEF2B、AHR基因分别与胴体长度(滴水损失)、精子形成、骨骼肌分化和总产仔数相关。研究表明,现存恩施黑猪群体血统较窄,近交累积严重,有效群体大小较小,并呈现继续缩小的趋势。选择信号分析揭示的一系列潜在受选择基因能够为未来恩施黑猪的遗传改良提供一定的参考依据。